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Benbenishty J, Ashkenazy S, Ganz FD. End-of-life care in critical care is about more than just education - Response to Bloomer et al. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2024; 83:103710. [PMID: 38652935 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2024.103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Benbenishty
- Hebrew University, Faculty of Medicine and School of Nursing, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | - Freda DeKeyser Ganz
- Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and School of Nursing Jerusalem, Israel
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Wiencek C. Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit: The Standard of Care. AACN Adv Crit Care 2024; 35:112-124. [PMID: 38848570 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2024525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Intensive care unit-based palliative care has evolved over the past 30 years due to the efforts of clinicians, researchers, and advocates for patient-centered care. Although all critically ill patients inherently have palliative care needs, the path was not linear but rather filled with the challenges of blending the intensive care unit goals of aggressive treatment and cure with the palliative care goals of symptom management and quality of life. Today, palliative care is considered an essential component of high-quality critical care and a core competency of all critical care nurses, advanced practice nurses, and other intensive care unit clinicians. This article provides an overview of the current state of intensive care unit-based palliative care, examines how the barriers to such care have shifted, reviews primary and specialist palliative care, addresses the impact of COVID-19, and presents resources to help nurses and intensive care unit teams achieve optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clareen Wiencek
- Clareen Wiencek is Professor of Nursing, University of Virginia School of Nursing, 202 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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Schallenburger M, Schwartz J, Icks A, In der Schmitten J, Batzler YN, Meier S, Mendez-Delgado M, Tenge T, Neukirchen M. Triggers of intensive care patients with palliative care needs from nurses' perspective: a mixed methods study. Crit Care 2024; 28:181. [PMID: 38807236 PMCID: PMC11134896 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triggers have been developed internationally to identify intensive care patients with palliative care needs. Due to their work, nurses are close to the patient and their perspective should therefore be included. In this study, potential triggers were first identified and then a questionnaire was developed to analyse their acceptance among German intensive care nurses. METHODS For the qualitative part of this mixed methods study, focus groups were conducted with intensive care nurses from different disciplines (surgery, neurosurgery, internal medicine), which were selected by convenience. Data were analysed using the "content-structuring content analysis" according to Kuckartz. For the quantitative study part, the thus identified triggers formed the basis for questionnaire items. The questionnaire was tested for comprehensibility in cognitive pretests and for feasibility in a pilot survey. RESULTS In the qualitative part six focus groups were conducted at four university hospitals. From the data four main categories (prognosis, interprofessional cooperation, relatives, patients) with three to 15 subcategories each could be identified. The nurses described situations requiring palliative care consults that related to the severity of the disease, the therapeutic course, communication within the team and between team and patient/relatives, and typical characteristics of patients and relatives. In addition, a professional conflict between nurses and physicians emerged. The questionnaire, which was developed after six cognitive interviews, consists of 32 items plus one open question. The pilot had a response rate of 76.7% (23/30), whereby 30 triggers were accepted with an agreement of ≥ 50%. CONCLUSION Intensive care nurses see various triggers, with interprofessional collaboration and the patient's prognosis playing a major role. The questionnaire can be used for further surveys, e.g. interprofessional triggers could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schallenburger
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Schwartz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne (CIO ABCD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andrea Icks
- Institute of Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne (CIO ABCD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen In der Schmitten
- Institute of Family Medicine/General Practice, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yann-Nicolas Batzler
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Meier
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Miguel Mendez-Delgado
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresa Tenge
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Neukirchen
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology Aachen, Bonn, Cologne (CIO ABCD), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Edwardson S, Henderson S, Corr C, Clark C, Beatty M. Dying to be better: Outlining the growing benefits of palliative care training in intensive care medicine. J Intensive Care Soc 2024; 25:231-236. [PMID: 38737304 PMCID: PMC11086718 DOI: 10.1177/17511437231207478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A core part of an intensivist's work involves navigating the challenges of End of Life Care. While rates of survival from critical illness have gradually improved, 15%-20% of our patients die during their hospital admission, and a further 20% die within a year. 80% of our patients lack capacity to express their wishes with regard to treatment escalation planning. The critical care unit can be an excellent place to provide a good death, however the very nature of critical illness provides some obstacles to this. Prognostic uncertainty, time-pressured critical decision making, and lack of meaningful contact with a patient and their loved ones are but a few. In this article, we compare the ethos of critical care and palliative care medicine and explore how training in both of these specialities could be brought closer together and more formalised such that the intensivists of the future are more strongly equipped with the skills to shape a critical care unit to overcome these challenges and provide the best care to these patients, many of whom may be in the final phase of their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Edwardson
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Clair Clark
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Monika Beatty
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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5
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Benbenishty J, Ashkenazi S, Dekeyser-Ganz F. Nurse-led implementation of palliative care in the intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2024; 81:103600. [PMID: 38101212 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Benbenishty
- Hebrew University, Faculty of Medicine School of Nursing, Jerusalem, Israel; Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | | | - Freda Dekeyser-Ganz
- Nursing, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Mani RK, Bhatnagar S, Butola S, Gursahani R, Mehta D, Simha S, Divatia JV, Kumar A, Iyer SK, Deodhar J, Bhat RS, Salins N, Thota RS, Mathur R, Iyer RK, Gupta S, Kulkarni P, Murugan S, Nasa P, Myatra SN. Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine and Indian Association of Palliative Care Expert Consensus and Position Statements for End-of-life and Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:200-250. [PMID: 38477011 PMCID: PMC10926026 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
End-of-life care (EOLC) exemplifies the joint mission of intensive and palliative care (PC) in their human-centeredness. The explosion of technological advances in medicine must be balanced with the culture of holistic care. Inevitably, it brings together the science and the art of medicine in their full expression. High-quality EOLC in the ICU is grounded in evidence, ethical principles, and professionalism within the framework of the Law. Expert professional statements over the last two decades in India were developed while the law was evolving. Recent landmark Supreme Court judgments have necessitated a review of the clinical pathway for EOLC outlined in the previous statements. Much empirical and interventional evidence has accumulated since the position statement in 2014. This iteration of the joint Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine-Indian Association of Palliative Care (ISCCM-IAPC) Position Statement for EOLC combines contemporary evidence, ethics, and law for decision support by the bedside in Indian ICUs. How to cite this article Mani RK, Bhatnagar S, Butola S, Gursahani R, Mehta D, Simha S, et al. Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine and Indian Association of Palliative Care Expert Consensus and Position Statements for End-of-life and Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(3):200-250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Mani
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonology, Yashoda Super Specialty Hospital, Ghaziabad, Kaushambi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savita Butola
- Department of Palliative Care, Border Security Force Sector Hospital, Panisagar, Tripura, India
| | - Roop Gursahani
- Department of Neurology, P. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhvani Mehta
- Division of Health, Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy, New Delhi, India
| | - Srinagesh Simha
- Department of Palliative Care, Karunashraya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jigeeshu V Divatia
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Intensive Care, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Fortis Healthcare Ltd, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shiva K Iyer
- Department of Critical Care, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayita Deodhar
- Department Palliative Care, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajani S Bhat
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Palliative Medicine, SPARSH Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu S Thota
- Department Palliative Care, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roli Mathur
- Department of Bioethics, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajam K Iyer
- Department of Palliative Care, Bhatia Hospital; P. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sangeetha Murugan
- Department of Education and Research, Karunashraya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Nasa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, NMC Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheila N Myatra
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Schaden E, Dier H, Weixler D, Hasibeder W, Lenhart-Orator A, Roden C, Fruhwald S, Friesenecker B. [Comfort Terminal Care in the intensive care unit: recommendations for practice]. DIE ANAESTHESIOLOGIE 2024; 73:177-185. [PMID: 38315182 PMCID: PMC10920446 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-024-01382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The Working Group on Ethics in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology Resuscitation and Intensive Care Medicine (ÖGARI) already developed documentation tools for the adaption of therapeutic goals 10 years ago. Since then the practical implementation of Comfort Terminal Care in the daily routine in particular has raised numerous questions, which are discussed in this follow-up paper and answered in an evidence-based manner whenever possible. RESULTS The practical implementation of pain therapy and reduction of anxiety, stress and respiratory distress that are indicated in the context of Comfort Terminal Care are described in more detail. The measures that are not (or no longer) indicated, such as oxygen administration and ventilation as well as the administration of fluids and nutrition, are also commented on. Furthermore, recommendations are given regarding monitoring, (laboratory) findings and drug treatment and the importance of nursing actions in the context of Comfort Terminal Care is mentioned. Finally, the support for the next of kin and the procedure in the time after death are presented. DISCUSSION A change in treatment goals with a timely switch to Comfort Terminal Care enables good and humane care for seriously ill patients and their relatives at the end of life and the appreciation of their previous life with the possibility of positive experiences until the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schaden
- Universitätsklinik für Anästhesie, Allgemeine Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| | - Helga Dier
- Klinische Abteilung für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Österreich
| | - Dietmar Weixler
- Palliativkonsiliardienst und mobiles Palliativteam, Landesklinikum Horn-Allentsteig, Horn, Österreich
| | - Walter Hasibeder
- Abteilung für Anästhesie und Perioperative Intensivmedizin, St. Vinzenz Krankenhaus Betriebs GmbH Zams, Zams, Österreich
| | - Andrea Lenhart-Orator
- Abteilung für Anästhesie, Intensiv-, und Schmerzmedizin, Klinik Ottakring Wien; i.R., Wien, Österreich
| | - Christian Roden
- Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Palliativstation, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern Ried, Ried im Innkreis, Österreich
| | - Sonja Fruhwald
- Klinische Abteilung für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin 2, Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Österreich
| | - Barbara Friesenecker
- Universitätsklinik für Allgemeine und Chirurgische Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
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Choi HR, Ho MH, Lin CC. Futile life-sustaining treatment in the intensive care unit - nurse and physician experiences: meta-synthesis. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024; 14:36-46. [PMID: 38050047 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuing futile life-sustaining treatment prolongs patients' suffering and family members' and medical staff's psychological distress. Additionally, continuing futile treatment is inefficient in healthcare resource distribution. Although the withdrawal of futile life-sustaining treatment is ideal, the prevalence is variable. OBJECTIVE To synthesise nurses' and physicians' experiences with continuing futile life-sustaining treatment in the intensive care unit. DESIGN This meta-synthesis was conducted following the thematic synthesis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses and Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research statement were used in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research statements. METHODS AND DATA SOURCES A systematic search was conducted following the inclusion and exclusion criteria in APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science in May 2023. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data. The extracted data were analysed using thematic analysis of qualitative research. FINDINGS A total of 16 studies were finally included, and 141 quotes were extracted and analysed. The main findings were categorised into four themes: (1) contextual and cultural diversity, (2) perceptions of futile treatment, (3) professional roles and responsibilities, and (4) emotional distress. CONCLUSION The study highlights the influence of culture, religion and family members, as well as perceptions of futile treatment among clinicians, on continuing futile life-sustaining treatment. Also, nurses' awareness of their roles and responsibilities in ensuring patients' comfort at end of life was revealed. This study informs future research to explore the experiences of futile life-sustaining treatment across various contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ri Choi
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mu-Hsing Ho
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Neukirchen M, Metaxa V, Schaefer MS. Palliative care in intensive care. Intensive Care Med 2023; 49:1538-1540. [PMID: 38010381 PMCID: PMC10709230 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-023-07260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Neukirchen
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Care, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Victoria Metaxa
- Department of Critical Care, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maximilian S Schaefer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Doherty C, Feder S, Gillespie-Heyman S, Akgün KM. Easing Suffering for ICU Patients and Their Families: Evidence and Opportunities for Primary and Specialty Palliative Care in the ICU. J Intensive Care Med 2023:8850666231204305. [PMID: 37822226 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231204305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions are often accompanied by many physical and existential pressure points that can be extraordinarily wearing on patients and their families and surrogate decision makers (SDMs). Multidisciplinary palliative support, including physicians, advanced practice nurses, nutritionists, chaplains and other team members, may alleviate many of these sources of potential suffering. However, the palliative needs of ICU patients undoubtedly exceed the bandwidth of current consultative specialty palliative medicine teams. Informed by standard-of-care palliative medicine domains, we review common ICU symptoms (pain, dyspnea and thirst) and their prevalence, sources and their treatment. We then identify palliative needs and impacts in the domains of communication, SDM support and transitions of care for patients and their families through their journey in the ICU, from discharge and recovery at home to chronic critical illness, post-ICU disability or death. Finally, we examine the evidence for strategies to incorporate specialty palliative medicine and palliative principles into ICU care for the improvement of patient- and family-centered care. While randomized controlled studies have failed to demonstrate measurable improvement in pre-determined outcomes for patient- and family-relevant outcomes, embracing the principles of palliative medicine and assuring their delivery in the ICU is likely to translate to overall improvement in humanistic, person-centered care that supports patients and their SDMs during and following critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Doherty
- Department of Internal Medicine New Haven, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shelli Feder
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, CT, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Akgün
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA-Connecticut and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Rutz Voumard R, Ltaief Z, Liaudet L, Jox RJ. ECMO as a Palliative Bridge to Death. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2023; 23:35-38. [PMID: 37220349 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2023.2201217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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Plinke WV, Buchbinder SA, Brumback LC, Longstreth WT, Kiker WA, Holloway RG, Engelberg RA, Curtis JR, Creutzfeldt CJ. Identification of Palliative Care Needs and Mental Health Outcomes Among Family Members of Patients With Severe Acute Brain Injury. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e239949. [PMID: 37097633 PMCID: PMC10130947 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Family members of patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI) are at risk for poor psychological outcomes. Objective To explore the utility of the early use of a palliative care needs checklist in identifying care needs of patients with SABI and family members who are at risk of poor psychological outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study included patients with SABI in an intensive care unit (ICU) for 2 days or more and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 or lower and their family members. This single-center study was conducted at an academic hospital in Seattle, Washington, from January 2018 to June 2021. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to July 2022. Exposure At enrollment, a 4-item palliative care needs checklist was completed separately by clinicians and family members. Main Outcomes and Measures A single family member for each enrolled patient completed questionnaires assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety, perception of goal-concordant care, and satisfaction in the ICU. Six months later, family members assessed their psychological symptoms, decisional regret, patient functional outcome, and patient quality of life (QOL). Results A total of 209 patient-family member pairs (family member mean [SD] age, 51 [16] years; 133 women [64%]; 18 Asian [9%], 21 Black [10%], 20 [10%] Hispanic, and 153 White [73%] participants) were included. Patients had experienced stroke (126 [60%]), traumatic brain injury (62 [30%]), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (21 [10%]). At least 1 need was identified for 185 patients or their families (88%) by family members and 110 (53%) by clinicians (κ = -0.007; 52% agreement). Symptoms of at least moderate anxiety or depression were present in 50% of family members at enrollment (87 with anxiety and 94 with depression) and 20% at follow-up (33 with anxiety and 29 with depression). After adjustment for patient age, diagnosis, and disease severity and family race and ethnicity, clinician identification of any need was associated with greater goal discordance (203 participants; relative risk = 1.7 [95% CI, 1.2 to 2.5]) and family decisional regret (144 participants; difference in means, 17 [95% CI, 5 to 29] points). Family member identification of any need was associated with greater symptoms of depression at follow-up (150 participants; difference in means of Patient Health Questionnaire-2, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.2 to 1.3] points) and worse perceived patient QOL (78 participants; difference in means, -17.1 [95% CI, -33.6 to -0.5] points). Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective cohort study of patients with SABI and their families, palliative care needs were common, although agreement on needs was poor between clinicians and family members. A palliative care needs checklist completed by clinicians and family members may improve communication and promote timely, targeted management of needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Whitney A Kiker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Robert G Holloway
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Ruth A Engelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence at UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - J Randall Curtis
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence at UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Claire J Creutzfeldt
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence at UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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