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Liu C, Zhou G, Qin H, Guan Y, Wang T, Ni W, Xie H, Xing Y, Tian G, Lyu M, Liu J, Wang F, Xu X, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Ge S. Metabolomics combined with physiology and transcriptomics reveal key metabolic pathway responses in apple plants exposure to different selenium concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132953. [PMID: 37952334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) can be absorbed by plants, thereby affects plant physiological activity, interferes gene expression, alters metabolite content and influences plant growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the plant response to Se remains unclear. In this study, apple plants were exposed to Se at concentrations of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 μM. Low concentrations of Se promoted plant growth, while high Se concentrations (≥24 μM) reduced photosynthesis, disturbed carbon and nitrogen metabolism, damaged the antioxidant system, and ultimately inhibited plant growth. The transcriptome and metabolome revealed that Se mainly affected three pathways, namely the 'biosynthesis of amino acids', 'starch and sucrose metabolism', and 'phenylpropanoid biosynthesis' pathways. 9 μM Se improved the synthesis, catabolism and utilization of amino acids and sugars, ultimately promoted plant growth. However, 24 μM Se up-regulated the related genes expression of PK, GPT, P5CS, SUS, SPS and CYP98A, and accumulated a large number of osmoregulation substances, such as citric acid, L-proline, D-sucrose and chlorogenic acid in the roots, ultimately affected the balance between plant growth and defense. In conclusion, this study reveals new insights into the key metabolic pathway in apple plants responses to Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Guangjin Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hanhan Qin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yafei Guan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hongmei Xie
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yue Xing
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ge Tian
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Mengxue Lyu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Fen Wang
- College of Seed and Facility Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Xinxiang Xu
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Zhanling Zhu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Taian 271018, China.
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2
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Qu L, Xu J, Dai Z, Elyamine AM, Huang W, Han D, Dang B, Xu Z, Jia W. Selenium in soil-plant system: Transport, detoxification and bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131272. [PMID: 37003006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans and a beneficial element for plants. However, high Se doses always exhibit hazardous effects. Recently, Se toxicity in plant-soil system has received increasing attention. This review will summarize (1) Se concentration in soils and its sources, (2) Se bioavailability in soils and influencing factors, (3) mechanisms on Se uptake and translocation in plants, (4) toxicity and detoxification of Se in plants and (5) strategies to remediate Se pollution. High Se concentration mainly results from wastewater discharge and industrial waste dumping. Selenate (Se [VI]) and selenite (Se [IV]) are the two primary forms absorbed by plants. Soil conditions such as pH, redox potential, organic matter and microorganisms will influence Se bioavailability. In plants, excessive Se will interfere with element uptake, depress photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, generate oxidative damages and cause genotoxicity. Plants employ a series of strategies to detoxify Se, such as activating antioxidant defense systems and sequestrating excessive Se in the vacuole. In order to alleviate Se toxicity to plants, some strategies can be applied, including phytoremediation, OM remediation, microbial remediation, adsorption technique, chemical reduction technology and exogenous substances (such as Methyl jasmonate, Nitric oxide and Melatonin). This review is expected to expand the knowledge of Se toxicity/detoxicity in soil-plant system and offer valuable insights into soils Se pollution remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiayang Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihua Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ali Mohamed Elyamine
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wuxing Huang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dan Han
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingjun Dang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zicheng Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Nagdalian AA, Blinov AV, Siddiqui SA, Gvozdenko AA, Golik AB, Maglakelidze DG, Rzhepakovsky IV, Kukharuk MY, Piskov SI, Rebezov MB, Shah MA. Effect of selenium nanoparticles on biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:6453. [PMID: 37081125 PMCID: PMC10119286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.) We used seeds of Hordéum vulgáre L. with reduced morphofunctional characteristics. For the experiment, Se NPs were synthesized and stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. It was found that Se NPs have a spherical shape and a diameter of about 50 nm. According to dynamic light scattering data, the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles was 28 ± 8 nm. It is observed that the nanoparticles have a positive ζ-potential (+ 27.3 mV). For the experiment, we treated Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L). The experiment showed that treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with Se NPs has the best effect on the length of roots and sprout at concentration of 5 mg/L and on the number and thickness of roots at 10 mg/L. Germinability and germination energy of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds were higher in group treated with 5 mg/L Se NPs. Analysis of macrophotographs of samples, histological sections of roots and 3D visualization of seeds by microcomputing tomography confirmed the best effect at 5 mg/L Se NPs. Moreover, no local destructions were detected at concentrations > 5 mg/L, which is most likely due to the inhibition of regulatory and catalytic processes in the germinating seeds. the treatment of Hordéum vulgáre L. seeds with > 5 mg/L Se NPs caused significant stress, coupled with intensive formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to a reorientation of root system growth towards thickening. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that Se NPs at concentrations > 5 mg/L had a toxic effect. The treatment of barley seeds with 5% Se NPs showed maximum efficiency in the experiment, which allows us to further consider Se NPs as a stimulator for the growth and development of crop seeds under stress and reduced morphofunctional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.v.), Prof.-Von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maksim Borisovich Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics, Kabridahar University, Kabridahar, Post Box 250, Somali, Ethiopia.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
- School of Business, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 502345, India.
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Mohanty R, Nayak M, Sekar T, Thirunavoukkarasu M. Adsorption of Selenium and Lanthanum by Agrobacterium-mediated Hairy Roots of Hybanthus Enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell: A Greener Phytoremediation Strategy. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:54. [PMID: 36757451 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, phytoremediation potential of toxic metals like selenium (Se) and lanthanum (La) by transformed hairy roots was investigated and compared with plantlets under in-vitro conditions. Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4RS could induce hairy roots with higher biomass in 5-7 days of infection on in-vitro leaves of Hybanthus enneaspermus. The ICP-OES data indicated that the hairy roots were able to accumulate both selenium and lanthanum efficiently compared to plantlets. The hairy roots and plantlets show optimum absorption at 50 ppm under both individual and combined metal supply. The metal accumulation performances increased by 13.6% (La) and 10.9% (Se) in hairy roots with combined metal supply (La and Se) compared to individual supply (La or Se) conditions. The Se accumulated more than La, but the La accumulation percentage was found to increase substantially under combined metal supply conditions, shows the suitability and potential of hairy roots for phytoremediation of La and Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshnara Mohanty
- Chennai Zonal Laboratory, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, 600113, Chennai, India
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, 600030, Chennai, India
| | - Manoranjan Nayak
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, 201313, Noida, India.
| | - Thangavel Sekar
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, 600030, Chennai, India
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Hu T, Hui G, Li H, Guo Y. Selenium biofortification in Hericium erinaceus (Lion's Mane mushroom) and its in vitro bioaccessibility. Food Chem 2020; 331:127287. [PMID: 32563801 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is a traditional edible mushroom. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and other mammals. To develop a Se biofortification strategy for H. erinaceus, the effects of selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine (SeMet) on Se uptake and mushroom growth were investigated. Selenium bioaccessibility and the major Se species present in Se-enriched H. erinaceus were tested in vitro . The H. erinaceus growth was efficiently affected by SeMet than by selenite and selenate. Selenium concentrations in fruiting bodies increased with substrate Se concentration and disturbed accumulation of other microelements. Substrate Se was absorbed and transformed into organic forms. The major Se species in Se-enriched fruiting bodies was SeMet (>63.9%). During in vitro gastrointestinal digestion tests, 51% of total Se was released, and selenocystine (SeCys2 ) (90%) and Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) (76%) were more easily digested than SeMet (51%). H. erinaceus is suggested as a novel dietary source of supplemental bioavailable Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gaifang Hui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanbin Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li J, Lens PNL, Otero-Gonzalez L, Du Laing G. Production of selenium- and zinc-enriched Lemna and Azolla as potential micronutrient-enriched bioproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115522. [PMID: 32006774 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients that are often lacking in the diet of humans and animals, leading to deficiency diseases. Lemna and Azolla are two aquatic plants with a substantial protein content, which offer the possibility of utilizing them to remove Se and Zn from (waste)water while producing micronutrient-enriched dietary proteins and fertilizers. In this study, we explored interaction effects occurring between Se and Zn when these micronutrients are taken up by Azolla and Lemna. The two aquatic plants were grown on hydroponic cultures containing 0-5.0 mg/L of Se (Se(IV) or Se(VI)) and Zn. The Se and Zn content of the plants, growth indicators, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and Se/Zn removal efficiency from the water phase were evaluated. The results demonstrated that Se(IV) is more toxic than Se(VI) for both plant species, as evidenced by the remarkable decrease of biomass content and root length when exposed to Se(IV). Both aquatic plants took up around 10 times more Se(IV) than Se(VI) from the medium. Moreover, the Se accumulation and removal efficiency increased by 66-99% for Se(IV) and by 34-59% for Se(VI) in Lemna when increasing Zn dosage from 0 to 5.0 mg/L in the medium, whereas it declined by 13-26% for Se(IV) and 21-35% for Se(VI) in Azolla, suggesting a synergetic effect in Lemna, but an antagonistic effect in Azolla. The maximum BCF of Se in Lemna and Azolla were 507 and 667, respectively. The protein content in freeze-dried Lemna and Azolla was approximately 17%. The high tolerance and accumulation of Se and Zn in Lemna and Azolla, combined with their rapid growth, high protein content and transformation of inorganic to organic Se species upon Se(IV) exposure make Lemna and Azolla potential candidates for the production of Se(IV)- and Zn-enriched biomass that can be used as crop fertilizers or protein-rich food/feed supplements or ingredients. Accordingly, by growing the Azolla and Lemna on wastewater, a high-value product can be produced from wastewater while recovering resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lila Otero-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khalid S, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Rashid MI. A critical review of selenium biogeochemical behavior in soil-plant system with an inference to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 234:915-934. [PMID: 29253832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, although controversial for different plant species. There exists a narrow line between essential, beneficial and toxic levels of Se to living organisms which greatly varies with Se speciation, as well as the type of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor its solid- and solution-phase speciation, exposure levels and pathways to living organisms. Consumption of Se-laced food (cereals, vegetables, legumes and pulses) is the prime source of Se exposure to humans. Thus, it is imperative to assess the biogeochemical behavior of Se in soil-plant system with respect to applied levels and speciation, which ultimately affect Se status in humans. Based on available relevant literature, this review traces a plausible link among (i) Se levels, sources, speciation, bioavailability, and effect of soil chemical properties on selenium bioavailability/speciation in soil; (ii) role of different protein transporters in soil-root-shoot transfer of Se; and (iii) speciation, metabolism, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Se inside plants. The toxic and beneficial effects of Se to plants have been discussed with respect to speciation and toxic/deficient concentration of Se. We highlight the significance of various enzymatic (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (phytochelatins and glutathione) antioxidants which help combat Se-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review also delineates Se accumulation in edible plant parts from soils containing low or high Se levels; elucidates associated health disorders or risks due to the consumption of Se-deficient or Se-rich foods; discusses the potential role of Se in different human disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Mostofa MG, Hossain MA, Siddiqui MN, Fujita M, Tran LS. Phenotypical, physiological and biochemical analyses provide insight into selenium-induced phytotoxicity in rice plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:212-223. [PMID: 28324842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the phenotypical, physiological and biochemical changes of rice plants exposed to high selenium (Se) concentrations to gain an insight into Se-induced phytotoxicity. Results showed that exposure of rice plants to excessive Se resulted in growth retardation and biomass reduction in connection with the decreased levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble proteins. The reduced water status and an associated increase in sugar and proline levels indicated Se-induced osmotic stress in rice plants. Measurements of Se contents in roots, leaf sheaths and leaves revealed that Se was highly accumulated in leaves followed by leaf sheaths and roots. Se also potentiated its toxicity by impairing oxidative metabolism, as evidenced by enhanced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and lipid peroxidation product. Se toxicity also displayed a desynchronized antioxidant system by elevating the level of glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, whereas decreasing the level of ascorbic acid and the activities of catalase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase. Furthermore, Se triggered methylglyoxal toxicity by inhibiting the activities of glyoxalases I and II, particularly at higher concentrations of Se. Collectively, our results suggest that excessive Se caused phytotoxic effects on rice plants by inducing chlorosis, reducing sugar, protein and antioxidant contents, and exacerbating oxidative stress and methylglyoxal toxicity. Accumulation levels of Se, proline and glutathione could be considered as efficient biomarkers to indicate degrees of Se-induced phytotoxicity in rice, and perhaps in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Lam-Son Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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