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Iqbal Z, Xia J, Murtaza G, Shabbir M, Rehman K, Yujie L, Duan L. Targeting WNT signalling pathways as new therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis. J Drug Target 2023; 31:1027-1049. [PMID: 37969105 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2281861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent chronic joint disease and the leading cause of disability. Currently, no drugs are available to control joint damage or ease the associated pain. The wingless-type (WNT) signalling pathway is vital in OA progression. Excessive activation of the WNT signalling pathway is pertinent to OA progression and severity. Therefore, agonists and antagonists of the WNT pathway are considered potential drug candidates for OA treatment. For example, SM04690, a novel small molecule inhibitor of WNT signalling, has demonstrated its potential in a recent phase III clinical trial as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD). Therefore, targeting the WNT signalling pathway may be a distinctive approach to developing particular agents helpful in treating OA. This review aims to update the most recent progress in OA drug development by targeting the WNT pathway. In this, we introduce WNT pathways and their crosstalk with other signalling pathways in OA development and highlight the role of the WNT signalling pathway as a key regulator in OA development. Several articles have reviewed the Wnt pathway from different aspects. This candid review provides an introduction to WNT pathways and their crosstalk with other signalling pathways in OA development, highlighting the role of the WNT signalling pathway as a key regulator in OA development with the latest research. Particularly, we emphasise the state-of-the-art in targeting the WNT pathway as a promising therapeutic approach for OA and challenges in their development and the nanocarrier-based delivery of WNT modulators for treating OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Iqbal
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shabbir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Khurrum Rehman
- Department of Allied health sciences, The University of Agriculture, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Liang Yujie
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhou T, Zhou Y, Ge D, Xie Y, Wang J, Tang L, Dong Q, Sun P. Decoding the mechanism of Eleutheroside E in treating osteoporosis via network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking of osteoclast-related genes and gut microbiota. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1257298. [PMID: 38027135 PMCID: PMC10663945 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1257298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Eleutheroside E (EE) is an anti-inflammatory natural compound derived from the edible medicinal herb Acanthopanax senticosus. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of the anti-osteoporosis action of EE through network pharmacology, molecular docking and gut microbiota. Materials and methods Network pharmacology was used to explore the potential core targets and main pathways mediated by EE in osteoporosis (OP) treatment. Molecular docking was exploited to investigate the interactions between the active anti-OP compounds in EE and the potential downstream targets. Following the multi-approach bioinformatics analysis, ovariectomy (OVX) model was also established to investigate the in vivo anti-OP effects of EE. Results The top 10 core targets in PPI network were TP53, AKT1, JUN, CTNNB1, STAT3, HIF1A, EP300, CREB1, IL1B and ESR1. Molecular docking results that the binding energy of target proteins and the active compounds was approximately between -5.0 and -7.0 kcal/mol, which EE has the lowest docking binding energy with HIF1A. Enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways of target proteins indicated that EE treatment could potentially alter numerous biological processes and cellular pathways. In vivo experiments demonstrated the protective effect of EE treatment against accelerated bone loss, where reduced serum levels of TRAP, CTX, TNF-α, LPS, and IL-6 and increased bone volume and serum levels of P1NP were observed in EE-treated mice. In addition, changes in gut microbiota were spotted by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showing that EE treatment increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the relative abundance of Clostridiaceae. Conclusion In summary, these findings suggested that the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway of EE against OP. In vivo, EE prevents the onset of OP by regulating gut microbiota and inflammatory response and is therefore a potential OP drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunwei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Yunfu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunfu, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Tsai CJ, Wang YW, Chen JF, Chou CK, Huang CC, Chen YC. Factors associated with osteoarthritis in menopausal women: A registry study of osteoporosis sarcopenia and osteoarthritis. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1859-1863. [PMID: 38024876 PMCID: PMC10657057 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_166_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone and muscle mass decline after menopause. The risk of osteoarthritis (OA), sarcopenia, and osteoporosis increases in later life. Our objective aimed to assess the possible factors affecting osteoarthritis in menopausal women. Methods This is a registry study of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and osteoarthritis. All subjects accepted bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition studies, and X-rays of both knees were performed. A medical history was taken and biochemical data were recorded. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between the presence of osteoarthritis and BMD, muscle mass, and other parameters. Results A total of 139 patients were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 73.86 ± 5.83 years in the osteoarthritis group and 74.53 ± 9.90 in the non-osteoarthritis group (p = 0.663). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.36 ± 3.64 kg/m2 in the osteoarthritis group, compared with 23.78 ± 3.61 in the non-osteoarthritis group (p = 0.366). The lumbar spine T score was -2.06 ± 1.33 g/cm2 in the osteoarthritis group, and -1.25 ± 1.76 in the non-osteoarthritis group (p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, and chronic kidney disease between the two groups. When we used osteoarthritis as the outcome, we found that the lumbar spine T score had a significant association with osteoarthritis, with a high T score associated with less osteoarthritis formation (p = 0.024, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.06 (0-0.69)). Conclusions Knee osteoarthritis was associated with lumbar spine bone density. This study provides the initial information required to develop clinical algorithms for the early identification of potential high-risk populations, as well as essential information for the development of policies for the detection and prevention of osteoarthritis in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jen Tsai
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Fu Chen
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kai Chou
- Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Cheng Huang
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chou Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Janssen JN, Kalev-Altman R, Shalit T, Sela-Donenfeld D, Monsonego-Ornan E. Differential gene expression in the calvarial and cortical bone of juvenile female mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1127536. [PMID: 37378024 PMCID: PMC10291685 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1127536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both the calvarial and the cortical bones develop through intramembranous ossification, yet they have very different structures and functions. The calvaria enables the rapid while protected growth of the brain, whereas the cortical bone takes part in locomotion. Both types of bones undergo extensive modeling during embryonic and post-natal growth, while bone remodeling is the most dominant process in adults. Their shared formation mechanism and their highly distinct functions raise the fundamental question of how similar or diverse the molecular pathways that act in each bone type are. Methods To answer this question, we aimed to compare the transcriptomes of calvaria and cortices from 21-day old mice by bulk RNA-Seq analysis. Results The results revealed clear differences in expression levels of genes related to bone pathologies, craniosynostosis, mechanical loading and bone-relevant signaling pathways like WNT and IHH, emphasizing the functional differences between these bones. We further discussed the less expected candidate genes and gene sets in the context of bone. Finally, we compared differences between juvenile and mature bone, highlighting commonalities and dissimilarities of gene expression between calvaria and cortices during post-natal bone growth and adult bone remodeling. Discussion Altogether, this study revealed significant differences between the transcriptome of calvaria and cortical bones in juvenile female mice, highlighting the most important pathway mediators for the development and function of two different bone types that originate both through intramembranous ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nicolas Janssen
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Shalit
- The Ilana and Pascal Mantoux Institute for Bioinformatics, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Balaskas P, Goljanek-Whysall K, Clegg PD, Fang Y, Cremers A, Smagul A, Welting TJM, Peffers MJ. MicroRNA Signatures in Cartilage Ageing and Osteoarthritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041189. [PMID: 37189806 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint disorder. MicroRNAs are gene expression regulators that act post-transcriptionally to control tissue homeostasis. Microarray analysis was undertaken in osteoarthritic intact, lesioned and young intact cartilage. Principal component analysis showed that young intact cartilage samples were clustered together; osteoarthritic samples had a wider distribution; and osteoarthritic intact samples were separated into two subgroups, osteoarthritic-Intact-1 and osteoarthritic-Intact-2. We identified 318 differentially expressed microRNAs between young intact and osteoarthritic lesioned cartilage, 477 between young intact and osteoarthritic-Intact-1 cartilage and 332 between young intact and osteoarthritic-Intact-2 cartilage samples. For a selected list of differentially expressed microRNAs, results were verified in additional cartilage samples using qPCR. Of the validated DE microRNAs, four-miR-107, miR-143-3p, miR-361-5p and miR-379-5p-were selected for further experiments in human primary chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. Expression of these microRNAs decreased in human primary chondrocytes treated with IL-1β. For miR-107 and miR-143-3p, gain- and loss-of-function approaches were undertaken and associated target genes and molecular pathways were investigated using qPCR and mass spectrometry proteomics. Analyses showed that WNT4 and IHH, predicted targets of miR-107, had increased expression in osteoarthritic cartilage compared to young intact cartilage and in primary chondrocytes treated with miR-107 inhibitor, and decreased expression in primary chondrocytes treated with miR-107 mimic, suggesting a role of miR-107 in chondrocyte survival and proliferation. In addition, we identified an association between miR-143-3p and EIF2 signalling and cell survival. Our work supports the role of miR-107 and miR-143-3p in important chondrocyte mechanisms regulating proliferation, hypertrophy and protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Balaskas
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter D Clegg
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Andy Cremers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Centre, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aibek Smagul
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Centre, Maastricht University, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
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Wan X, Wang X, Pang R, Xu C, Shi W, Zhang H, Li H, Li Z. Mapping knowledge landscapes and emerging trends of the links between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: A bibliometric analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1019691. [PMID: 36600941 PMCID: PMC9806179 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1019691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis has the characteristics of degenerative changes in articular cartilage and secondary osteoporosis, and it is a common chronic irreversible joint disease. In addition to affecting articular cartilage, subchondral bone, joint capsule and synovial membrane also undergo pathological changes during the development of the disease. Multiple studies have revealed that patients with osteoarthritis were found to have a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis, which also contributes to the progression of osteoarthritis. However, in the current existing studies, we found that no scholars have used bibliometric analysis in the study of the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. From the perspective of bibliometrics, this study summarizes in detail the degree of cooperation between countries, research institutions, authors, and related journals in the field of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis research and their respective influence. In this way, the evolution of knowledge structure, the change of research focus and the hot topics with research potential in the future can be further visualized and analyzed. Methods Search the Web of Science core collection in Science Citation Index Expanded for articles and reviews of research on osteoarthritis and osteoporosis from 1998 to 2021. Bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, were be frequently used in our study. They are mainly used to analyze collaborations between countries, research institutions, and publication authors. Meantime, co-citation analysis of journals, co-occurrence analysis of keywords and subject categories will also be reflected in the study. Results According to the search strategy, 1,078 publications were included during the period 1998-2021. And the number of annual publications on the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis is on the rise. The United States has achieved the most and contributed the most in this field and the Boston University was the most prolific institution. For the statistical analysis of published publications, Reginster JY had the highest number of publications, while Felson DT had the highest co-citation frequency. Respectively, Osteoarthritis And Cartilage was the most productive journal in this area of research. The keywords "inflammation," "expression," and "mesenchymal stem cells" may also be the development trend and research hotspot of the future research direction in this field. Conclusions In our study, the relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis was analyzed by using literature measurement. These analysis results can lead researchers to learn more directly about the trend in this area and provide guidance for determining popular research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- The First Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hui Li
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China,Zhijun Li
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Cui J, Yang Y, Chen P, Hang R, Xiao Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Sun H, Bai L. Differential Nanoscale Topography Dedicates Osteocyte-Manipulated Osteogenesis via Regulation of the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084212. [PMID: 35457035 PMCID: PMC9027032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes function as the master orchestrator of bone remodeling activity in the telophase of osseointegration. However, most contemporary studies focus on the manipulation of osteoblast and/or osteoclast functionality via implant surface engineering, which neglects the pivotal role of osteocytes in de novo bone formation. It is confirmative that osteocyte processes extend directly to the implant surface, but whether the surface physicochemical properties can affect the functionality of osteocytes and determine the fate of the osseointegration in the final remodeling stage remains to be determined. Titania nanotube arrays (NTAs) with distinct diameters were fabricated to investigate the relationship between the nanoscale topography and the functionality of osteocytes. In vitro results pinpointed that NTA with a diameter of 15 nm (NTA-15) significantly promote osteogenesis of osteocytes via the enhancement of spreading, proliferation, and mineralization. The osteocyte transcriptome of each group further revealed that the TGF-β signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in osteocyte-mediated osteogenesis. The in vivo study definitely mirrored the aforementioned results, that NTA-15 significantly promotes bone formation around the implant. Consequently, nanoscaled topography-induced osteocyte functionality is important in late osseointegration. This suggests that surface designs targeting osteocytes may, therefore, be a potential approach to solving the aseptic loosening of the implant, and thus strengthen osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Cui
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.C.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yaru Yang
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China;
| | - Peiru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Ruiqiang Hang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;
| | - Yin Xiao
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.C.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.C.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Long Bai
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (J.C.); (X.L.); (L.Z.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (L.B.)
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Kasher M, Freidin MB, Williams FM, Cherny SS, Malkin I, Livshits G. Shared Genetic Architecture Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Varying Osteoporotic Phenotypes. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:440-453. [PMID: 34910834 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and low bone mineral density (BMD), an indicator of osteoporosis (OP), appear epidemiologically associated. Shared genetic factors may explain this association. This study aimed to investigate the presence of pleiotropy to clarify the potential genetic association between RA and OP. We examined BMDs at varying skeletal sites reported in UK Biobank as well as OP fracture acquired from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium and the TwinsUK study. PRSice-2 was used to assess the potential shared genetic overlap between RA and OP. The presence of pleiotropy was examined using colocalization analysis. PRSice-2 revealed that RA was significantly associated with OP fracture (β = 351.6 ± 83.9, p value = 2.76E-05), total BMD (β = -1763.5 ± 612.8, p = 4.00E-03), spine BMD (β = -919.8 ± 264.6, p value = 5.09E-04), and forearm BMD (β = -66.09 ± 31.40, p value = 3.53E-02). Through colocalization analysis, the same causal genetic variants, associated with both RA and OP, were apparent in 12 genes: PLCL1, BOLL, AC011997.1, TNFAIP3, RP11-158I9.1, CDK6, CHCHD4P2, RP11-505C13.1, PHF19, TRAF1, C5, and C11orf49 with moderate posterior probabilities (>50%). Pleiotropy is involved in the association between RA and OP phenotypes. These findings contribute to the understanding of disease mechanisms and provide insight into possible therapeutic advancements and enhanced screening measures. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Kasher
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frances Mk Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stacey S Cherny
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ida Malkin
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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9
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Xu J, Chen Y, Yu D, Zhang L, Dou X, Wu G, Wang Y, Zhang S. Evaluation of the cargo contents and potential role of extracellular vesicles in osteoporosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19282-19292. [PMID: 34375951 PMCID: PMC8386556 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common aging-related disease diagnosed primarily using bone mineral density (BMD). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) remain unexplored in the context of osteoporosis. Towards this, EVs were isolated from plasma of a discovery cohort with 8 non-osteoporotic and 8 osteoporotic individuals, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) revealed a significantly higher EV concentration in osteoporotic individuals (P = 0.003). Moreover, EVs concentration showed a linear correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) values (linear correlation coefficient r = 0.9542, deviation from zero, p < 0.001). Results using a mouse model of osteoporosis confirmed that the number of EVs in mice from hindlimb unloading group was significantly higher than that from the age-matched control group (p = 0.015). TaqMan Real-Time PCR demonstrated that miR-335-5p, -320a, -483-5p, and miR-21-5p, were significantly higher expressed in osteoporotic patients compared with non-osteoporotic individuals. Quantitative real-time PCR shown that Wnt1, Wnt5a, Wnt7a, and Wnt9a mRNAs were lower expressed in osteoporosis derived EVs. In vitro functional assay indicated that osteoporosis derived EVs resulted in reduced mineralization in SaOS-2 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that osteoporosis increased the secretion of EVs which carry higher expression of miRNAs and decreased expression of Wnt signals, further decreased the mineralization capacity in human osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Dou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second People's Hospital of Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311404, PR China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310009, PR China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
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Stuss M, Migdalska-Sek M, Brzezianska-Lasota E, Michalska-Kasiczak M, Bazela P, Sewerynek E. Assessment of Wnt pathway selected gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of postmenopausal patients with low bone mass. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:461-470. [PMID: 33357212 PMCID: PMC8292866 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the expression of selected genes of the Wnt pathway: APC, AXIN1, CTNNB1, DKK1, GSK3B, KREMEN1, SFRP1, and WNT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients, selected in consideration of their bone mineral density (BMD), and the occurrence of low-energy fractures. The study involved 45 postmenopausal women, divided into four groups, according to BMD and fracture history. Measurements of laboratory parameters and RNA expression in PBMC cells were carried out in material, collected once at the inclusion visit. The densitometric examination was performed on all participants. In the analysis of the relative expression levels (RELs) of the studied genes in the entire population, we observed an overexpression for SFRP1 in 100% of samples and WNT1. In addition, the REL of DKK1, APC, and GSK3B genes were slightly elevated versus the calibrator. In contrast, CTNNB1 and AXIN1 presented with a slightly decreased RELs. Analysis did not show any significant differences among the groups in the relative gene expression levels (p < 0.05) of particular genes. However, we have observed quite numerous interesting correlations between the expression of the studied genes and BMD, the presence of fractures, and laboratory parameters, both in the whole studied population as well as in selected groups. In conclusion, the high level of CTNNB1 expression maintains normal BMD and/or protects against fractures. It also appears that the changes in expression levels of the Wnt pathway genes in PBMCs reflect the expected changes in bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stuss
- Department of Endocrine Disorders and Bone Metabolism, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Outpatient Clinic of Osteoporosis, Regional Center of Menopause and Osteoporosis, Military Medical Academy Memorial Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz - Central Veterans' Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sek
- Outpatient Clinic of Osteoporosis, Regional Center of Menopause and Osteoporosis, Military Medical Academy Memorial Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz - Central Veterans' Hospital, Lodz, Poland; Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezianska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Michalska-Kasiczak
- Department of Endocrine Disorders and Bone Metabolism, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Bazela
- Department of Endocrine Disorders and Bone Metabolism, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Sewerynek
- Department of Endocrine Disorders and Bone Metabolism, Chair of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Outpatient Clinic of Osteoporosis, Regional Center of Menopause and Osteoporosis, Military Medical Academy Memorial Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz - Central Veterans' Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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11
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van Spelde AM, Schroeder H, Kjellström A, Lidén K. Approaches to osteoporosis in paleopathology: How did methodology shape bone loss research? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 33:245-257. [PMID: 34044198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper will review how different methods employed to study bone loss in the past were used to explore different questions and aspects of bone loss, how methodology has changed over time, and how these different approaches have informed our understanding of bone loss in the past. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review and discussion is conducted on research protocols and results of 84 paleopathology publications on bone loss in archaeological skeletal collections published between 1969 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS The variety in research protocols confounds accurate meta-analysis of previously published research; however, more recent publications incorporate a combination of bone mass and bone quality based methods. Biased sample selection has resulted in a predominance of European and Medieval publications, limiting more general observations on bone loss in the past. Collection of dietary or paleopathological covariables is underemployed in the effort to interpret bone loss patterns. SIGNIFICANCE Paleopathology publications have demonstrated differences in bone loss between distinct archaeological populations, between sex and age groups, and have suggested factors underlying observed differences. However, a lack of a gold standard has encouraged the use of a wide range of methods. Understanding how this array of methods effects results is crucial in contextualizing our knowledge of bone loss in the past. LIMITATIONS The development of a research protocol is also influenced by available expertise, available equipment, restrictions imposed by the curator, and site-specific taphonomic aspects. These factors will likely continue to cause (minor) biases even if a best practice can be established. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH Greater effort to develop uniform terminology and operational definitions of osteoporosis in skeletal remains, as well as the expansion of time scale and geographical areas studied. The Next-Generation Sequencing revolution has also opened up the possibility of ancient DNA analyses to study genetic predisposition to bone loss in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marijn van Spelde
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden; The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hannes Schroeder
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Kjellström
- Osteological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lidén
- Archaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Lilla Frescativägen 7, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Sharma M, Pruitt K. Wnt Pathway: An Integral Hub for Developmental and Oncogenic Signaling Networks. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8018. [PMID: 33126517 PMCID: PMC7663720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is an integral cell-to-cell signaling hub which regulates crucial development processes and maintenance of tissue homeostasis by coordinating cell proliferation, differentiation, cell polarity, cell movement, and stem cell renewal. When dysregulated, it is associated with various developmental diseases, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. We now better appreciate the complexity and crosstalk of the Wnt pathway with other signaling cascades. Emerging roles of the Wnt signaling in the cancer stem cell niche and drug resistance have led to development of therapeutics specifically targeting various Wnt components, with some agents currently in clinical trials. This review highlights historical and recent findings on key mediators of Wnt signaling and how they impact antitumor immunity and maintenance of cancer stem cells. This review also examines current therapeutics being developed that modulate Wnt signaling in cancer and discusses potential shortcomings associated with available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
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13
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Mammoto A, Muyleart M, Mammoto T. LRP5 in age-related changes in vascular and alveolar morphogenesis in the lung. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:89-103. [PMID: 30612120 PMCID: PMC6339783 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired angiogenesis and lung alveolar regeneration, which contributes to the increased susceptibility to chronic lung diseases (CLD). We have reported that the Wnt ligand co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), stimulates angiogenesis and lung alveolar regeneration. However, the role of LRP5 in age-related decline in vascular and alveolar morphogenesis remains unclear. In this report, we have demonstrated that vascular and alveolar structures are disrupted in the 24-month (24M) old mouse lungs. The expression of LRP5 and the major angiogenic factors, VEGFR2 and Tie2, is lower in endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from 24M old mouse lungs compared to those from 2M old mouse lungs. Vascular and alveolar formation is attenuated in the hydrogel implanted on the 24M old mouse lungs, while overexpression of LRP5, which restores angiogenic factor expression, reverses vascular and alveolar morphogenesis in the gel. Compensatory lung growth after unilateral pneumonectomy is inhibited in 24M old mice, which is reversed by overexpression of LRP5. These results suggest that LRP5 mediates age-related inhibition of angiogenesis and alveolar morphogenesis. Modulation of LRP5 may be a novel intervention to rejuvenate regenerative ability in aged lung and will lead to the development of efficient strategies for aging-associated CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Megan Muyleart
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226USA
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226USA
| | - Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226USA
- Equal contribution
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Fernández-Torres J, Zamudio-Cuevas Y, López-Reyes A, Garrido-Rodríguez D, Martínez-Flores K, Lozada CA, Muñóz-Valle JF, Oregon-Romero E, Martínez-Nava GA. Gene-gene interactions of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in knee osteoarthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1089-1098. [PMID: 30083988 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its interactions are involved in the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Patients with KOA (n = 131) and healthy individuals (n = 190) with different ancestry from two Mexican populations (Mexico City and Guadalajara City) were analyzed. Twenty-five SNPs from thirteen genes (WISP1, DKK1, SOST, FRZB, LRP1, LRP4, LRP5, LRP6, GSKB, ADAMTS5, GDF5, FMN2 and COL11A1) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were genotyped. Genetic and allelic frequencies and gene-gene interactions were performed for this study. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI and admixture, significant associations were found for five SNPs in Mexico City: LRP6 rs12314259 (G/G genotype OR 0.22, P = 0.029; and G allele OR 0.48, P = 0.022), SOST rs851054 (C/T genotype OR 0.42, P = 0.027; and T allele OR 0.62, P = 0.026), FMN2 rs986690 (G/A genotype OR 0.42, P = 0.034; and A allele OR 0.50, P = 0.015), FRZB rs409238 (A/G genotype, OR 2.41, P = 0.022), and COL11A1 rs2615977 (A/C genotype OR 2.39, P = 0.024); no associations for Guadalajara City were found. With respect to gene-gene interactions, the pairwise interactions of WISP1-COL11A1, COL11A1-FRZB, FRZB-SOST and WISP1-FMN2 make it possible to visualize the synergistic or antagonistic effect of their genotypes or alleles in both populations. These results suggest that gene-gene interactions in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway play a role in the etiology of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Torres
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Garrido-Rodríguez
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Calz de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Lozada
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñóz-Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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He A, Ning Y, Wen Y, Cai Y, Xu K, Cai Y, Han J, Liu L, Du Y, Liang X, Li P, Fan Q, Hao J, Wang X, Guo X, Ma T, Zhang F. Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:343-350. [PMID: 29922454 PMCID: PMC5987683 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.bjr-2017-0284.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Osteoarthritis (OA) is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms control the expression of genes and are likely to regulate the OA transcriptome. We performed integrative genomic analyses to define methylation-gene expression relationships in osteoarthritic cartilage. Patients and Methods Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of articular cartilage from five patients with OA of the knee and five healthy controls was conducted using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, California). Other independent genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of articular cartilage from three patients with OA and three healthy controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Integrative pathway enrichment analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles was performed using integrated analysis of cross-platform microarray and pathway software. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Results We identified 1265 differentially methylated genes, of which 145 are associated with significant changes in gene expression, such as DLX5, NCOR2 and AXIN2 (all p-values of both DNA methylation and mRNA expression < 0.05). Pathway enrichment analysis identified 26 OA-associated pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway (p = 6.25 × 10-4), phosphatidylinositol (PI) signalling system (p = 4.38 × 10-3), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signalling pathway (p = 8.63 × 10-3 pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis (p = 0.017), ErbB signalling pathway (p = 0.024), inositol phosphate (IP) metabolism (p = 0.025), and calcium signalling pathway (p = 0.032). Conclusion We identified a group of genes and biological pathwayswhich were significantly different in both DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles between patients with OA and controls. These results may provide new clues for clarifying the mechanisms involved in the development of OA. Cite this article: A. He, Y. Ning, Y. Wen, Y. Cai, K. Xu, Y. Cai, J. Han, L. Liu, Y. Du, X. Liang, P. Li, Q. Fan, J. Hao, X. Wang, X. Guo, T. Ma, F. Zhang. Use of integrative epigenetic and mRNA expression analyses to identify significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritic cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:343–350. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0284.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Ning
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - K Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J Han
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - L Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Du
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - X Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - P Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Fan
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J Hao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - X Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - F Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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16
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Chang JC, Christiansen BA, Murugesh DK, Sebastian A, Hum NR, Collette NM, Hatsell S, Economides AN, Blanchette CD, Loots GG. SOST/Sclerostin Improves Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis and Inhibits MMP2/3 Expression After Injury. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1105-1113. [PMID: 29377313 PMCID: PMC6033030 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture are two times as likely to develop posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Annually, there are ∼900,000 knee injuries in the United States, which account for ∼12% of all osteoarthritis (OA) cases. PTOA leads to reduced physical activity, deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system, and in severe cases requires joint replacement to restore function. Therefore, treatments that would prevent cartilage degradation post-injury would provide attractive alternatives to surgery. Sclerostin (Sost), a Wnt antagonist and a potent negative regulator of bone formation, has recently been implicated in regulating chondrocyte function in OA. To determine whether elevated levels of Sost play a protective role in PTOA, we examined the progression of OA using a noninvasive tibial compression overload model in SOST transgenic (SOSTTG ) and knockout (Sost-/- ) mice. Here we report that SOSTTG mice develop moderate OA and display significantly less advanced PTOA phenotype at 16 weeks post-injury compared with wild-type (WT) controls and Sost-/- . In addition, SOSTTG built ∼50% and ∼65% less osteophyte volume than WT and Sost-/- , respectively. Quantification of metalloproteinase (MMP) activity showed that SOSTTG had ∼2-fold less MMP activation than WT or Sost-/- , and this was supported by a significant reduction in MMP2/3 protein levels, suggesting that elevated levels of SOST inhibit the activity of proteolytic enzymes known to degrade articular cartilage matrix. Furthermore, intra-articular administration of recombinant Sost protein, immediately post-injury, also significantly decreased MMP activity levels relative to PBS-treated controls, and Sost activation in response to injury was TNFα and NF-κB dependent. These results provide in vivo evidence that sclerostin functions as a protective molecule immediately after joint injury to prevent cartilage degradation. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA.,University of California at Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Deepa K Murugesh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Aimy Sebastian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA.,University of California at Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Nicole M Collette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Craig D Blanchette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Livermore, CA, USA.,University of California at Merced, School of Natural Sciences, Merced, CA, USA
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17
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Zhu N, Hou J, Wu Y, Li G, Liu J, Ma G, Chen B, Song Y. Identification of key genes in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis based on bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10997. [PMID: 29851858 PMCID: PMC6392928 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) comprise the most common forms of arthritis. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated biological processes between RA and OA using a bioinformatics approach to elucidate their potential pathogenesis.The gene expression profiles of the GSE55457 datasets, originally produced through use of the high-throughput Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GSE55457 dataset contains information from 33 samples, including 10 normal control (NC) samples, 13 RA samples, and 10 OA samples. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to identify functional categories and associated molecular and biochemical pathways, respectively, for the identified DEGs, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was constructed using Cytoscape software.GO and KEGG results suggested that several biological pathways (ie, "immune response," "inflammation," and "osteoclast differentiation") are commonly involved in the development of both RA and OA, whereas several other pathways (eg, "MAPK signaling pathway," and "ECM-receptor interaction") presented significant differences between these disorders.This study provides further insights into the underlying pathogenesis of RA and OA, which may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqiang Zhu
- Second Department of Spinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College
| | - Jingyi Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Geng Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - GuiYun Ma
- Second Department of Spinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College
| | - Bin Chen
- Second Department of Spinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College
| | - Youxin Song
- Second Department of Spinal Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College
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Burr DB, Utreja A. Editorial: Wnt Signaling Related to Subchondral Bone Density and Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:157-161. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Burr
- Indiana University School of Medicine and Indiana University‐Purdue University–Indianapolis Indianapolis Indiana
| | - Achint Utreja
- Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana
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19
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Yang X, He H, Gao Q, He C. Pulsed electromagnetic field improves subchondral bone microstructure in knee osteoarthritis rats through a Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated mechanism. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:89-97. [PMID: 29251361 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan; Chengdu China
| | - Hongchen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan; Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan; Chengdu China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan; Chengdu China
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Reppe S, Datta HK, Gautvik KM. Omics analysis of human bone to identify genes and molecular networks regulating skeletal remodeling in health and disease. Bone 2017; 101:88-95. [PMID: 28450214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ throughout life where specific bone cell activity and paracrine/endocrine factors regulate its morphogenesis and remodeling. In recent years, an increasing number of reports have used multi-omics technologies to characterize subsets of bone biological molecular networks. The skeleton is affected by primary and secondary disease, lifestyle and many drugs. Therefore, to obtain relevant and reliable data from well characterized patient and control cohorts are vital. Here we provide a brief overview of omics studies performed on human bone, of which our own studies performed on trans-iliacal bone biopsies from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) and healthy controls are among the first and largest. Most other studies have been performed on smaller groups of patients, undergoing hip replacement for osteoarthritis (OA) or fracture, and without healthy controls. The major findings emerging from the combined studies are: 1. Unstressed and stressed bone show profoundly different gene expression reflecting differences in bone turnover and remodeling and 2. Omics analyses comparing healthy/OP and control/OA cohorts reveal characteristic changes in transcriptomics, epigenomics (DNA methylation), proteomics and metabolomics. These studies, together with genome-wide association studies, in vitro observations and transgenic animal models have identified a number of genes and gene products that act via Wnt and other signaling systems and are highly associated to bone density and fracture. Future challenge is to understand the functional interactions between bone-related molecular networks and their significance in OP and OA pathogenesis, and also how the genomic architecture is affected in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway; Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Harish K Datta
- Pathology Department, Biochemistry Section, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Weivoda MM, Youssef SJ, Oursler MJ. Sclerostin expression and functions beyond the osteocyte. Bone 2017; 96:45-50. [PMID: 27888056 PMCID: PMC5328839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sclerostin, the product of the SOST gene, is a secreted inhibitor of Wnt signaling that is produced by osteocytes to regulate bone formation. While it is often considered an osteocyte-specific protein, SOST expression has been reported in numerous other cell types, including hypertrophic chondrocytes and cementocytes. Of interest, SOST/sclerostin expression is altered in certain pathogenic conditions, including osteoarthritis and rheumatic joint disease, and it is unclear whether sclerostin plays a protective role or whether sclerostin may mediate disease pathogenesis. Therefore, as anti-sclerostin antibodies are being developed for the treatment of osteoporosis, it is important to understand the functions of sclerostin beyond the regulation of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Weivoda
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition & Diabetes, Mayo Clinic, USA.
| | - Stephanie J Youssef
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition & Diabetes, Mayo Clinic, USA
| | - Merry Jo Oursler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nutrition & Diabetes, Mayo Clinic, USA
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22
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Evidence for Altered Canonical Wnt Signaling in the Trabecular Bone of Elderly Postmenopausal Women with Fragility Femoral Fracture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8169614. [PMID: 27999816 PMCID: PMC5143692 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8169614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling, a major regulator of bone formation and homeostasis, might be involved in the bone loss of osteoporotic patients and the consequent impaired response to fracture. Therefore we analyzed Wnt-related, osteogenic, and adipogenic genes in bone tissue of elderly postmenopausal women undergoing hip replacement for either femoral fracture or osteoarthritis. Bone specimens derived from the intertrochanteric region of the femurs of 25 women with fracture (F) and 29 with osteoarthritis without fracture (OA) were analyzed. Specific miRNAs were analyzed in bone and in matched blood samples. RUNX2, BGP, and OPG showed lower expression in F than in OA samples, while OSX, OPN, BSP, and RANKL were not different. Inhibitory genes of Wnt pathway were lower in F versus OA. β-Catenin protein levels were higher in F versus OA, whereas its cotranscriptional regulator (Lef1) was lower in F group. miR-204, which targets RUNX2, and miR-130a, which inhibits PPARγ, were lower and higher, respectively, in F versus OA serum samples. The present study showed an inefficient Wnt signal transduction in F group despite higher β-catenin protein levels, consistent with the expected overall postfracture systemic activation towards osteogenesis. This transcriptional inefficiency could contribute to the osteoporotic bone fragility.
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Constitutive β-catenin activation in osteoblasts impairs terminal osteoblast differentiation and bone quality. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:123-131. [PMID: 27865936 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a central role in controlling bone mass. We previously reported that constitutive activation of β-catenin (CA-β-catenin) in osteoblasts potentially has side effects on the bone growth and bone remodeling process, although it could increase bone mass. The present study aimed to observe the effects of osteoblastic CA-β-catenin on bone quality and to investigate possible mechanisms of these effects. It was found that CA-β-catenin mice exhibited lower mineralization levels and disorganized collagen in long bones as confirmed by von Kossa staining and sirius red staining, respectively. Also, bone strength decreased significantly in CA-β-catenin mice. Then the effect of CA-β-catenin on biological functions of osteoblasts were investigated and it was found that the expression levels of osteocalcin, a marker for the late differentiation of osteoblasts, decreased in CA-β-catenin mice, while the expression levels of osterix and alkaline phosphatase, two markers for the early differentiation of osteoblasts, increased in CA-β-catenin mice. Furthermore, higher proliferation rate were revealed in osteoblasts that were isolated from CA-β-catenin mice. The Real-time PCR and western blot examination found that the expression level of c-myc and cyclin D1, two G1 progression-related molecules, increased in osteoblasts that were isolated from the CA-β-catenin mice, and the expression levels of CDK14 and cyclin Y, two mitotic-related molecules that can accelerate cells entering into S and G2/M phases, increased in osteoblasts that were isolated from the CA-β-catenin mice. In summary, osteoblastic CA-β-catenin kept osteoblasts in high proliferative state and impaired the terminal osteoblast differentiation, and this led to changed bone structure and decreased bone strength.
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Schumacher CA, Joiner DM, Less KD, Drewry MO, Williams BO. Characterization of genetically engineered mouse models carrying Col2a1-cre-induced deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6. Bone Res 2016; 4:15042. [PMID: 26962465 PMCID: PMC4772748 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 were created and characterized. Mice lacking either gene alone were viable and fertile with normal knee morphology. Mice in which both Lrp5 and Lrp6 were conditionally ablated via Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletion displayed severe defects in skeletal development during embryogenesis. In addition, adult mice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 displayed low bone mass suggesting that the Collagen2a1-cre transgene was active in cells that subsequently differentiated into osteoblasts. In both embryonic skeletal development and establishment of adult bone mass, Lrp5 and Lrp6 carry out redundant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie A Schumacher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Danese M Joiner
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Kennen D Less
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Melissa Oosterhouse Drewry
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
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25
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Wnt signaling in cartilage development and diseases: lessons from animal studies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:186-96. [PMID: 26641070 PMCID: PMC4838282 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage not only plays essential roles in skeletal development and growth during pre- and postnatal stages but also serves to provide smooth movement of skeletons throughout life. Thus, dysfunction of cartilage causes a variety of skeletal disorders. Results from animal studies reveal that β-catenin-dependent canonical and independent non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways have multiple roles in regulation of cartilage development, growth, and maintenance. β-Catenin-dependent signaling is required for progression of endochondral ossification and growth of axial and appendicular skeletons, while excessive activation of this signaling can cause severe inhibition of initial cartilage formation and growth plate organization and function in mice. In contrast, non-canonical Wnt signaling is important in columnar organization of growth plate chondrocytes. Manipulation of Wnt signaling causes or ameliorates articular cartilage degeneration in rodent osteoarthritis models. Human genetic studies indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Accumulative findings from analysis of expression of Wnt signaling molecules and in vivo and in vitro functional experiments suggest that Wnt signaling is a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. The target tissues of Wnt signaling may be not only articular cartilage but also synovium and subchondral bone.
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26
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Complex disease and phenotype mapping in the domestic dog. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10460. [PMID: 26795439 PMCID: PMC4735900 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic dog is becoming an increasingly valuable model species in medical genetics, showing particular promise to advance our understanding of cancer and orthopaedic disease. Here we undertake the largest canine genome-wide association study to date, with a panel of over 4,200 dogs genotyped at 180,000 markers, to accelerate mapping efforts. For complex diseases, we identify loci significantly associated with hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, idiopathic epilepsy, lymphoma, mast cell tumour and granulomatous colitis; for morphological traits, we report three novel quantitative trait loci that influence body size and one that influences fur length and shedding. Using simulation studies, we show that modestly larger sample sizes and denser marker sets will be sufficient to identify most moderate- to large-effect complex disease loci. This proposed design will enable efficient mapping of canine complex diseases, most of which have human homologues, using far fewer samples than required in human studies. The domestic dog is an important model organism for our understanding of cancer and other diseases. Here the authors conduct a genome-wide association study across multiple breeds and identify novel loci significantly associated with several complex diseases and morphological traits.
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27
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Molecular mechanisms of osteoporotic hip fractures in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2015; 73:49-58. [PMID: 26608808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common manifestation of age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis are fractures of the hip. Age-related osteoporosis is thought to be determined by a number of intrinsic factors including genetics, hormonal changes, changes in levels of oxidative stress, or an inflammatory status associated with the aging process. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression and bone architecture in bone samples derived from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures (OP) in comparison to bone samples from age matched women with osteoarthritis of the hip (OA). Femoral heads and adjacent neck tissue were collected from 10 women with low-trauma hip fractures (mean age 83±6) and consecutive surgical hip replacement. Ten bone samples from patients undergoing hip replacement due to osteoarthritis (mean age 80±5) served as controls. One half of each bone sample was subjected to gene expression analysis. The second half of each bone sample was analyzed by microcomputed tomography. From each half, samples from four different regions, the central and subcortical region of the femoral head and neck, were analyzed. We could show a significantly decreased expression of the osteoblast related genes RUNX2, Osterix, Sclerostin, WNT10B, and Osteocalcin, a significantly increased ratio of RANKL to Osteoprotegerin, and a significantly increased expression of the enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase GPX3, and of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in bone samples from hip fracture patients compared to controls. Major microstructural changes in OP bone were seen in the neck and were characterized by a significant decrease of bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density and a significant increase of trabecular separation. In conclusion, our data give evidence for a decreased expression of osteoblast related genes and increased expression of osteoclast related genes. Furthermore, increased expression of SOD2 and GPX3 suggest increased antioxidative activity in bone samples from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures.
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28
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Crespi BJ, Go MC. Diametrical diseases reflect evolutionary-genetic tradeoffs: Evidence from psychiatry, neurology, rheumatology, oncology and immunology. Evol Med Public Health 2015; 2015:216-53. [PMID: 26354001 PMCID: PMC4600345 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tradeoffs centrally mediate the expression of human adaptations. We propose that tradeoffs also influence the prevalence and forms of human maladaptation manifest in disease. By this logic, increased risk for one set of diseases commonly engenders decreased risk for another, diametric, set of diseases. We describe evidence for such diametric sets of diseases from epidemiological, genetic and molecular studies in four clinical domains: (i) psychiatry (autism vs psychotic-affective conditions), (ii) rheumatology (osteoarthritis vs osteoporosis), (iii) oncology and neurology (cancer vs neurodegenerative disorders) and (iv) immunology (autoimmunity vs infectious disease). Diametric disorders are important to recognize because genotypes or environmental factors that increase risk for one set of disorders protect from opposite disorders, thereby providing novel and direct insights into disease causes, prevention and therapy. Ascertaining the mechanisms that underlie disease-related tradeoffs should also indicate means of circumventing or alleviating them, and thus reducing the incidence and impacts of human disease in a more general way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Go
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 Present address: Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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29
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Khanna V, Beaulé PE. Defining structural abnormalities of the hip joint at risk of degeneration. J Hip Preserv Surg 2014; 1:12-20. [PMID: 27011797 PMCID: PMC4765260 DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnu004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore the mounting evidence that primary osteoarthritis is secondary to childhood disorders such as dysplasia and/or to subtle morphologic and structural to subtle morphologic and structural abnormalities of the proximal femur and/or acetabulum that were previously unrecognized or underestimated. These structural deformities lead to early impingement through range of motion and subsequent joint degeneration. The review also presents a brief synopsis of the genetic components that influence structural morphology of the hip joint and the impact of genetic pathways on OA development. If subtle deformities can be shown to be effective predictors of OA in the general population, it may be possible to identify hips that are at risk before they progress to end-stage OA. Furthermore, if these early risk factors are modifiable, it may be possible to implement preventative measures before the requirement of total hip arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickas Khanna
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, PO Box 502, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6
| | - Paul E Beaulé
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, PO Box 502, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6
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30
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Rondeau G, Abedinpour P, Desai P, Baron VT, Borgstrom P, Welsh J. Effects of different tissue microenvironments on gene expression in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101160. [PMID: 25004123 PMCID: PMC4086928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In metastasis, circulating tumor cells penetrate the walls of blood vessels and enter the metastatic target tissue, thereby becoming exposed to novel and relatively unsupportive microenvironments. In the new microenvironments, the tumor cells often remain in a dormant state indefinitely and must adapt before they are able to successfully colonize the tissue. Very little is known about this adaptive process. We studied temporal changes in gene expression when breast cancer cells adapt to survive and grow on brain, bone marrow, and lung tissue maintained in an in vivo culture system, as models of the metastatic colonization of these tissues. We observed the transient activation of genes typically associated with homeostasis and stress during the initial stages of adaptation, followed by the activation of genes that mediate more advanced functions, such as elaboration of cell morphology and cell division, as the cells adapted to thrive in the host tissue microenvironment. We also observed the temporary induction of genes characteristic of the host tissue, which was particularly evident when tumor cells were grown on brain tissue. These early transient gene expression events suggest potential points of therapeutic intervention that are not evident in data from well-established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Rondeau
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Parisa Abedinpour
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Prerak Desai
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Veronique T. Baron
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Per Borgstrom
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John Welsh
- Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Calaza M, Evangelou E, Valdes AM, Arden N, Blanco FJ, Carr A, Chapman K, Deloukas P, Doherty M, Esko T, Garcés Aletá CM, Gomez-Reino Carnota JJ, Helgadottir H, Hofman A, Jonsdottir I, Kerkhof HJM, Kloppenburg M, McCaskie A, Ntzani EE, Ollier WER, Oreiro N, Panoutsopoulou K, Ralston SH, Ramos YF, Riancho JA, Rivadeneira F, Slagboom PE, Styrkarsdottir U, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thorleifsson G, Tsezou A, Uitterlinden AG, Wallis GA, Wilkinson JM, Zhai G, Zhu Y, Felson DT, Ioannidis JPA, Loughlin J, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Stefansson K, van Meurs JB, Zeggini E, Spector TD, Gonzalez A. Assessment of osteoarthritis candidate genes in a meta-analysis of nine genome-wide association studies. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:940-9. [PMID: 24757145 PMCID: PMC4660891 DOI: 10.1002/art.38300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess candidate genes for association with osteoarthritis (OA) and identify promising genetic factors and, secondarily, to assess the candidate gene approach in OA. Methods A total of 199 candidate genes for association with OA were identified using Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator. All of their single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with an allele frequency of >5% were assessed by fixed-effects meta-analysis of 9 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that included 5,636 patients with knee OA and 16,972 control subjects and 4,349 patients with hip OA and 17,836 control subjects of European ancestry. An additional 5,921 individuals were genotyped for significantly associated SNPs in the meta-analysis. After correction for the number of independent tests, P values less than 1.58 × 10−5 were considered significant. Results SNPs at only 2 of the 199 candidate genes (COL11A1 and VEGF) were associated with OA in the meta-analysis. Two SNPs in COL11A1 showed association with hip OA in the combined analysis: rs4907986 (P = 1.29 × 10−5, odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.06−1.17) and rs1241164 (P = 1.47 × 10−5, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74−0.89). The sex-stratified analysis also showed association of COL11A1 SNP rs4908291 in women (P = 1.29 × 10−5, OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82−0.92); this SNP showed linkage disequilibrium with rs4907986. A single SNP of VEGF, rs833058, showed association with hip OA in men (P = 1.35 × 10−5, OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79−0.91). After additional samples were genotyped, association at one of the COL11A1 signals was reinforced, whereas association at VEGF was slightly weakened. Conclusion Two candidate genes, COL11A1 and VEGF, were significantly associated with OA in this focused meta-analysis. The remaining candidate genes were not associated.
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Sarrión P, Mellibovsky L, Urreizti R, Civit S, Cols N, García-Giralt N, Yoskovitz G, Aranguren A, Malouf J, Di Gregorio S, Río LD, Güerri R, Nogués X, Díez-Pérez A, Grinberg D, Balcells S. Genetic analysis of high bone mass cases from the BARCOS cohort of Spanish postmenopausal women. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94607. [PMID: 24736728 PMCID: PMC3988071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study were to establish the prevalence of high bone mass (HBM) in a cohort of Spanish postmenopausal women (BARCOS) and to assess the contribution of LRP5 and DKK1 mutations and of common bone mineral density (BMD) variants to a HBM phenotype. Furthermore, we describe the expression of several osteoblast-specific and Wnt-pathway genes in primary osteoblasts from two HBM cases. A 0.6% of individuals (10/1600) displayed Z-scores in the HBM range (sum Z-score >4). While no mutation in the relevant exons of LRP5 was detected, a rare missense change in DKK1 was found (p.Y74F), which cosegregated with the phenotype in a small pedigree. Fifty-five BMD SNPs from Estrada et al. [NatGenet 44:491-501,2012] were genotyped in the HBM cases to obtain risk scores for each individual. In this small group of samples, Z-scores were found inversely related to risk scores, suggestive of a polygenic etiology. There was a single exception, which may be explained by a rare penetrant genetic variant, counterbalancing the additive effect of the risk alleles. The expression analysis in primary osteoblasts from two HBM cases and five controls suggested that IL6R, DLX3, TWIST1 and PPARG are negatively related to Z-score. One HBM case presented with high levels of RUNX2, while the other displayed very low SOX6. In conclusion, we provide evidence of lack of LRP5 mutations and of a putative HBM-causing mutation in DKK1. Additionally, we present SNP genotyping and expression results that suggest additive effects of several genes for HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sarrión
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Mellibovsky
- Unitat de Recerca en Fisiologia Òssia i Articular (URFOA), Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Civit
- Departament d'Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Cols
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natàlia García-Giralt
- Unitat de Recerca en Fisiologia Òssia i Articular (URFOA), Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guy Yoskovitz
- Unitat de Recerca en Fisiologia Òssia i Articular (URFOA), Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Aranguren
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Malouf
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvana Di Gregorio
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- CETIR Medical Imaging Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luís Del Río
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- CETIR Medical Imaging Centre, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Güerri
- Unitat de Recerca en Fisiologia Òssia i Articular (URFOA), Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- Unitat de Recerca en Fisiologia Òssia i Articular (URFOA), Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo Díez-Pérez
- Unitat de Recerca en Fisiologia Òssia i Articular (URFOA), Institut Municipal d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Tematica de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Balcells
- Departament de Genètica, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Im GI, Kim MK. The relationship between osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:101-9. [PMID: 24196872 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP), the two most common skeletal disorders related to aging, is controversial. Previous studies suggest that OA is inversely related to OP when studied cross-sectionally and systematically. However, there are differences in the results depending on the parameter used to define OA. The purpose of this review is to analyze and summarize the literature, and derive possible answers to three key questions along with a brief introduction on underlying mechanisms: (1) Is OA correlated to a high bone mineral density (BMD)? (2) Does OA influence the progression of OP or osteoporotic fractures? (3) Does high BMD affect the incidence and progression of OA? A review of the literature suggests that OA is inversely related to OP in general when studied cross-sectionally and systematically. However, when analyzed in individual bones, the BMD of the appendicular skeleton in OA-affected joints may decrease, particularly in the upper extremities. On whether OA influences bone loss or osteoporotic fractures, differences are observed according to the affected joints. The risk for osteoporotic fracture does not seem to decrease despite a high BMD in patients with OA, probably due to postural instability and muscle strength. Low BMD at the lumbar spine is associated with a lower incidence of knee OA although it does not arrest the progression of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, 410-773, Republic of Korea,
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Bates JT, Jacobs JC, Shea KG, Oxford JT. Emerging genetic basis of osteochondritis dissecans. Clin Sports Med 2014; 33:199-220. [PMID: 24698039 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide an unbiased approach in the identification of genes that increase the risk for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Recent GWAS in humans, horses, and pigs are reviewed and genes identified. The identified genes tended to cluster with respect to function and biologic processes. GWAS in humans are a critical next step in the effort to provide a better understanding of the causes of OCD, which will, in turn, allow preventive strategies for treatment of adolescents and young adults who are at risk for the development of degenerative joint disease due to the effects of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tyler Bates
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center, Musculoskeletal Research Institute, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - John C Jacobs
- University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Kevin G Shea
- St. Luke's Sports Medicine, St. Luke's Health System, St. Luke's Children's Hospital, 600 North Robbins Road, Suite 400, Boise, ID 83702, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center, Musculoskeletal Research Institute, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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Molecular insight into the association between cartilage regeneration and ear wound healing in genetic mouse models: targeting new genes in regeneration. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1881-91. [PMID: 24002865 PMCID: PMC3815053 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.007302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a complex trait with few genetic models available. Mouse strains LG/J and MRL are exceptional healers. Using recombinant inbred strains from a large (LG/J, healer) and small (SM/J, nonhealer) intercross, we have previously shown a positive genetic correlation between ear wound healing, knee cartilage regeneration, and protection from osteoarthritis. We hypothesize that a common set of genes operates in tissue healing and articular cartilage regeneration. Taking advantage of archived histological sections from recombinant inbred strains, we analyzed expression of candidate genes through branched-chain DNA technology directly from tissue lysates. We determined broad-sense heritability of candidates, Pearson correlation of candidates with healing phenotypes, and Ward minimum variance cluster analysis for strains. A bioinformatic assessment of allelic polymorphisms within and near candidate genes was also performed. The expression of several candidates was significantly heritable among strains. Although several genes correlated with both ear wound healing and cartilage healing at a marginal level, the expression of four genes representing DNA repair (Xrcc2, Pcna) and Wnt signaling (Axin2, Wnt16) pathways was significantly positively correlated with both phenotypes. Cluster analysis accurately classified healers and nonhealers for seven out of eight strains based on gene expression. Specific sequence differences between LG/J and SM/J were identified as potential causal polymorphisms. Our study suggests a common genetic basis between tissue healing and osteoarthritis susceptibility. Mapping genetic variations causing differences in diverse healing responses in multiple tissues may reveal generic healing processes in pursuit of new therapeutic targets designed to induce or enhance regeneration and, potentially, protection from osteoarthritis.
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Contribution of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to Wnt pathway activity in prevalent skeletal disorders. Gene 2013; 532:165-72. [PMID: 24096177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that the expression of Wnt-related genes is lower in osteoporotic hip fractures than in osteoarthritis. We aimed to confirm those results by analyzing β-catenin levels and explored potential genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved. β-Catenin gene expression and nuclear levels were analyzed by real time PCR and confocal immunofluorescence. Increased nuclear β-catenin was found in osteoblasts isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (99 ± 4 units vs. 76 ± 12, p=0.01, n=10), without differences in gene transcription, which is consistent with a post-translational down-regulation of β-catenin and decreased Wnt pathway activity. Twenty four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes showing differential expression between fractures and osteoarthritis (WNT4, WNT10A, WNT16 and SFRP1) were analyzed in DNA isolated from blood of 853 patients. The genotypic frequencies were similar in both groups of patients, with no significant differences. Methylation of Wnt pathway genes was analyzed in bone tissue samples (15 with fractures and 15 with osteoarthritis) by interrogating a CpG-based methylation array. Six genes showed significant methylation differences between both groups of patients: FZD10, TBL1X, CSNK1E, WNT8A, CSNK1A1L and SFRP4. The DNA demethylating agent 5-deoxycytidine up-regulated 8 genes, including FZD10, in an osteoblast-like cell line, whereas it down-regulated other 16 genes. In conclusion, Wnt activity is reduced in patients with hip fractures, in comparison with those with osteoarthritis. It does not appear to be related to differences in the allele frequencies of the Wnt genes studied. On the other hand, methylation differences between both groups could contribute to explain the differences in Wnt activity.
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Key Words
- 5-aza-2-deoxy-azacytidine
- AzadC
- Bone diseases
- C-terminal binding protein 1
- CACYBP
- CAMK2G
- CSNK1A1
- CSNK1A1L
- CSNK1E
- CTBP1
- Ct
- DNA methylation
- FDR
- FOS-like antigen 1
- FOSL1
- FRZB
- FZD10
- Fractures
- GSK3B
- GWAS
- HWE
- Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- LRP5
- PLCB3
- PPP2R1A
- RHOA
- SFRP1
- SFRP4
- TATA box binding protein
- TBL1X
- TBP
- WNT10A
- WNT16
- WNT4
- WNT8A
- Wnt
- calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma
- calcyclin binding protein
- casein kinase 1, alpha 1
- casein kinase 1, alpha 1-like
- casein kinase 1, epsilon
- false discovery rate
- frizzled homolog 10
- frizzled-related protein
- genome-wide association study
- glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
- lipoprotein receptor related protein 5
- phospholipase C, beta 3 (phosphatidylinositol-specific)
- protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), regulatory subunit A, alpha isoform
- ras homolog gene family, member A
- secreted frizzled-related protein 1
- secreted frizzled-related protein 4
- threshold cycle
- transducin (beta)-like 1X-linked
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 10A
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 16
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 4
- wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 8A
- β-Catenin
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Joiner DM, Less KD, Van Wieren EM, Hess D, Williams BO. Heterozygosity for an inactivating mutation in low-density lipoprotein-related receptor 6 (Lrp6) increases osteoarthritis severity in mice after ligament and meniscus injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1576-85. [PMID: 23756208 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an integral and complex role in cartilage development and maintenance. β-catenin signaling has been linked to osteoarthritis (OA), but the role of Lrp6-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling during OA remains unexplored. Mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin co-receptors LRP5 and LRP6 (low-density lipoprotein-related receptors 5 and 6) result in skeletal abnormalities, which tend to be more severe in Lrp6 mutant mice. We examined OA development, chondrocyte and osteoblast behavior, and β-catenin signaling after ligament and meniscus damage in mice with global heterozygous deletion of Lrp6. DESIGN Ligament and meniscus damage was surgically induced in Lrp6(+/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, and evidence of joint disease was assessed by Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and catabolic enzyme activity were measured. RESULTS Relative to WT mice, Lrp6(+/-) mice had lower nuclear β-catenin signaling within articular cartilage. After surgery, osteophytes and reduced articular cartilage were apparent in WT mice, but more severe in Lrp6(+/-) animals. Impairments to trabecular bone geometry occurred for WT and Lrp6(+/-) mice after surgery. Relative to WT mice, Lrp6(+/-) mice had reduced trabecular BMD and thickness, and Cyclin D1 and Lrp6 gene expression after surgery. There was an increase in apoptotic cells and serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) for Lrp6(+/-) mice after surgery, but no differences in cell proliferation occurred. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in Lrp6 leads to less β-catenin signaling within articular cartilage and to increased degenerative joint disease after ligament and meniscus injury. Modulation of Lrp6 function could attenuate joint disease after damage to ligaments and the meniscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Joiner
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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Sassi N, Laadhar L, Allouche M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Hamdoun M, Klein-Nulend J, Makni S, Sellami S. Wnt signaling is involved in human articular chondrocyte de-differentiation in vitro. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:29-40. [PMID: 23901947 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.811285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the world. Certain signaling pathways, such as the wnt pathway, are involved in cartilage pathology. Osteoarthritic chondrocytes undergo morphological and biochemical changes that lead to chondrocyte de-differentiation. We investigated whether the Wnt pathway is involved in de-differentiation of human articular chondrocytes in vitro. Human articular chondrocytes were cultured for four passages in the presence or absence of IL-1 in monolayer or micromass culture. Changes in cell morphology were monitored by light microscopy. Protein and gene expression of chondrocyte markers and Wnt pathway components were determined by Western blotting and qPCR after culture. After culturing for four passages, chondrocytes exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology. Collagen type II and aggrecan protein and gene expression decreased, while collagen type I, matrix metalloproteinase 13, and nitric oxide synthase expressions increased. Wnt molecule expression profiles changed; Wnt5a protein expression, the Wnt target gene, c-jun, and in Wnt pathway regulator, sFRP4 increased. Treatment with IL-1 caused chondrocyte morphology to become more filament-like. This change in morphology was accompanied by extinction of col II expression and increased col I, MMP13 and eNOS expression. Changes in expression of the Wnt pathway components also were observed. Wnt7a decreased significantly, while Wnt5a, LRP5, β-catenin and c-jun expressions increased. Culture of human articular chondrocytes with or without IL-1 not only induced chondrocyte de-differentiation, but also changed the expression profiles of Wnt components, which suggests that the Wnt pathway is involved in chondrocyte de-differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar
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García-Ibarbia C, Pérez-Castrillón JL, Ortiz F, Velasco J, Zarrabeitia MT, Sumillera M, Riancho JA. Wnt-related genes and large-joint osteoarthritis: association study and replication. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2875-80. [PMID: 23864140 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has a strong genetic component, and experimental evidence suggests the involvement of the Wnt pathway in its pathogenesis. Hence, we explored the association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the Wnt pathway with hip and knee OA. Seventy-eight SNPs were analyzed in 606 patients undergoing joint replacement and in 680 control subjects. SNPs were located in WNT1, WNT10A, WNT16, DVL2, FZD5, BCL9, SFRP1, TCF7L1 and SFRP4 genes. SNPs significantly associated with OA were genotyped in an independent group of 369 patients and 407 controls. One SNP in WNT10A, rs3806557, was associated with hip OA in men (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.93; p = 0.017), but the association was not confirmed in the replication phase. The TCF7L1 polymorphism rs11547160 was also associated with hip OA in the discovery set, but not in the replication set. Similarly, the SFRP4 SNP rs1052981 was associated with knee OA in women with OR of 2.73 (95% CI 1.29-5.8; p = 0.006), but the association was not replicated. The BCL9 polymorphism rs2353525 was associated with knee OA in women, both in the unadjusted and in the age- and BMI-adjusted analysis (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.34-2.98; p = 0.0006). A similar, but not statistically significant, trend was observed in the replication phase. In the combined analysis, OR was 3.13 (1.34-7.28; p = 0.009). These data suggest that some SNPs of genes related to the Wnt pathway and, specifically BCL9, influence the genetic predisposition to osteoarthritis of the large joints in a sex- and joint-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen García-Ibarbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla, IFIMAV, University of Cantabria, Av Valdecilla sn, 39008, Santander, Spain
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Romero-Cerecero O, Meckes-Fischer M, Zamilpa A, Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer J, Nicasio-Torres P, Pérez-García D, Tortoriello J. Clinical trial for evaluating the effectiveness and tolerability of topical Sphaeralcea angustifolia treatment in hand osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:467-473. [PMID: 23528365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sphaeralcea angustifolia Cavanilles & Don (Malvaceae), known in Mexico as "Vara de San José", is used in Mexican Traditional Medicine as an anti-inflammatory and, more specifically, for treating rheumatism. Anti-inflammatory properties have been demonstrated in different pharmacological models. AIM OF THE STUDY The therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability of the topical administration of a gel elaborated with a standardized Sphaeralcea angustifolia extract applied to patients with Hand osteoarthritis (HOA) was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pharmaceutical formulation in a gel presentation that contained a standardized extract (hydroxycoumarin content) of Sphaeralcea angustifolia was elaborated and later evaluated in a double-blind, randomized study controlled with a similar formulation containing 2% diclofenac. Treatments were administered topically for 4 weeks on the affected hand(s). Clinical evolution was followed weekly by means of the Algofunctional Index (AFI) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 130 participants were included in the study. Among these, 113 were considered in the analysis (55 in the experimental group and 58 in the control group). In both groups, important improvement in the patients' symptomatology was noted. Therapeutic effectiveness was 89% and 91.3% in the two groups, respectively, without a statistically significant difference between the groups. None of the treatments presented any adverse effects. CONCLUSION The 4-week topical administration of a gel formulation elaborated with a 1% standardized extract of Sphaeralcea angustifolia showed therapeutic effectiveness and tolerability when administered to patients with HOA, without exhibiting significant differences when compared with the effect observed in patients treated with 2% diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Romero-Cerecero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Col. Centro, 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
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Roudier M, Li X, Niu QT, Pacheco E, Pretorius JK, Graham K, Yoon BRP, Gong J, Warmington K, Ke HZ, Black RA, Hulme J, Babij P. Sclerostin is expressed in articular cartilage but loss or inhibition does not affect cartilage remodeling during aging or following mechanical injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:721-31. [PMID: 23233270 DOI: 10.1002/art.37802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sclerostin plays a major role in regulating skeletal bone mass, but its effects in articular cartilage are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic loss or pharmacologic inhibition of sclerostin has an impact on knee joint articular cartilage. METHODS Expression of sclerostin was determined in articular cartilage and bone tissue obtained from mice, rats, and human subjects, including patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Mice with genetic knockout (KO) of sclerostin and pharmacologic inhibition of sclerostin with a sclerostin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) in aged male rats and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were used to study the effects of sclerostin on pathologic processes in the knee joint. The rat medial meniscus tear (MMT) model of OA was used to investigate the pharmacologic efficacy of systemic Scl-Ab or intraarticular (IA) delivery of a sclerostin antibody-Fab (Scl-Fab) fragment. RESULTS Sclerostin expression was detected in rodent and human articular chondrocytes. No difference was observed in the magnitude or distribution of sclerostin expression between normal and OA cartilage or bone. Sclerostin-KO mice showed no difference in histopathologic features of the knee joint compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Pharmacologic treatment of intact aged male rats or OVX female rats with Scl-Ab had no effect on morphologic characteristics of the articular cartilage. In the rat MMT model, pharmacologic treatment of animals with either systemic Scl-Ab or IA injection of Scl-Fab had no effect on lesion development or severity. CONCLUSION Genetic absence of sclerostin does not alter the normal development of age-dependent OA in mice, and pharmacologic inhibition of sclerostin with Scl-Ab has no impact on articular cartilage remodeling in rats with posttraumatic OA.
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Corrado A, Neve A, Macchiarola A, Gaudio A, Marucci A, Cantatore FP. RANKL/OPG ratio and DKK-1 expression in primary osteoblastic cultures from osteoarthritic and osteoporotic subjects. J Rheumatol 2013; 40:684-94. [PMID: 23457386 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of Dickkopf-1 protein factor (DKK-1), DKK-2, and β-catenin, components of the Wnt pathway, in human osteoarthritic (OA) and osteoporotic (OP) osteoblasts and to correlate it to cell metabolic activity, proliferation, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) expression. METHODS Primary human osteoblast cultures were obtained from healthy, OA, and OP donors. In each cell population we evaluated DKK-1, DKK-2, nonphosphorylated β-catenin and RANKL/OPG expression, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) synthesis, and cell proliferation, both in basal condition and after vitamin D3 stimulation. RESULTS DKK-1 and DKK-2 showed opposite patterns of expression in OA and OP osteoblasts. The RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly higher in the OP group because of a greater expression of RANKL, whereas it was significantly lower in the OA group because of a higher expression of OPG. Treatment with vitamin D3 increased the RANKL/OPG ratio and DKK-2 expression and reduced DKK-1 expression in each cell population, but did not affect β-catenin levels. Both osteocalcin and ALP production and cell proliferation were enhanced in OA cells and reduced in the OP ones. CONCLUSION These data confirm that OA and OP are characterized by opposite bone changes, consisting of reduced bone remodeling processes with increased osteoblast activity in OA, and enhanced bone resorptive activity with reduction of osteoblast metabolism in OP, and suggest that the Wnt pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, University of Foggia; Orthopedic Surgery Unit, Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Giner M, Montoya MJ, Vázquez MA, Miranda C, Pérez-Cano R. Differences in osteogenic and apoptotic genes between osteoporotic and osteoarthritic patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23351916 PMCID: PMC3584899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by a reduction in bone mass and deterioration in the microarchitectural structure of the bone, leading to a higher risk for spontaneous and fragility fractures. The main aim was to study the differences between human bone from osteoporotic and osteoarthritic patients about gene expression (osteogenesis and apoptosis), bone mineral density, microstructural and biomechanic parameters. Methods We analyzed data from 12 subjects: 6 with osteoporotic hip fracture (OP) and 6 with hip osteoarthritis (OA), as the control group. All subjects underwent medical history, analytical determinations, densitometry, histomorphometric and biochemical study. The expression of 86 genes of osteogenesis and 86 genes of apoptosis was studied in pool of bone samples from patients with OP and OA by PCR array. Results We observed that most of the genes of apoptosis and osteogenesis show a decrease in gene expression in the osteoporotic group in comparison with the osteoarthritic group. The histomorphometric study shows a lower bone quality in the group of patients with hip fractures compared to the osteoarthritic group. Conclusions The bone tissue of osteoporotic fracture patients is more fragile than the bone of OA patients. Our results showed an osteoporotic bone with a lower capacities for differentiation and osteoblastic activity as well as a lower rate of apoptosis than osteoarthritic bone. These results are related with structural and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Giner
- Bone Metabolism Unit, Internal Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Avda, Dr, Fedriani s/n, 41009, Sevilla, Spain.
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Joiner DM, Ke J, Zhong Z, Xu HE, Williams BO. LRP5 and LRP6 in development and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:31-9. [PMID: 23245947 PMCID: PMC3592934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein-related receptors 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) are highly homologous proteins with key functions in canonical Wnt signaling. Alterations in the genes encoding these receptors or their interacting proteins are linked to human diseases, and as such they have been a major focus of drug development efforts to treat several human conditions including osteoporosis, cancer, and metabolic disease. Here, we discuss the links between alterations in LRP5/6 and disease, proteins that interact with them, and insights gained into their function from mouse models. We also highlight current drug development related to LRP5/6 as well as how the recent elucidation of their crystal structures may allow further refinement of our ability to target them for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danese M. Joiner
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jiyuan Ke
- Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zhendong Zhong
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - H. Eric Xu
- Center for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Laboratory of Structural Sciences, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O. Williams
- Center for Skeletal Disease Research, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Delgado-Calle J, Fernández AF, Sainz J, Zarrabeitia MT, Sañudo C, García-Renedo R, Pérez-Núñez MI, García-Ibarbia C, Fraga MF, Riancho JA. Genome-wide profiling of bone reveals differentially methylated regions in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:197-205. [DOI: 10.1002/art.37753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Delgado-Calle J, Garmilla P, Riancho JA. Do epigenetic marks govern bone mass and homeostasis? Curr Genomics 2012; 13:252-63. [PMID: 23115526 PMCID: PMC3382279 DOI: 10.2174/138920212800543129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a specialized connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix in which cells are embedded. Besides providing the internal support of the body and protection for vital organs, bone also has several important metabolic functions, especially in mineral homeostasis. Far from being a passive tissue, it is continuously being resorbed and formed again throughout life, by a process known as bone remodeling. Bone development and remodeling are influenced by many factors, some of which may be modifiable in the early steps of life. Several studies have shown that environmental factors in uterus and in infancy may modify the skeletal growth pattern, influencing the risk of bone disease in later life. On the other hand, bone remodeling is a highly orchestrated multicellular process that requires the sequential and balanced events of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. These processes are accompanied by specific gene expression patterns which are responsible for the differentiation of the mesenchymal and hematopoietic precursors of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, and the activity of differentiated bone cells. This review summarizes the current understanding of how epigenetic mechanisms influence these processes and their possible role in common skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Delgado-Calle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U.M. Valdecilla-IFIMAV-University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Kumarasinghe DD, Sullivan T, Kuliwaba JS, Fazzalari NL, Atkins GJ. Evidence for the dysregulated expression of TWIST1, TGFβ1 and SMAD3 in differentiating osteoblasts from primary hip osteoarthritis patients. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1357-66. [PMID: 22820497 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared human primary osteoblasts derived from hip osteoarthritis (OA) cases against controls (CTLs) to investigate candidate OA disease genes, twist homologue 1 (TWIST1), wingless MMTV integration site family member 5B (WNT5B), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ1) and SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3), during osteoblast differentiation, relative to calcium apposition and elemental mineral composition. MATERIALS & METHODS Primary osteoblast cultures were generated from intertrochanteric trabecular bone samples from five female primary hip OA cases and five age-matched female CTLs. During a 42-day differentiation time-course, alizarin red stains, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and real-time RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to quantify calcium, elemental composition and gene expression, respectively. Data were analysed using linear mixed effects models and Pearson correlation matrices. RESULTS Significant differences, correlations and associations were found in OA and CTL osteoblasts between gene and mineral measures. The calcium: phosphorous (Ca:P) ratio was significantly more varied in OA compared to CTL. Calcium apposition, mineral composition as well as TWIST1 and TGFβ1 mRNA expression changed significantly over time. TWIST1 mRNA expression was elevated and correlated with SMAD3 mRNA levels in the OA cohort during the time-course. Associations were observed between tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), osteocalcin (OCN), TWIST1, TGFβ1, SMAD3 mRNA levels and mineral measures in OA against CTL. Temporal differences between SMAD3 mRNA expression and mineral composition were also found in OA. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of TWIST1, TGFβ1 and SMAD3 mRNA observed in OA bone is reflected in the functionality of the osteoblast when these cells are cultured ex vivo. The results presented here are consistent with at least part of the aetiology of primary hip OA deriving from altered intrinsic properties of the osteoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Kumarasinghe
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Discipline of Orthopaedics & Trauma, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Xu Y, Barter MJ, Swan DC, Rankin KS, Rowan AD, Santibanez-Koref M, Loughlin J, Young DA. Identification of the pathogenic pathways in osteoarthritic hip cartilage: commonality and discord between hip and knee OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:1029-38. [PMID: 22659600 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define for the first time the transcriptomes of normal and end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) hip cartilage. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA was isolated from cartilage within 2h of joint replacement surgery. Gene expression was analyzed using Agilent GeneSpring GX 11 following hybridization to Illumina Human HT-12 V3 microarrays. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the expression of six genes identified by microarray as differentially expressed. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to investigate enriched functions or canonical pathways amongst differentially expressed genes respectively. RESULTS In total we identified 998 differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ ±1.5, P-value ≤ 0.01) between neck of femur fracture (NOF) (n = 10) and OA hip (n = 9) patient cartilage. These differentially expressed genes were enriched within 71 canonical pathways. A comparison between a comparable knee dataset(20) only identified 229 genes similarly differentially expressed although remarkably 34 canonical pathways overlapped between experiments. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to report a comprehensive gene expression analysis of human hip OA cartilage compared to control (NOF) cartilage at the whole-genome level. Our differential gene expression dataset shows excellent correlation with similar defined studies using comparable tissue but reveals discord between hip and knee OA at the individual gene status but with commonality with regards the molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, 4th Floor, Cookson Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Díaz-Prado S, Cicione C, Muiños-López E, Hermida-Gómez T, Oreiro N, Fernández-López C, Blanco FJ. Characterization of microRNA expression profiles in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:144. [PMID: 22883423 PMCID: PMC3495209 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease characterized by destruction of the articular cartilage due to environmental, mechanical and genetic components. The genetics of OA is complex and is not completely understood. Recent works have demonstrated the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cartilage function. MiRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are involved in different cellular process: apoptosis, proliferation, development, glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the expression profile of miRNAs in normal and OA chondrocytes and to determine their role in the OA. Methods Chondrocytes were moved to aggregate culture and evaluated using histological and qPCR techniques. miRNAs were isolated and analyzed using the Agilent Human miRNA Microarray. Results Of the 723 miRNAs analyzed, 7 miRNAs showed a statistically significant differential expression. Amongst these 7 human miRNAs, 1 was up-regulated in OA chondrocytes (hsa-miR-483-5p) and 6 were up-regulated in normal chondrocytes (hsa-miR-149*, hsa-miR-582-3p, hsa-miR-1227, hsa-miR-634, hsa-miR-576-5p and hsa-miR-641). These profiling results were validated by the detection of some selected miRNAs by qPCR. In silico analyses predicted that key molecular pathways potentially altered by the miRNAs differentially expressed in normal and OA chondrocytes include TGF-beta, Wnt, Erb and mTOR signalling; all of them implicated in the development, maintenance and destruction of articular cartilage. Conclusions We have identified 7 miRNAs differentially expressed in OA and normal chondrocytes. Our potential miRNA target predictions and the signalling cascades altered by the differentially expressed miRNAs supports the potential involvement of the detected miRNAs in OA pathology. Due to the importance of miRNA in mediating the translation of target mRNA into protein, the identification of these miRNAs differentially expressed in normal and OA chondrocyte micropellets could have important diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Further studies are needed to know the function of these miRNAs, including the search of their target mRNA genes, which could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Díaz-Prado
- Department of Medicine, INIBIC-University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Association Study of Sirtuin 1 Polymorphisms with Bone Mineral Density and Body Mass Index. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:363-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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