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Peng Y, Li H, Liao F, Lu J, Yang W, Tan L, Lu A, Wei Y, Long L, Qu H, Fu C. Association between weight change and the predicted 10-year risk for atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease among U.S. older adults: data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1183200. [PMID: 37908690 PMCID: PMC10614635 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It remains controversial regarding the association between weight change and cardiovascular disease risk in older adults (aged ≥60 years). This study aimed to evaluate the association between weight change and the predicted 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risks in older adults. Methods This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Older adults aged 60-79 years who were free of self-reported ASCVD at the time of the NHANES interview were included. Data were collected from January 1999 to December 2018 and analyzed in March 2022. We focused on the associations between weight change and the 10-year ASCVD risks with the percentage change in weight during short-term (1 year) and long-term (10 years), which categorized as moderate to high weight loss (≥10%), small weight loss (5.1-9.9%), stable weight (±5%), small weight gain (5.1-9.9%), and moderate to high weight gain (≥10%). Results The number of participants was 1,867 (mean age 67.49 years; 42.10% female) for the long-term interval (10 years) in our analysis, and 1894 for the short-term interval (1 years). We only observed an inverse association between long-term weight loss and the 10-year ASCVD risk in fully adjusted model (loss ≥ 10%: β = 2.52, 95%CI = 0.98, 4.05; loss 5.1% ~ 9.9%: β = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.30, 4.68), but all intervals of weight gain ≥5% were not significant associated with higher risk than stable weight. However, in the subgroup analyses, the association between long-term weight loss and the 10-year ASCVD risk was not significant in old-old (aged 75-79), obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2), intentional weight loss, moderate physical activity and diabetics. Conclusion Older adults (aged 60-79 years) with weight loss >5% over the past 10 years have excess predicted 10-year ASCVD risk. Our study supports the benefits of stable weight in promoting cardiovascular health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Peng
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongzheng Li
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Liao
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jieming Lu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Tan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aimei Lu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linzi Long
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Qu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changgeng Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang J, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Suo C, Cui M, Zhang T, Chen X, Xu K. BMI trajectory of rapid and excessive weight gain during adulthood is associated with bone loss: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005-2018. J Transl Med 2023; 21:536. [PMID: 37573305 PMCID: PMC10422827 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have examined the effect of weight change on osteoporosis, but the results were controversial. Among them, few had looked at weight change over the life span. This study aimed to fill this gap and investigate the association between lifetime body mass index (BMI) trajectories and bone loss. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants at age 50 and above were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to measure the bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Standard BMI criteria were used, with < 25 kg/m2 for normal, 25-29.9 kg/m2 for overweight, and ≥ 30 kg/m2 for obesity. The latent class trajectory model (LCTM) was used to identify BMI trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between different BMI trajectories and osteoporosis or osteopenia. RESULTS For the 9,706 eligible participants, we identified four BMI trajectories, including stable (n = 7,681, 70.14%), slight increase (n = 1253, 12.91%), increase to decrease (n = 195, 2.01%), and rapid increase (n = 577, 5.94%). Compared with individuals in the stable trajectory, individuals in the rapid increase trajectory had higher odds of osteoporosis (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.19-4.23) and osteopenia (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.17). This association was only found in the lumbar spine (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.06-4.2) but not in the femoral neck. In early-stage (age 25-10 years ago) weight change, staying an obesity and stable weight seemed to have protective effects on osteoporosis (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.77) and osteopenia (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.25-0.84). Meanwhile, keeping an early-stage stable and overweight was related to lower odds of osteopenia (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34-0.83). No statistically significant association between recent (10 years ago to baseline) weight change and osteoporosis was found. CONCLUSIONS Rapid and excess weight gain during adulthood is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. But this association varies by skeletal sites. Maintaining stable overweight and obesity at an early stage may have potentially beneficial effects on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wang
- School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Suo
- School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kelin Xu
- School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200000, China.
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Zeng G, Chen X, Jiang Z, Lin J, Wu Y, Wei J. Relationship between diet-related inflammation and bone health under different levels of body mass index. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:1. [PMID: 36593489 PMCID: PMC9806903 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. Dietary inflammatory preference and body mass index (BMI) are emerging factors that tends to affect bone health. There is limited evidence regarding the joint influence of BMI and dietary status on the bone health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and bone health among adults under different levels of BMI utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Data were collected from 2005-2010, 2013-2014 to 2017-2018 in NHANES. In total, 10,521 participants who aged ≥ 20 years and had complete data for dietary intake interview, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were included. DII was performed to evaluate the dietary inflammatory potential based on dietary intake interview. We evaluated bone health by femoral neck BMD and BMC measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weighted multivariable linear regression and BMI-stratified subgroup analysis were performed. RESULTS The average DII score for 10,521 participants was 1.24 ± 0.04, mean femoral neck BMD was 0.82 ± 0.00 g/cm2 and mean BMC was 4.37 ± 0.01 g. In the fully adjusted model, there was a negative correlation between DII with BMD (β = - 0.016, P < 0.001) and BMC (β = - 0.011, P < 0.001) in the most anti-inflammatory diet. Using BMI-stratified subgroup analysis, this correlation became more evident in both the overweight (BMD: β = - 0.024, P < 0.001; BMC: β = - 0.058, P = 0.042) and obese groups (BMD: β = - 0.015, P = 0.049; BMC: β = - 0.009, P = 0.042), while this correlation was opposite in DII tertile 2 (middle DII score) in the underweight group (BMD: β = 0.047, P = 0.038; BMC: β = 0.274, P = 0.010). CONCLUSION Relationship between higher consumption of pro-inflammatory and increased risk of lower BMD and BMC was only existed in overweight and obese participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Zeng
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ziyan Jiang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Jiarong Lin
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Junping Wei
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053 China
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Lins Vieira NF, da Silva Nascimento J, do Nascimento CQ, Barros Neto JA, Oliveira Dos Santo ACS. Association between Bone Mineral Density and Nutritional Status, Body Composition and Bone Metabolism in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:71-76. [PMID: 33367465 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify an association between bone mineral density (BMD) and nutritional status, body composition and bone metabolism in older patients. METHODS Cross-sectional study, involving older adults, with osteopenia/osteoporosis and with normal BMD. The mineral density of the lumbar spine from L1 to L4 and the proximal region of the femur was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical analyzes were performed of 25(OH)-D, calcium and parathormone. Weight, knee height, and abdominal (AC), mid-upper arm (MUAC) and calf (CC) circumferences were measured. The percentage of body fat (%BF) and Fat-Free Mass (FFM) were quantified by electrical bioimpedance analysis. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. The statistical analysis used bivariate and multivariate, parametric and/or non-parametric tests, and was considered significant when p <0.05. RESULTS Of the total 51 older adults assessed, 30 of them (58.8%) were diagnosed with osteopenia/osteoporosis. Body weight (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), % BF (p = 0.030) and serum concentrations of 25(OH)-D (p = 0.003) were higher in the group without changes in BMD. BMI and serum levels of 25(OH)-D demonstrated a positive correlation with the BMD of all bone compartments and the AC displayed a positive correlation with the lumbar vertebrae. In the logistic regression models, adjusted for sex and age, the BMI and the serum concentration of 25(OH)-D were presented as a protective factor against osteopenia/osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS Higher body weight, BMI, AC and %BF, and sufficient serum levels of vitamin D, were shown to be promoters of BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Lins Vieira
- Ana Célia Oliveira dos Santos, Institute of Biological Sciences. University of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rua Arnóbio Marques, n. 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, Pernambuco, 50.100-130, Brazil. E-mail ; Telephone number: 55 81 999788103; FAX 55 8131833301
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Caloric Intake in Renal Patients: Repercussions on Mineral Metabolism. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010018. [PMID: 33374582 PMCID: PMC7822489 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review current knowledge about how calorie intake influences mineral metabolism focussing on four aspects of major interest for the renal patient: (a) phosphate (P) handling, (b) fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and calcitriol synthesis and secretion, (c) metabolic bone disease, and (d) vascular calcification (VC). Caloric intake has been shown to modulate P balance in experimental models: high caloric intake promotes P retention, while caloric restriction decreases plasma P concentrations. Synthesis and secretion of the phosphaturic hormone FGF23 is directly influenced by energy intake; a direct correlation between caloric intake and FGF23 plasma concentrations has been shown in animals and humans. Moreover, in vitro, energy availability has been demonstrated to regulate FGF23 synthesis through mechanisms in which the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is involved. Plasma calcitriol concentrations are inversely proportional to caloric intake due to modulation by FGF23 of the enzymes implicated in vitamin D metabolism. The effect of caloric intake on bone is controversial. High caloric intake has been reported to increase bone mass, but the associated changes in adipokines and cytokines may as well be deleterious for bone. Low caloric intake tends to reduce bone mass but also may provide indirect (through modulation of inflammation and insulin regulation) beneficial effects on bone. Finally, while VC has been shown to be exacerbated by diets with high caloric content, the opposite has not been demonstrated with low calorie intake. In conclusion, although prospective studies in humans are needed, when planning caloric intake for a renal patient, it is important to take into consideration the associated changes in mineral metabolism.
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Shen Z, Yu C, Guo Y, Bian Z, Wei Y, Du H, Yang L, Chen Y, Gao Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Chen Z, Lv J, Li L. Weight loss since early adulthood, later life risk of fracture hospitalizations, and bone mineral density: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:60. [PMID: 32307596 PMCID: PMC7167376 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In a Chinese population from both urban and rural areas, weight loss of ≥ 5 kg from early adulthood to midlife was associated with a higher risk of hip fracture and lower BMD in later life. INTRODUCTION This study investigates the association of the long-term weight loss from young adulthood through the middle ages with the subsequent 10-year risk of hospitalized fracture and calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) was established during 2004-2008 in ten areas across China. Weight at age 25 years was self-reported at baseline, and weight at baseline and resurvey was measured by the calibrated equipment. Outcomes were hospitalized fracture during follow-up and calcaneus BMD measured at resurvey. Analysis for fracture risk included 411,812 participants who were free of fracture in the last 5 years before baseline, cancer, or stroke at any time before baseline. Analysis for BMD included 21,453 participants who participated in the resurvey of 2013-2014 with the same exclusion criteria as above. RESULTS The mean age was 50.8 at baseline and 58.4 at resurvey. Median weight change from age 25 to baseline was 4.4 kg, with 20.7% losing weight and 58.5% gaining weight. During a median follow-up of 10.1 years, we documented 13,065 cases of first diagnosed fracture hospitalizations, including 1222 hip fracture. Compared with participants whose weight was stable (± 2.4 kg), the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for those with weight loss of ≥ 5.0 kg from age 25 to baseline was 1.39 (1.17 to 1.66) for hip fracture. Weight loss was not associated with fracture risk at other sites. Those with weight loss from age 25 to resurvey had the lowest BMD measures, with β (95% CIs) of - 4.52 (- 5.08 to - 3.96) for broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), - 4.83 (- 6.98, - 2.67) for speed of sound (SOS), and - 4.36 (- 5.22, - 3.49) for stiffness index (SI). CONCLUSIONS Weight loss from early adulthood to midlife was associated with a higher risk of hip fracture and lower BMD in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yulian Gao
- Huixian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huixian, Henan, China
| | - Xukui Zhang
- Huixian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huixian, Henan, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Caloric restriction induces anabolic resistance to resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1155-1164. [PMID: 32236752 PMCID: PMC8233264 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Weight loss can result in the loss of muscle mass and bone mineral density. Resistance exercise is commonly prescribed to attenuate these effects. However, the anabolic endocrine response to resistance exercise during caloric restriction has not been characterized. Methods Participants underwent 3-day conditions of caloric restriction (15 kcal kg FFM−1) with post-exercise carbohydrate (CRC) and with post-exercise protein (CRP), and an energy balance control (40 kcal kg FFM−1) with post-exercise carbohydrate (CON). Serial blood draws were taken following five sets of five repetitions of the barbell back squat exercise on day 3 of each condition. Results In CRC and CRP, respectively, growth hormone peaked at 2.6 ± 0.4 and 2.5 ± 0.9 times the peak concentrations observed during CON. Despite this, insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations declined 18.3 ± 3.4% in CRC and 27.2 ± 3.8% in CRP, which was greater than the 7.6 ± 3.6% decline in CON, over the subsequent 24 h. Sclerostin increased over the first 2 days of each intervention by 19.2 ± 5.6% in CRC, 21.8 ± 6.2% in CRP and 13.4 ± 5.9% in CON, but following the resistance exercise bout, these increases were attenuated and no longer significant. Conclusion During caloric restriction, there is considerable endocrine anabolic resistance to a single bout of resistance exercise which persists in the presence of post-exercise whey protein supplementation. Alternative strategies to restore the sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor-1 to growth hormone need to be explored. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00421-020-04354-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zhou T, Qi L. Vitamin D, genetics, and bone mineral density during weight loss. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:465-471. [PMID: 31577641 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review is to summarize the recent progress in the research of the relation between vitamin D and bone mineral density (BMD) during weight-loss interventions, and describe how genetic factors interact with weight-loss interventions on changes in bone health. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity has shown to be a protective factor for bone health, whereas the relation between weight loss and BMD has yet to be well established. Although beneficial on a variety of metabolic outcomes, weight-loss interventions, such as dietary modifications and surgical treatment, showed adverse effects on bone health in some studies. Despite the biological plausibility for a role of vitamin D in promoting bone health, current evidence does not consistently support the connection between changes in circulating vitamin D levels and BMD during weight loss, partly because of insufficient vitamin D levels during weight loss. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants related to the blood levels of vitamin D; and emerging evidence suggests that dietary intakes may modify the relationship between genetically determined circulating vitamin D levels and change in BMD in response to weight-loss diets. SUMMARY The relations of changes in circulating vitamin D levels with bone health during weight-loss interventions remain to be established, and the role of genetic factors would be considered in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Scott D, Seibel MJ, Cumming R, Naganathan V, Blyth F, Le Couteur DG, Handelsman DJ, Hsu B, Waite LM, Hirani V. Associations of Body Composition Trajectories with Bone Mineral Density, Muscle Function, Falls, and Fractures in Older Men: The Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 75:939-945. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Weight loss increases fracture risk in older adults. We aimed to determine associations of 2-year body composition trajectories with subsequent falls and fractures in older men.
Methods
We measured appendicular lean mass (ALM) and total fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and Year 2 in 1,326 community-dwelling men aged ≥70 and older. Body composition trajectories were determined from residuals of a linear regression of change in ALM on change in FM (higher values indicate maintenance of ALM over FM), and a categorical variable for change in ALM and FM (did not lose [≥−5% change] versus lost [<−5% change]). Bone mineral density (BMD), hand grip strength, and gait speed were assessed at Years 2 and 5. After Year 2, incident fractures (confirmed by radiographical reports) and falls were recorded for 6.8 years.
Results
Compared with men who did not lose ALM or FM, men who did not lose ALM but lost FM, and men who lost both ALM and FM, had reduced falls (−24% and −34%, respectively; both p < .05). Men who lost ALM but did not lose FM had increased falls (incidence rate ratio = 1.73; 95% CI 1.37–2.18). ALM/FM change residuals were associated with improved lumbar spine BMD (B = 0.007; 95% CI 0.002–0.012 g/cm2 per SD increase) and gait speed (0.015; 0.001–0.029 m/s), and reduced hip fractures (hazard ratio = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47–0.99).
Conclusions
Fracture risk may be increased in older men who lose higher ALM relative to FM. Weight loss interventions for obese older men should target maintenance of lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scott
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne Medical School – Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, and Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Cumming
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Blyth
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute & Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital & ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjumin Hsu
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital & ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing and Alzheimer’s Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Papageorgiou M, Kerschan-Schindl K, Sathyapalan T, Pietschmann P. Is Weight Loss Harmful for Skeletal Health in Obese Older Adults? Gerontology 2019; 66:2-14. [DOI: 10.1159/000500779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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11
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Veronese N, Reginster JY. The effects of calorie restriction, intermittent fasting and vegetarian diets on bone health. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:753-758. [PMID: 30903600 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Uncountable health care organizations, clinicians, and individuals are striving to prevent obesity and the many chronic medical conditions linked to it by advocating a healthy lifestyle that includes measures such as reducing dietary calorie intake (i.e., calorie restriction = CR and intermittent fasting = IF) or limiting/abolishing animal source foods (i.e., practices termed vegetarianism and veganism). Although these regimens are traditionally considered healthy, their real impact on bone health has yet to be established, and some studies have reported that they have negative effects on bone outcomes. The current work provides an overview of the studies carried out to examine the effect/s of CR, IF and vegetarian/vegan diets on bone health, and, in particular, on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Although data on this subject are limited to small studies and there is no information specifically referring to fractures, CR, but not IF, seems to reduce BMD but does not seem to affect bone quality. Vegetarian diets (particularly vegan ones) are associated with significantly lower BMD values with respect to omnivorous ones and could, potentially, increase the risk of fractures. Given these considerations, individuals who decide to follow these diets should be aware of the risk of osteoporosis and of bone fractures and should introduce dietary sources of calcium and Vitamin D and/or supplementation. Future studies examining fracture/osteoporosis incidence in selected populations will be able expand our knowledge about the safety of these diets and the risks linked to them.
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12
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Schneider J, Ramiandrisoa D, Armbrecht G, Ritter Z, Felsenberg D, Raum K, Minonzio JG. In Vivo Measurements of Cortical Thickness and Porosity at the Proximal Third of the Tibia Using Guided Waves: Comparison with Site-Matched Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Distal High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1234-1242. [PMID: 30777311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate cortical porosity (Ct.Po) and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) using 500-kHz bi-directional axial transmission (AT). Ct.ThAT and Ct.PoAT were obtained at the tibia in 15 patients from a 2-D transverse isotropic free plate model fitted to measured guided wave dispersion curves. The velocities of the first arriving signal (υFAS) and A0 mode (υA0) were also determined. Site-matched peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provided volumetric cortical bone mineral density (Ct.vBMDpQCT) and Ct.ThpQCT. Good agreement was found between Ct.ThAT and Ct.ThpQCT (R2 = 0.62, root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.39 mm). Ct.vBMDpQCT correlated with Ct.PoAT (R2 = 0.57), υFAS (R2 = 0.43) and υA0 (R2 = 0.28). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between AT and distal high-resolution pQCT. The measurement ofcortical parameters at the tibia using guided waves might improve the prediction of bone fractures in a cost-effective and radiation-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schneider
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donatien Ramiandrisoa
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France; BleuSolid, Pomponne, France
| | - Gabriele Armbrecht
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research (ZMK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zully Ritter
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research (ZMK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research (ZMK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jean-Gabriel Minonzio
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France; Escuela de Ingeniería Civil en Informática, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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13
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Cauley JA, Burghardt AJ, Harrison SL, Cawthon PM, Schwartz AV, Connor EB, Ensrud KE, Langsetmo L, Majumdar S, Orwoll E. Accelerated Bone Loss in Older Men: Effects on Bone Microarchitecture and Strength. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1859-1869. [PMID: 29750848 PMCID: PMC6330703 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated bone loss (ABL) shown on routine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may be accompanied by microarchitectural changes, increased cortical porosity, and lower bone strength. To test this hypothesis, we performed a cross-sectional study and used high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans (Scanco Medical AG, Brüttisellen, Switzerland) to measure estimated bone strength and microarchitecture in the distal radius and distal and diaphyseal tibia. We studied 1628 men who attended the year 14 exam of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. We retrospectively characterized areal bone mineral density (aBMD) change from the year 7 to year 14 exam in three categories: "accelerated" loss, ≥10% loss at either the total hip or femoral neck (n = 299, 18.4%); "expected" loss, <10% (n = 1061, 65.2%), and "maintained" BMD, ≥0% (n = 268, 16.5%). The ABL cut-off was a safety alert established for MrOS. We used regression models to calculate adjusted mean HR-pQCT parameters in men with ABL, expected loss, or maintained BMD. Men who experienced ABL were older and had a lower body mass index and aBMD and experienced greater weight loss compared with other men. Total volumetric BMD and trabecular and cortical volumetric BMD were lower in men with ABL compared with the expected or maintained group. Men with ABL had significantly lower trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), fewer trabeculae, and greater trabecular separation at both the distal radius and tibia than men with expected loss or who maintained aBMD, all p trend <0.001. Men with ABL had lower cortical thickness and lower estimated bone strength, but there was no difference in cortical porosity except at the tibia diaphyseal site. In summary, men with ABL have lower estimated bone strength, poorer trabecular microarchitecture, and thinner cortices than men without ABL but have similar cortical porosity. These impairments may lead to an increased risk of fracture. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew J Burghardt
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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