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Mitra S, Saran RK, Srivastava S, Rensing C. Pesticides in the environment: Degradation routes, pesticide transformation products and ecotoxicological considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173026. [PMID: 38750741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Among rising environmental concerns, emerging contaminants constitute a variety of different chemicals and biological agents. The composition, residence time in environmental media, chemical interactions, and toxicity of emerging contaminants are not fully known, and hence, their regulation becomes problematic. Some of the important groups of emerging contaminants are pesticides and pesticide transformation products (PTPs), which present a considerable obstacle to maintaining and preserving ecosystem health. This review article aims to thoroughly comprehend the occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicological importance of pesticide transformation products (PTPs). The paper provides an overview of pesticides and PTPs as contaminants of emerging concern and discusses the modes of degradation of pesticides, their properties and associated risks. The degradation of pesticides, however, does not lead to complete destruction but can instead lead to the generation of PTPs. The review discusses the properties and toxicity of PTPs and presents the methods available for their detection. Moreover, the present study examines the existing regulatory framework and suggests the need for the development of new technologies for easy, routine detection of PTPs to regulate them effectively in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mitra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741245, WB, India
| | - R K Saran
- Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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Wu Y, Zhou Y, Jiao X, She Y, Zeng W, Cui H, Pan C. Development and inter-laboratory validation of analytical methods for glufosinate and its two metabolites in foods of plant origin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:663-674. [PMID: 36693955 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glufosinate is widely used to control various weeds. Glufosinate and its main metabolites have become the focus of attention because of their high water solubility and persistence in aquatic systems. Quantification of the agrochemical product and its metabolite residues is essential for the safety of agricultural products. In this study, a highly specific, simple method was developed to directly determine glufosinate and its metabolite residues in 21 plant origin foods by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and it was validated on 11 foods in five laboratories. Finally, the repeatability limit, reproducibility limit, and uncertainty of the method were calculated based on these validated data and used to support the more accurate detection results. Four different chromatographic columns were used to analyze three target compounds, and the anionic polar pesticide column showed the optimum separation and peak shape. Composition of the mobile phase, extraction solvent, and the clean-up procedure were optimized. The developed method was validated on 21 plant origin foods. The average recoveries were 74-115% for all matrices. The validation results of five laboratories showed this method had a good repeatability (RSDr < 9.5%) and reproducibility (RSDR < 18.9%). The method validation parameters met the requirements of guidance established by the European Union (EU) and China for pesticide residue analysis. This methodology can be used for a routine monitoring that performs well for glufosinate and its metabolite residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xun Jiao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenbo Zeng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hailan Cui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Western Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Yuan H, Li B, Wei J, Liu X, He Z. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 32 pyrethroid pesticides in fruits and vegetables: A comparative study. Food Chem 2023; 412:135578. [PMID: 36731238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, multi-residue analysis methods for 32 pyrethroids in fruit and vegetable samples were established in both GC-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS. The parameters that affecting the ionization efficiencies of pyrethroids in UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, including ion source temperature, in-source fragmentation, and mobile phase conditions were thoroughly investigated to guarantee better performance. These two techniques were comprehensively compared in terms of recovery, LOQ, linearity, and matrix effects. In general, UHPLC-MS/MS was found suitable for more pesticides than GC-MS/MS. Lower LOQs were obtained for most of the selected pyrethroids in UHPLC-MS/MS. Similar results were obtained in terms of recoveries and RSDs for the validated pesticides in fortification experiments. A total of 136 real samples were analyzed by both techniques, obtaining similar results. The results suggest that UHPLC-MS/MS offers a suitable alternative to GC-MS/MS in the routine analysis of pyrethroids in fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Jing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou 570311, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Zeying He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
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Zhuang M, Yao W, Han L, Bi Y, Qiao C, Lv X, Cao M, Xie H. Multivariate response surface methodology assisted modified QuEChERS method for the rapid determination of 39 pesticides and metabolites in medlar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115102. [PMID: 37311390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established for residue analysis of 39 pollutants (34 commonly used multi-class pesticides and 5 metabolites) in medlar matrices (fresh, dried, and medlar juice). Samples were extracted using water with 0.1 % formic acid: acetonitrile (5: 10, v/v). The phase-out salts and five different cleanup sorbents (including N-propyl ethylenediamine (PSA), octadecyl silane bonded silica gel (C18), graphitized carbon black (GCB), Carbon nanofiber (C-Fiber) and MWCNTs) were investigated to improve the purification efficiency. The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) study was employed for an optimal solution of the volume of extraction solvent, phase-out salt, and the purification sorbents for the analytical method. The average recoveries of the target analytes in the three medlar matrices ranged from 70 % to 119 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0 %-19.9 %. Screening of market samples (fresh and dried medlars) collected from the major producing regions in China showed that 15 pesticides and metabolites were detected in the samples at concentrations of 0.01-2.22 mg/kg, and none of which exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set in China. The results showed that the risk of food safety by consumption of medlar products caused by the use of pesticides was low. The validated method could be used for rapid and accurate screening of multi-class multi-pesticide residues in Medlar for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhuang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing 102500, China
| | - Lijun Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yingying Bi
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chengkui Qiao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
| | - Xinru Lv
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyuan Cao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hanzhong Xie
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Zeng W, An Q, Chen G, Pan C. Determination of Multi-pesticides Residues in Jasmine Flower and Its Scented Tea. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:48. [PMID: 36707471 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
For minor crops such as jasmine, the lack of pesticide registration and maximum residue limits are important issues that need to be solved in order to facilitate trading and ensure food safety. Meanwhile, reliable and quick analytical methods for multi-pesticide residues in these commodities are few, but required by various stakeholders. In this study, a method for detecting twenty-five most frequently used pesticides in jasmine flower and its scented tea by multi-plug filtration cleanup and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. The cleanup process was optimized and compared with the dispersive solid phase extraction procedure. The method was validated, showing that except for methomyl, recoveries of twenty-five pesticides were 64%-108%, with relative standard deviations (n = 5) of 0.33%-10%. The method was successfully applied to detect pesticide residues in marketed samples. The results showed that some flower and tea samples contained a combination of different pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zeng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanshun An
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Chen
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang L, Zhao M, Xiao M, Im MH, Abd El-Aty AM, Shao H, She Y. Recent Advances in the Recognition Elements of Sensors to Detect Pyrethroids in Food: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060402. [PMID: 35735550 PMCID: PMC9220870 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pyrethroids in food and the environment due to their excessive use and extensive application in the agriculture industry represents a significant threat to public health. Therefore, the determination of the presence of pyrethroids in foods by simple, rapid, and sensitive methods is warranted. Herein, recognition methods for pyrethroids based on electrochemical and optical biosensors from the last five years are reviewed, including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), chemiluminescence, biochemical, fluorescence, and colorimetric methods. In addition, recognition elements used for pyrethroid detection, including enzymes, antigens/antibodies, aptamers, and molecular-imprinted polymers, are classified and discussed based on the bioreceptor types. The current research status, the advantages and disadvantages of existing methods, and future development trends are discussed. The research progress of rapid pyrethroid detection in our laboratory is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ming Xiao
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China;
| | - Moo-Hyeog Im
- Department of Food Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea;
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Hua Shao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.Z.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.S.)
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