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Zhu J, Chen R, Feng Q, Huang C, Huang F, Du J, Wang J, Zhan X. Mechanistic insights into auxin-enhancing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by wheat roots: Evidence from in situ intracellular pH and root-surface H + flux. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133077. [PMID: 38035525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of extremely carcinogenic organic pollutants. Our previous findings have demonstrated that plant roots actively take up PAHs through co-transport with H+ ions. Auxin serves as a pivotal regulator of plant growth and development. However, it remains unclear whether the hormone can enhance the uptake of PAHs by plant roots. Hence, the wheat root exposed to PAHs with/without auxins was set to investigate how the auxin promotes the PAHs uptake by roots. In our study, auxin could significantly enhance the uptake of PAHs after 4 h of exposure. After the addition of auxin, the root tissue cytoplasmic pH value was decreased and the H+ influx was observed, indicating that the extracellular space was alkalinized in a short time. The increased H+ influx rate enhanced the uptake of PAHs. In addition, the H+-ATPase activity was also increased, suggesting that auxin activated two distinct and antagonistic H+ flux pathways, and the H+ influx pathway was dominant. Our findings offer important information for exploring the mechanism underlying auxin regulation of PAHs uptake and the phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurun Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Onyena AP, Nkwoji JA, Chukwu LO, Walker TR, Sam K. Risk assessment of sediment PAH, BTEX, and emerging contaminants in Chanomi Creek Niger Delta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1080. [PMID: 37615789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and emerging contaminants in Chanomi Creek. Sediment samples were collected between March 2019 and July 2020 to evaluate the concentrations of PAH, BTEX, and emerging contaminants using GC-MS and GC-FID with Headspace extraction. Results indicated mean PAH concentrations were 22.691 ± 15.09 µg/kg. The highest individual PAH concentrations were fluorene (7.085 µg/kg), naphthalene (4.517 µg/kg), and phenanthrene (3.081 µg/kg). Carbazole (0.828 µg/kg) was discovered as a novel environmental toxin with dioxin-like toxicity and widespread prevalence in sediments. The most common congener (25%) was ethylbenzene, followed by toluene and ortho- and meta-xylene (21%) and benzene (13%). The analysis of diagnostic ratios revealed that the main factors responsible for the presence of PAHs in the study area are the residential use of firewood, emissions from industrial activities, bush burning, and petroleum slicks. The risk assessment indicated that most PAHs exceeded the permissible risk quotient values, suggesting a moderate to high ecological risk. However, cutaneous exposure to PAHs and BTEX was found to have minimal impact on human health, with no significant hazards identified in adults and children. Nevertheless, the study revealed low cancer risks associated with PAH and BTEX compounds for both age groups. The continued discharge of PAHs and BTEX compounds into Chanomi Creek could have significant long-term negative effects on human and aquatic health. Thus, contamination risk awareness programs and the development of stringent contextual thresholds for identified contaminants could enhance environmental and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarachi P Onyena
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
- Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph A Nkwoji
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Lucian O Chukwu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kabari Sam
- Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria
- School of Environment, Geography and Geoscience, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
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Sankar TK, Kumar A, Mahto DK, Das KC, Narayan P, Fukate M, Awachat P, Padghan D, Mohammad F, Al-Lohedan HA, Soleiman AA, Ambade B. The Health Risk and Source Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Soil of Industrial Cities in India. TOXICS 2023; 11:515. [PMID: 37368615 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Industrial areas play an important role in the urban ecosystem. Industrial site environmental quality is linked to human health. Soil samples from two different cities in India, Jamshedpur and Amravati, were collected and analyzed to assess the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrial areas and their potential health risks. The total concentration of 16 PAHs in JSR (Jamshedpur) varied from 1662.90 to 10,879.20 ng/g, whereas the concentration ranged from 1456.22 to 5403.45 ng/g in the soil of AMT (Amravati). The PAHs in the samples were dominated by four-ring PAHs, followed by five-ring PAHs, and a small percentage of two-ring PAHs. The ILCR (incremental lifetime cancer risk) of the soil of Amravati was lower compared to that of Jamshedpur. The risk due to PAH exposure for children and adults was reported to be in the order of ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation while for adolescents it was dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation in Jamshedpur. In contrast, in the soil of Amravati, the PAH exposure path risk for children and adolescents were the same and showed the following order: dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation while for the adulthood age group, the order was ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The diagnostic ratio approach was used to assess the sources of PAHs in various environmental media. The PAH sources were mainly dominated by coal and petroleum/oil combustion. As both the study areas belong to industrial sites, the significant sources were industrial emissions, followed by traffic emissions, coal combustion for domestic livelihood, as well as due to the geographical location of the sampling sites. The results of this investigation provide novel information for contamination evaluation and human health risk assessment in PAH-contaminated sites in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Sankar
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 43149, Taiwan
| | - Dilip Kumar Mahto
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, India
| | - Kailash Chandra Das
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Prakash Narayan
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Manish Fukate
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Prashant Awachat
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Dhanshri Padghan
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Soleiman
- College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - Balram Ambade
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, India
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Sanli G, Celik S, Joubi V, Tasdemir Y. Concentrations, phase exchanges and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) In Bursa-Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116344. [PMID: 37290625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the pollution levels derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, plant and soil samples and to reveal the PAH exchange at the soil-air, soil-plant and plant-air interfaces. In this context, air and soil samples were collected in approximately 10-day periods between June 2021 and February 2022 from a semi-urban area in Bursa, an industrial city with a dense population. Also, plant branch samples were collected for the last three months. Total PAH concentrations in the atmosphere (∑16PAH) and soil (∑14PAH) ranged from 4.03 to 64.6 ng/m3 and 13-189.4 ng/g DM, respectively. PAH levels in the tree branches varied between 256.6 and 419.75 ng/g DM. In all air and soil samples, PAH levels were low in the summer and reached higher values in the winter. 3-ring PAHs were the dominant compounds, and their distribution in air and soil samples varied between 28.9%-71.9% and 22.8%-57.7%, respectively. According to the results of diagnostic ratios (DRs) and principal component analysis (PCA), both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources were found to be effective in PAH pollution in the sampling region. The fugacity fraction (ff) ratio and net flux (Fnet) values indicated that the direction of movement of PAHs was from soil to air. In order to better understand the PAH movement in the environment, soil-plant exchange calculations were also achieved. The ratio of ∑14PAH values measured to modeled concentrations (1.19<ratio<1.52) revealed that the model worked well for the sampling region and produced reasonable results. The ff and Fnet levels showed that branches were saturated with PAHs and the direction of PAH movement was from plant to soil. The plant-air exchange results indicated that the direction of movement of PAHs was from plant to air for low molecular weight PAHs and the opposite was true for compounds with high molecular weight ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Sanli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Semra Celik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Viam Joubi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yücel Tasdemir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
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Pilková Z, Hiller E, Filová L, Jurkovič Ľ. Sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roadside soils at traffic light intersections (Bratislava, Slovakia): concentrations, sources and influencing factors. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3473-3492. [PMID: 34613560 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combustion of fossil fuels is the most important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment. Cities are typical of many human activities which are dependent on fossil fuels (road and railway transport, heat generation, waste incineration and industry) on a small area, leading to high concentrations of PAHs in urban air, dust and soil. The aim of this study was to determine the possible influence of urban traffic on the accumulation of sixteen priority PAHs in soils (n = 132 at two soil depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) taken at intersections (n = 37) with different traffic volumes and road ages. Variable concentrations of the sum of PAHs (∑16PAH) ranging from 188 to 21,950 μg/kg with a mean and median of 3021 μg/kg and 1930 μg/kg were recorded, respectively. Concentrations of PAHs positively correlated with soil organic carbon content (TOC) (rSpearman = 0.518; p < 0.001). Statistically significant positive correlations between ∑16PAH concentrations and traffic volume/road age were found in this study (rSpearman = 0.689/0.619; p < 0.001), while ∑16PAH concentration decreased with increasing distance from the road edge and was statistically lower at a soil depth of 10-20 cm than at 0-10 cm (p < 0.05). Multivariate statistical methods (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) applied to log-ratio transformed data (clr) to decrease the constant sum constraint coupled with positive matrix factorisation (PMF) modelling pointed to the dominance of pyrogenic emission sources, with 62.1% traffic-related (petrol and diesel emissions, liquid fuel and motor oil spills, and tyre wear) according to PMF results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pilková
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Edgar Hiller
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lenka Filová
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina 1, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Jurkovič
- Department of Geochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Soil PAHs and their Relationship with Anthropogenic Activities at a National Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244928. [PMID: 31817465 PMCID: PMC6950367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution is a major concern due to its negative impact on soil quality around the world. In China, accurate data on soil PAHs and information on the relationship with anthropogenic activities are limited. In this study, about 30,800 samples from 1833 soil sample sites were reviewed from 306 published reports to build a soil PAHs database. Based on the data obtained, the results demonstrated that 24.11% of surface soils in China are heavily contaminated. Meanwhile, the concentration of soil PAHs varied, in the order of independent mining and industrial areas (IMIA) > urban areas > suburban areas > rural areas, and the spatial distribution in China demonstrated a descending trend from north to south. Moreover, the characteristic ratio and PCA-MLR (principal component analysis-multiple linear regression) analysis demonstrated that coal combustion and vehicular exhaust emissions were the main sources of soil PAH pollution in China. On the other hand, provincial total Σ16PAHs in surface soil were significantly correlated with the per square kilometer GDP (gross domestic product) of industrial land, the per capita GDP, as well as the production and consumption of energy. These results indicate that anthropogenic factors have greatly affected the levels of soil PAHs in China. This study improves our understanding on the status and sources of soil PAH contamination in China, thereby facilitating the implementation of strategies of prevention, control, and remediation of soils.
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Offiong NO, Inam EJ, Etuk HS, Essien JP. Current status and challenges of remediating petroleum‐derived PAHs in soils: Nigeria as a case study for developing countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/rem.21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nnanake‐Abasi O. Offiong
- International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR)University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Uyo Uyo Nigeria
| | - Edu J. Inam
- International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR)University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Uyo Uyo Nigeria
| | - Helen S. Etuk
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Uyo Uyo Nigeria
| | - Joseph P. Essien
- International Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Research (ICEESR)University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Uyo Uyo Nigeria
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Adjei JK, Essumang DK, Twumasi E, Nyame E, Muah I. Levels and risk assessment of residual phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and semi-volatile chlorinated organic compounds in toilet tissue papers. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1263-1272. [PMID: 31788437 PMCID: PMC6880014 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and semi-volatile chlorinated organic compounds (SVCOC) in toilet tissue papers may be detrimental to the health of consumers upon exposure. This study therefore, sought to investigate the levels of these toxicants in toilet tissue papers on the Ghanaian market and the associated risk of exposure. The study also sought to conduct source apportionments for analytes. A total of 32 composite toilet tissue samples from 8 different brands were analysed in replicates for PAHs, phthalates and SVCOCs. Analysis was conducted using Shimadzu GCMS QP 2020 with the MS operated in SIM mode. The results showed elevated levels of PAHs, phthalates, and appreciable levels of SVCOCs in the toilets tissue papers. The risk assessment conducted, showed an associated elevated cancer risk >10−4 for PAHs in all samples and DEHP in samples NN, BB and SF. The risk associated with the levels of carcinogenic SVCOCs were found to be > 10-5 but < 10−4.The hazard indices (HI) calculated for non-cancer effects, showed risk levels < 1.0 for phthalates in most toilet paper samples except for samples BB and SF. The HI recorded for chlorophenols were all <1. Cumulatively, these values suggested elevated cancer and non-cancer risk associated with the dermal use of the toilet tissue papers on the Ghanaian market. The PCA-MLR source apportionment suggested two significant sources of SVOCs in the toilet tissue papers. PAHs, phthalates and 2-chloronaphthalene were of one source (oil base source) whereas SVCOCs were of another source (bleaching process).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Nyame
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ishmael Muah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Asamoah A, Nikbakht Fini M, Essumang DK, Muff J, Søgaard EG. PAHs contamination levels in the breast milk of Ghanaian women from an e-waste recycling site and a residential area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:347-354. [PMID: 30970497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast milk samples from 128 primipararae and multiparae Ghanaian women were screened for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from 2014 and 2016. These were breast milk from women residing or working around an electronic waste recycling site and a reference area (a residential area). This research is aimed at assessing PAHs levels in human milk samples from some Ghanaian mothers, prediction of the sources of these PAHs and the probable carcinogenic and mutagenic risks to infants. PAHs in the breast milk were analyzed using a gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). A total of 18 PAH congeners were identified in the human milk samples with a total range between <LOD and 15,936.57 ng/g lipid wt and an overall mean of 1105.63 ng/g lipid wt. In general, the mean concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs were appreciably greater than the high molecular weight PAHs in the breast milk samples. Naphthalene recorded the highest mean concentrations of 1026.52 ng/g lipid wt and 78.73 ng/g lipid wt for both e-waste and residential areas, respectively. Naphthalene contributed 77.4% of the total PAHs in the milk samples. Most of the high molecular weight PAHs were below the limit of detection in milk samples from Kwabenya (a residential area) but were detected in the milk samples from Agbogbloshie (e-waste recycling site). The diagnostic ratio tests in this study suggest that most of the PAHs in the milk samples are originating from pyrogenic sources. Risk assessment for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity on infants based on this study were 1.1 × 10-5 and 1.9 × 10-5, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Asamoah
- Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Chemistry and Environmental Research Centre, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Mahdi Nikbakht Fini
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Chemical Engineering, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - David Kofi Essumang
- University of Cape Coast, Department of Chemistry, Environmental Research Group, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jens Muff
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Chemical Engineering, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Erik Gydesen Søgaard
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Chemical Engineering, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Kaplan Ince O, Ince M. Using Box-Behnken design approach to investigate benzo[ a]anthracene formation in smoked cattle meat samples and its' risk assessment. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1287-1294. [PMID: 30956308 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In present study, a novel approach was selected for benzo[a]anthracene determination from smoked cattle meat samples using solid phase extraction under various experimental conditions. To optimize experimental variables, a three factor, three-level Box-Behnken experimental design combining with response surface methodology and quadratic programming were employed to prevent excessive amount of benzo[a]anthracene formation in smoked meat based on different experimental parameters. The influence of some important process parameters including cooking time (10-30 min), fat ratio (5-25%) and distance to the cooking source (5-25 cm), which significantly affected the formation efficiency of benzo[a]anthracene were optimized. The analysis of variance was conducted for specifying the interactions of independent variables. The independent and the dependent variables interactions were investigated. The quadratic regression model and the response surface contour plots were used to determine optimum values for the selected variables. The results of study revealed that optimum cooking time of smoked cattle meat was determined as 24.9 min, fat ratio 7.9% and the distance to the cooking source 21.8 cm. Under optimum conditions, minimum benzo[a]anthracene was formed in meat and its amount was determined using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometer as qualitative and quantitative. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were calculated as 0.4 µg kg-1 and 1.1 µg kg-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Kaplan Ince
- 1Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Ince
- 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Munzur University, 62000 Tunceli, Turkey
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El-Naggar M, Younis AM, Amin HF, Ahmed OM, Mosleh YY. Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals Contamination in the Egyptian Smoked Herring ( Clupea harengus). Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1555173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Naggar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa M. Younis
- Department of Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Hesham F. Amin
- Department of Fish Processing and Technology, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Omaima M. Ahmed
- Department of Fish Processing and Technology, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Yahia Y. Mosleh
- Department of Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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12
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Adetunde OT, Mills GA, Oluseyi TO, Oyeyiola AO, Olayinka KO, Alo BI. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Vegetables Grown on Contaminated Soils in a Sub-Saharan Tropical Environment – Lagos, Nigeria. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1517807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Temilola. O. Oluseyi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Aderonke O. Oyeyiola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde O. Olayinka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babajide I. Alo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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13
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Tong R, Yang X, Su H, Pan Y, Zhang Q, Wang J, Long M. Levels, sources and probabilistic health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the agricultural soils from sites neighboring suburban industries in Shanghai. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1365-1373. [PMID: 29074242 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The levels, sources and quantitative probabilistic health risks for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soils in the vicinity of power, steel and petrochemical plants in the suburbs of Shanghai are discussed. The total concentration of 16 PAHs in the soils ranges from 223 to 8214ng g-1. The sources of PAHs were analyzed by both isomeric ratios and a principal component analysis-multiple linear regression method. The results indicate that PAHs mainly originated from the incomplete combustion of coal and oil. The probabilistic risk assessments for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks posed by PAHs in soils with adult farmers as concerned receptors were quantitatively calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. The estimated total carcinogenic risks (TCR) for the agricultural soils has a 45% possibility of exceeding the acceptable threshold value (10-6), indicating potential adverse health effects. However, all non-carcinogenic risks are below the threshold value. Oral intake is the dominant exposure pathway, accounting for 77.7% of TCR, while inhalation intake is negligible. The three PAHs with the highest contribution for TCR are BaP (64.35%), DBA (17.56%) and InP (9.06%). Sensitivity analyses indicate that exposure frequency has the greatest impact on the total risk uncertainty, followed by the exposure dose through oral intake and exposure duration. These results indicate that it is essential to manage the health risks of PAH-contaminated agricultural soils in the vicinity of typical industries in megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Tong
- School of Resources & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Yang
- School of Resources & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hanrui Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yue Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qiuzhuo Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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Miao Y, Kong X, Li C. Distribution, sources, and toxicity assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils of a heavy industrial city, Liuzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:164. [PMID: 29470635 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a heavy industrial city, Liuzhou has been facing a serious pollution problem. It is necessary to take steps to control and prevent environmental pollution wherever possible. Surface soil samples were collected from four communities in Liuzhou City, to determine the concentrations, distributions, sources, and toxicity potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present. The mean concentrations of total PAHs in the surface soil are 756.43 ng/g for the heavy industrial area, 605.06 ng/g for the industrial area, 481.24 ng/g for the commercial-cum-residential area, and 49.93 ng/g for the rural area. Both the isomer ratio and principal component analyses for the PAHs prove that these pollutants originate mainly from coal, diesel, gasoline, and natural gas combustion. The pollution hierarchies and toxic equivalency factor of BaP prove that the city is subject to heavy pollution caused by industry, transportation, and daily human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Land and Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.50, Qixing Rd., Guilin, 541004, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangsheng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Land and Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, No.50, Qixing Rd., Guilin, 541004, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengxi Li
- Geological Exploration Institute of Shandong Zhengyuan, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
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Jiao H, Wang Q, Zhao N, Jin B, Zhuang X, Bai Z. Distributions and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils around a Chemical Plant in Shanxi, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101198. [PMID: 28991219 PMCID: PMC5664699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Yearly the Shanxi coal chemical industry extracts many coal resources, producing at the same time many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are emitted as by-products of coal incomplete combustion. Methods: Sixty-six soil samples collected from 0 to 100 cm vertical sections of three different agricultural (AS), roadside (RS) and park (PS) functional soils around a chemical plant in Shanxi, China were analyzed for the presence of the 16 priority control PAHs. Results: The total concentrations (∑16PAHs) varied in a range of 35.4–116 mg/kg, 5.93–66.5 mg/kg and 3.87–76.0 mg/kg for the RS, PS and AS surface soil, respectively, and 5-ring PAHs were found to be dominant (44.4–49.0%), followed by 4-ring PAHs (15.9–24.5%). Moreover, the average value of ∑16PAHs decreased with the depth, 7.87 mg/kg (0–25 cm), 4.29 mg/kg (25–50 cm), 3.00 mg/kg (50–75 cm), 2.64 mg/kg (75–100 cm) respectively, in PS and AS soil vertical sections. Conclusions: The PAH levels in the studied soils were the serious contamination level (over 1.00 mg/kg) according to the Soils Quality Guidelines. The carcinogenic PAHs (ΣBPAHsBapeq) were approximately 14.8 times higher than the standard guideline level (0.60 mg/kg) and 90.3% of PAHs were produced by coal/wood/grass combustion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Jiao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China.
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China.
| | - Nana Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China.
| | - Bo Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Environment & Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Environment & Resources, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Venkateswarlu K, Lee YB, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils: Technological constraints, emerging trends and future directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:944-968. [PMID: 27823779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, the primary focus of environmental experts has been to adopt risk-based management approaches to cleanup PAH polluted sites that pose potentially destructive ecological consequences. This focus had led to the development of several physical, chemical, thermal and biological technologies that are widely implementable. Established remedial options available for treating PAH contaminated soils are incineration, thermal conduction, solvent extraction/soil washing, chemical oxidation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation, composting/biopiles and bioreactors. Integrating physico-chemical and biological technologies is also widely practiced for better cleanup of PAH contaminated soils. Electrokinetic remediation, vermiremediation and biocatalyst assisted remediation are still at the development stage. Though several treatment methods to remediate PAH polluted soils currently exist, a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies to date is necessary so that the right technology for field-level success is chosen. The objective of this review is to provide a critical overview in this respect, focusing only on the treatment options available for field soils and ignoring the spiked ones. The authors also propose the development of novel multifunctional green and sustainable systems like mixed cell culture system, biosurfactant flushing, transgenic approaches and nanoremediation in order to overcome the existing soil- contaminant- and microbial-associated technological limitations in tackling high molecular weight PAHs. The ultimate objective is to ensure the successful remediation of long-term PAH contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kuppusamy
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia.
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515055, India
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Liu X, Bai Z, Yu Q, Cao Y, Zhou W. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the soil profiles (0–100 cm) from the industrial district of a large open-pit coal mine, China. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02484c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining and industrial activities are the primary sources of soil pollution in the open-pit coal mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
| | - Zhongke Bai
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
| | - Qinfei Yu
- Chinese Academy of Land & Resource Economics
- Beijing 101149
- PR China
- Guanghua School of Management
- Peking University
| | - Yingui Cao
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Land Science and Technology
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing)
- Beijing 100083
- PR China
- Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation
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18
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Kumar B, Verma VK, Tyagi J, Sharma CS, Akolkar AB. Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residential Soils from National Capital Region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1048893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupander Kumar
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - V. K. Verma
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - C. S. Sharma
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
| | - A. B. Akolkar
- Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, India
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In-cell clean-up pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of hydrophobic persistent and emerging organic pollutants in coastal sediments. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:107-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shi B, Wu Q, Ouyang H, Liu X, Zhang J, Zuo W. Distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface soil of Baise, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:232. [PMID: 25850993 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To estimate the distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soils of Baise, in southwest China, soil sampling sites were selected from industry, traffic, rubbish, gas station, residential, and suburban areas for analysis of PAHs. The average concentrations of ∑16PAHs in the present study varied significantly, depending on the sampling location, and ranged from 16.8 to 6,437.0 μg/kg (dry weight basis), with a mean value of 565.8 μg/kg. PAH concentrations decreased significantly along the industry-traffic-rubbish-gas station-residential-suburban transect. The PAH profiles in the surface soil of the different areas imply that either source proximity to the sampling sites, or transport and deposition effects influenced PAH distributions. Two diagnostic ratios were selected and used to apportion PAH sources in the surface soil, and bivariate plots show general trends of covariation. Principal component analysis and multivariate linear regression were used to determine the primary sources and their contributions of PAHs to the soils. The model showed that factors 1 (coal and wood combustion) and 2 (petroleum combustion) contributed over 52.1 and 32.5% of the total source of soil PAHs, respectively. The remaining 15.4% came from evaporative and uncombusted petroleum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingfang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Baise University, 21 2nd Zhongshan Road, Baise City, Guangxi, 533000, China,
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21
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Kafeelah AY, Lucy NE, Kafayat AF, Shehu LA, Julius IA, Titus OO. Influence of fish smoking methods on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content and possible risks to human health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajfs2014.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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22
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Bortey-Sam N, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Akoto O, Yohannes YB, Baidoo E, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:471-478. [PMID: 25108249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a developing country, the economic and population growth rates in Ghana over the past few years have seen a tremendous increase. The growing rate of industrialization is gradually leading to contamination and deterioration of the environment and pollution is likely to reach disturbing levels. Surface soil samples were collected randomly from 36 communities in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana, to determine the concentrations, distribution, sources and toxic potential of emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) since no such comprehensive study had been conducted. The mean concentration of total PAHs in the surface soils in each community ranged from 14.78 at Ahinsan to 2084 ng/g dry weight at Adum with an average of 442.5 ± 527.2 ng/g dry weight. Diagnostic ratios and chemical mass balance models of the results showed that PAHs in surface soil samples from the study area were mainly from fuel combustion. Carcinogenic potency of PAH load from the city centre was approximately 150 times higher as compared to a pristine site, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology's Botanical Garden. BaP, a human carcinogen, contributed 70% of the total PAHs toxicity level from the city centre of Kumasi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yared Beyene Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Elvis Baidoo
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Levy W, Brena B, Henkelmann B, Bernhöft S, Pirez M, González-Sapienza G, Schramm KW. Screening of dioxin-like compounds by complementary evaluation strategy utilising ELISA, micro-EROD, and HRGC-HRMS in soil and sediments from Montevideo, Uruguay. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1036-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Kumar B, Verma VK, Kumar S, Sharma CS. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residential Soils from an Indian City near Power Plants Area and Assessment of Health Risk for Human Population. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.883414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ngo VV, Michel J, Gujisaite V, Latifi A, Simonnot MO. Parameters describing nonequilibrium transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through contaminated soil columns: estimability analysis, correlation, and optimization. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2014; 158:93-109. [PMID: 24522237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The soil and groundwater at former industrial sites polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produce a very challenging environmental issue. The description of PAH transport by means of mathematical models is therefore needed for risk assessment and remediation strategies at these sites. Due to the complexity of release kinetics and transport behavior of the PAHs in the aged contaminated soils, their transport is usually evaluated at the laboratory scale. Transport parameters are then estimated from the experimental data via the inverse method. To better assess the uncertainty of optimized parameters, an estimability method was applied to firstly investigate the information content of experimental data and the possible correlations among parameters in the two-site sorption model. These works were based on the concentrations of three PAHs, Acenaphthene (ACE), Fluoranthene (FLA) and Pyrene (PYR), in the leaching solutions of the experiments under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. The estimability results showed that the experiment under unsaturated flow conditions contained more information content for estimating four transport parameters than under the saturated one. In addition, whatever the experimental conditions for all three PAHs the fraction of sites with instantaneous sorption, f, was highly correlated with the adsorption distribution coefficient, Kd. The very strong correlation between the two parameters f and Kd suggests that they should not be simultaneously calibrated. Transport parameters were optimized using HYDRUS-1D software with different scenarios based on the estimability analysis results. The optimization results were not always reliable, especially in the case of the experiment under saturated flow conditions because of its low information content. In addition, the estimation of transport parameters became very uncertain if two parameters f and Kd were optimized simultaneously. The findings of the current work can suggest some reasons behind the optimization problems and indicate the type of experimental information additionally needed for parameter identification. To overcome the parameterization issues of PAH non-equilibrium transport, the experimental design, timescale, and model refinement need further improvement. The conclusions presented in this paper are not limited necessarily to PAHs, but may also be relevant to other organic contaminants with similar leaching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet V Ngo
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Julien Michel
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Unité "Comportement des contaminants dans les sols et matériaux", Parc Technologique Alata, BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Valérie Gujisaite
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Abderrazak Latifi
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Odile Simonnot
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Ping L, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhu Y, He H, Wu M, Tang T, Li Z, Zhao H. Isolation and characterization of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Klebsiella pneumonia PL1 and its potential use in bioremediation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3819-28. [PMID: 24389667 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are hard to degrade, are the main pollutants in the environment. Degradation of PAHs in the environment is becoming more necessary and urgent. In the current study, strain PL1 with degradation capability of pyrene (PYR) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from soil and identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae by morphological and physiological characteristics as well as 16S rDNA sequence. With the presence of 20 mg L⁻¹ PYR and 10 mg L⁻¹ BaP in solution, the strain PL1 could degrade 63.4 % of PYR and 55.8 % of BaP in 10 days, respectively. The order of biodegradation of strain PL1 was pH 7.0 > pH 8.0 > pH 10.0 > pH 6.0 > pH 5.0. Strain PL1 degradation ability varied in different soil. The half-life of PYR in soil was respectively 16.9, 24.9, and 88.9 days in paddy soil, red soil, and fluvo-aquic soil by PL1 degradation; however, the half-lives of BaP were respectively 9.5, 9.5, and 34.0 days in paddy soil, red soil, and fluvo-aquic soil by PL1 degradation. The results demonstrate that the degradation capability on PYR and BaP by PL1 in paddy soil was relatively good, and K. pneumoniae PL1 was the new degradation bacterium of PYR and BaP. K. pneumoniae PL1 has potential application in PAH bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ping
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China,
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Adetunde OT, Mills GA, Olayinka KO, Alo BI. Assessment of occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via involuntary ingestion of soil from contaminated soils in Lagos, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2014; 49:1661-1671. [PMID: 25320853 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2014.951223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soils from 12 sites in Lagos area, Nigeria impacted by anthropogenic activities were extracted by ultrasonication and analysed for the concentration of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The concentration of the sum of PAHs ranged from 0.2 to 254 μg/g at these sites. The sum benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent dose (BaPeq) at the sites ranged from 0.0 (K, forest soil) to 16.7 μg/g (C, the lubricating oil depot soil). Mean daily intake (MDI) for the composite soils samples when compared that of food revealed that some of the individual PAH in samples from sites A (Dump site), C (Depot and loading point for used for black oil), F (Dump site), G(petroleum depot), H (Roadside) and L (Car park) exceeded the recommended the recommended MDI threshold for food, indicating some risk associated with activities on these sites based on this ingestion estimate exceeded value. 8.2 × 10(-6), 7.1 × 10(-7), 1.2 × 10(-4), 4.9 × 10(-7), 7.3 × 10(-7), 1.4 × 10(-5), 7.9 × 10(-5), 4.6 × 10(-6), 3.4 × 10(-7), 2.4 × 10(-7), 2.2 × 10(-7) and 1.1 × 10(-4) estimated theoretical cancer risk (ER) for an adult with a body weight of 70 kg working on sites were composite soil samples A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L respectively were sampled. The ER from occupational exposure to surface soil based on oral ingestion were all higher than the target risk of 1 × 10(-6) for normal exposure but were all within the 1 × 10(-4) for extreme exposure for most of the sites except for site C and L. The differences in concentration and risk were related to the different activities (e.g., handling of petroleum products, open burning, bush burning) undertaken at these locations. However, it should be noted here that the resultant risk could be overestimated, since these calculations were based on an exhaustive extraction technique which may be different from uptake by the human guts (bioavailability study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin T Adetunde
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Lagos Akoka , Yaba , Lagos , Nigeria
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Wang XT, Miao Y, Zhang Y, Li YC, Wu MH, Yu G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils of the megacity Shanghai: occurrence, source apportionment and potential human health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 447:80-9. [PMID: 23376519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation was conducted to the urban soil in the megacity Shanghai in order to assess the levels of PAHs and potential risks to human health, to identify and quantitatively assess source contributions to the soil PAHs. A total of 57 soil samples collected in main urban areas of Shanghai, China were analyzed for 26 PAHs including highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers. The total concentrations ranged from 133 to 8,650 ng g for ΣPAHs and 83.3 to 7,220 ng g for ΣPAHs, with mean values of 2420 and 1,970 ng g, respectively. DBalP and DBaeP may serve as markers for diesel vehicle emission, while DBahP is a probable marker of coke tar as distinct from diesel emissions. Six sources in Shanghai urban area were identified by PMF model; their relative contributions to the total soil PAH burden were 6% for petrogenic sources, 21% for coal combustion, 13% for biomass burning, 16% for creosote, 23% for coke tar related sources and 21% for vehicular emissions, respectively. The benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaP) concentrations ranged from 48.9-2,580 ng g for ΣPAHs, 7.02-869 ng g for ΣPAHs and 35.7-1,990 ng g for ΣDBPs. The BaP concentrations of ΣDBPs made up 72% of ΣPAHs. Nearly half of the soil samples showed concentrations above the safe BaP value of 600 ng g. Exposure to these soils through direct contact probably poses a significant risk to human health from carcinogenic effects of soil PAHs. The index of additive cancer risk (IACR) values in almost one third of urban soil samples were more than the safe value of 1.0, indicating these urban soil PAHs in the study area may pose a potential threat to potable groundwater water quality from leaching of carcinogenic PAH mixtures from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Bull S, Collins C. Promoting the use of BaP as a marker for PAH exposure in UK soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2013; 35:101-109. [PMID: 22661331 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-012-9462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that frequently accumulate in soils. There is therefore a requirement to determine their levels in contaminated environments for the purposes of determining impacts on human health. PAHs are a suite of individual chemicals, and there is an ongoing debate as to the most appropriate method for assessing the risk to humans from them. Two methods predominate: the surrogate marker approach and the toxic equivalency factor. The former assumes that all chemicals in a mixture have an equivalent toxicity. The toxic equivalency approach estimates the potency of individual chemicals relative to the usually most toxic Benzo(a)pyrene. The surrogate marker approach is believed to overestimate risk and the toxic equivalency factor to underestimate risk. When analysing the risks from soils, the surrogate marker approach is preferred due to its simplicity, but there are concerns because of the potential diversity of the PAH profile across the range of impacted soils. Using two independent data sets containing soils from 274 sites across a diverse range of locations, statistical analysis was undertaken to determine the differences in the composition of carcinogenic PAH between site locations, for example, rural versus industrial. Following principal components analysis, distinct population differences were not seen between site locations in spite of large differences in the total PAH burden between individual sites. Using all data, highly significant correlations were seen between BaP and other carcinogenic PAH with the majority of r (2) values > 0.8. Correlations with the European Food Standards Agency (EFSA) summed groups, that is, EFSA2, EFSA4 and EFSA8 had even higher correlations (r (2) > 0.95). We therefore conclude that BaP is a suitable surrogate marker to represent mixtures of PAH in soil during risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bull
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Agency, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
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Kumar B, Verma VK, Kumar S, Sharma CS. Probabilistic health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from a tropical city of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:1253-63. [PMID: 23647116 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.776894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soils, and their risk for humans was evaluated and presented in this article. The average concentration of ∑16PAHs, ∑carcinogenic PAHs, ∑28PCBs and ∑dioxin-like PCBs was 631.6 ± 244.5 μg kg(-1), 568.8 ± 238.8 μg kg(-1), 11.57 ± 2.00 μg kg(-1) and 2.58 ± 0.34 μg kg(-1), respectively. Environmental and human health risk assessment parameters such as benzo(a)pyrene total potency equivalent (BaP TPE), index of additive cancer risk (IACR), life time average daily dose (LADD) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) have been estimated and discussed. The average benzo(a)pyrene total potency equivalent (BaP TPE) estimate was 0.194 mg kg(-1) and ranging between 8.9×10(-4) to 0.87 mg kg(-1). The incremental life time cancer risk (ILCR) of PAHs through soil ingestion for adults and children was estimated as 8.1×10(-6) and 4.2×10(-5), respectively. However, the cancer risk (ILCR) from non-dioxin-like PCBs and dioxin-like PCBs for adults and children ranged between 3.31×10(-8) to 1.741×10(-7) and 1.46×10(-5) to 7.56×10(-5), respectively. These estimated risks were lower than acceptable limits, based on incremental cancer risk from soil exposure. Overall, index of additive cancer risk (IACR) and hazard quotient (HQ) for PAHs and PCBs was lower than safe limit of 1, indicating no environmental and human health risk from PAHs and PCBs in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupander Kumar
- National Reference Trace Organics Laboratory, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, India. Bhupander
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Ortiz R, Vega S, Gutiérrez R, Gibson R, Schettino B, Ramirez MDL. Presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in top soils from rural terrains in Mexico City. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:428-432. [PMID: 22037630 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A soil survey was carried out to determine the levels and sources and concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 2 semi-rural terrains in Mexico City (Tlahuac and Milpa Alta) during 2008-2009. PAH determination was made by Soxhlet extraction and chromatographic clean-up with final analysis by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The concentrations in Tlahuac were 9.13 mg/kg (dry season) and 11.22 mg/kg (wet season) and in Milpa Alta were 11.43 mg/kg (dry season) and 35.77 mg/kg (wet season). The variation of total PAH concentrations are due to environmental and anthropogenic conditions within Mexico City and also the addition of compost to the soils. According to Mexican regulations BaP, DaA, BbF and Ind were within the permissible limit (2 mg/kg) for agricultural and residential soils and BkF was close to the limit (8 mg/kg). The total PAH concentrations do however surpass the permissible European limit of 1,000 μg/kg and there is probably some risk to human health, in spite of measures aimed at decreasing contamination in Mexico City. Long term monitoring of soils will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutilio Ortiz
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100. Colonia Villa Quietud, 04960, Coyoacán, México D.F., Mexico.
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Schleit J, Wall VZ, Simko M, Kaeberlein M. The MDT-15 subunit of mediator interacts with dietary restriction to modulate longevity and fluoranthene toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28036. [PMID: 22132200 PMCID: PMC3221695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), the limitation of calorie intake while maintaining proper nutrition, has been found to extend life span and delay the onset of age-associated disease in a wide range of species. Previous studies have suggested that DR can reduce the lethality of environmental toxins. To further examine the role of DR in toxin response, we measured life spans of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans treated with the mutagenic polyaromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene (FLA). FLA is a direct byproduct of combustion, and is one of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's sixteen priority environmental toxins. Treatment with 5 µg/ml FLA shortened the life spans of ad libitum fed nematodes, and DR resulted in increased sensitivity to FLA. To determine the role of detoxifying enzymes in the toxicity of FLA, we tested nematodes with mutations in the gene encoding the MDT-15 subunit of mediator, a transcriptional coactivator that regulates genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and detoxification. Mutation of mdt-15 increased the life span of FLA treated animals compared to wild-type animals with no difference observed between DR and ad libitum fed mdt-15 animals. We also examined mutants with altered insulin-IGF-1-like signaling (IIS), which is known to modulate life span and stress resistance in C. elegans independently of DR. Mutation of the genes coding for the insulin-like receptor DAF-2 or the FOXO-family transcription factor DAF16 did not alter the animals' susceptibility to FLA compared to wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that certain compounds have increased toxicity when combined with a DR regimen through increased metabolic activation. This increased metabolic activation appears to be mediated through the MDT-15 transcription factor and is independent of the IIS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schleit
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Valerie Z. Wall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marissa Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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