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Leviäkangas A, Korpelainen R, Pinola P, Fridolfsson J, Nauha L, Jämsä T, Farrahi V. Associations of accelerometer-estimated free-living daily activity impact intensities with 10-year probability of osteoporotic fractures in adults. Gait Posture 2024; 112:22-32. [PMID: 38723392 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accelerometers are used to objectively measure physical activity; however, the relationship between accelerometer-based activity parameters and bone health is not well understood. This study examines the association between accelerometer-estimated daily activity impact intensities and future risk estimates of major osteoporotic fractures in a large population-based cohort. METHODS Participants were 3165 adults 46 years of age from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who agreed to wear a hip-worn accelerometer during all waking hours for 14 consecutive days. Raw accelerometer data were converted to resultant acceleration. Impact magnitude peaks were extracted and divided into 32 intensity bands, and the osteogenic index (OI) was calculated to assess the osteogenic effectiveness of various activities. Additionally, the impact peaks were categorized into three separate impact intensity categories (low, medium, and high). The 10-year probabilities of hip and all major osteoporotic fractures were estimated with FRAX-tool using clinical and questionnaire data in combination with body mass index collected at the age of 46 years. The associations of daily activity impact intensities with 10-year fracture probabilities were examined using three statistical approaches: multiple linear regression, partial correlation, and partial least squares (PLS) regression. RESULTS On average, participants' various levels of impact were 8331 (SD = 3478) low; 2032 (1248) medium; and 1295 (1468) high impacts per day. All three statistical approaches found a significant positive association between the daily number of low-intensity impacts and 10-year probability of hip and all major osteoporotic fractures. In contrast, increased number of moderate to very high daily activity impacts was associated with a lower probability of future osteoporotic fractures. A higher OI was also associated with a lower probability of future major osteoporotic fractures. CONCLUSION Low-intensity impacts might not be sufficient for reducing fracture risk in middle-aged adults, while high-intensity impacts could be beneficial for preventing major osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Leviäkangas
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Finland
| | - Pekka Pinola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of North Ostrobothnia, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Nauha
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vahid Farrahi
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Division of Data Analytics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
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Lin Z, Shi G, Liao X, Huang J, Yu M, Liu W, Luo X, Zhan H, Cai X. Correlation between sedentary activity, physical activity and bone mineral density and fat in America: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2018. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10054. [PMID: 37344579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the relationship between sedentary activity (SA) and physical activity (PA) with bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in the United States and found a negative association between SA and BMD and a positive association with body fat percentage. A positive association between PA and BMD and a negative association with body fat percentage. SA and PA are associated with changes in skeletal parameters and body fat percentage, and we aimed to investigate and compare the relationship between SA, PA and bone mineral density (BMD) and body fat percentage in men and women. We assessed the relationship between SA, PA and BMD and body fat percentage in 9787 Americans aged 20-59 years (mean age 38.28 ± 11.39 years) from NHANES 2011-2018. BMD and body fat percentage were measured by dual-energy X-ray bone densitometry (DXA). We used multiple linear regression models to examine the relationships between SA, PA and lumbar spine BMD and total body fat percentage, adjusted for a large number of confounding factors. After adjusting for race/ethnicity, age, alcohol and smoking behavior, body mass index (BMI), total protein, blood calcium, blood uric acid, cholesterol, blood phosphorus, vitamin D, and blood urea nitrogen, SA was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = - 0.0011 95% CI - 0.0020 to - 0.0002, P = 0.022), and SA was positively associated with total fat percentage (β = PA was positively associated with lumbar BMD (β = 0.0046 95% CI 0.0010 to 0.0082, P = 0.012) and there was a negative association between PA and body fat percentage (β = - 1.177 95% CI - 1.326 to -1.027, P < 0.001). Our results show that physical activity is a key component of maintaining bone health in both men and women and is strongly associated with lower body fat percentages. Sedentary activity is negatively correlated with bone density and is strongly associated with an increase in body fat percentage. Healthcare policy makers should consider reducing sedentary activity and increasing physical activity when preventing osteoporosis and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xun Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingrou Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingyu Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongrui Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiyu Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China.
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Simon A, Schäfer HS, Schmidt FN, Stürznickel J, Amling M, Rolvien T. Compartment-specific effects of muscle strength on bone microarchitecture in women at high risk of osteoporosis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2310-2321. [PMID: 35852049 PMCID: PMC9530535 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that skeletal integrity is influenced by the musculature. Poor muscle strength (i.e. sarcopenia) is considered a major predictor of fragility fractures. While this observation appears particularly relevant for older women with increased risk of osteoporosis, there has been no comprehensive investigation to determine the influence of muscle performance on compartment-specific bone microarchitecture in multiple body regions. METHODS We retrospectively analysed data from different muscle performance and bone microarchitecture assessments in 230 women (aged 21 to 87 years) at high risk of osteoporosis. Muscle performance tests included grip strength and chair rising test (CRT) combined with mechanography. Balance was determined by Romberg posturography. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the hip and lumbar spine. Compartment-specific volumetric BMD, microarchitecture, and geometry were assessed by second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at multiple skeletal sites (distal radius, tibia, and fibula). Regression models were applied to test for interactions between muscle and bone parameters. Subgroups were defined to compare women with osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia regarding BMD and microarchitecture. RESULTS While osteoporosis was diagnosed in 115/230 (50.0%) women, sarcopenia was detected in 38/230 (16.5%). Positive associations of both grip strength and CRT maximum force with cortical geometric and microarchitectural parameters were detected at all measured sites, with the strongest effect applying to CRT maximum force and tibial parameters (e.g. tibial cortical area R2 = 0.36, P < 0.0001, and tibial cortical thickness R2 = 0.26, P < 0.0001). Balance parameters showed much weaker or no associations with HR-pQCT parameters. Major associations between muscle strength and trabecular parameters could not be confirmed. Age and body mass index were confirmed as negative and positive predictors for several microarchitectural parameters, respectively. An independent predictive value of grip strength on radial, tibial, and fibular (all P < 0.01) cortical area and of CRT maximum relative force on cortical thickness (all P < 0.05) was revealed. Women with osteosarcopenia showed significantly reduced cortical HR-pQCT parameters but no differences in DXA values compared with women with osteoporosis but no sarcopenia. Stratification by fracture and treatment status revealed that vertebral fractures and denosumab treatment altered the muscle-bone interaction. CONCLUSIONS A systemic interaction between muscle strength and bone microarchitecture was demonstrated, and this interaction appears to be primarily with the cortical bone compartment. The value of muscle assessments in fracture risk evaluation may be partly mediated by their effects on bone microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Simon
- Department of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Hannah S. Schäfer
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Felix N. Schmidt
- Department of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Julian Stürznickel
- Department of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and BiomechanicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Tim Rolvien
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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Warden SJ, Wright CS, Fuchs RK. Bone Microarchitecture and Strength Adaptation to Physical Activity: A Within-Subject Controlled HRpQCT Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1179-1187. [PMID: 33394902 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity benefits bone mass and cortical bone size. The current study assessed the impact of chronic (≥10 yr) physical activity on trabecular microarchitectural properties and microfinite element analyses of estimated bone strength. METHODS Female collegiate-level tennis players (n = 15; age = 20.3 ± 0.9 yr) were used as a within-subject controlled model of chronic unilateral upper-extremity physical activity. Racquet-to-nonracquet arm differences at the distal radius and radial diaphysis were assessed using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The distal tibia and the tibial diaphysis in both legs were also assessed, and cross-country runners (n = 15; age = 20.8 ± 1.2 yr) included as controls. RESULTS The distal radius of the racquet arm had 11.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.9% to 15.7%) greater trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, with trabeculae that were greater in number, thickness, connectivity, and proximity to each other than that in the nonracquet arm (all P < 0.01). Combined with enhanced cortical bone properties, the microarchitectural advantages at the distal radius contributed a 18.7% (95% CI = 13.0% to 24.4%) racquet-to-nonracquet arm difference in predicted load before failure. At the radial diaphysis, predicted load to failure was 9.6% (95% CI = 6.7% to 12.6%) greater in the racquet versus nonracquet arm. There were fewer and smaller side-to-side differences at the distal tibia; however, the tibial diaphysis in the leg opposite the racquet arm was larger with a thicker cortex and had 4.4% (95% CI = 1.7% to 7.1%) greater strength than the contralateral leg. CONCLUSION Chronically elevated physical activity enhances trabecular microarchitecture and microfinite element estimated strength, furthering observations from short-term longitudinal studies. The data also demonstrate that tennis players exhibit crossed symmetry wherein the leg opposite the racquet arm possesses enhanced tibial properties compared with in the contralateral leg.
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Fujii N, Tsukamoto M, Okimoto N, Mori M, Ikejiri Y, Yoshioka T, Kawasaki M, Kito N, Ozawa J, Nakamura R, Takano S, Fujiwara S. Differences in the effects of BMI on bone microstructure between loaded and unloaded bones assessed by HR-pQCT in Japanese postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2021; 7:54-62. [PMID: 34278000 PMCID: PMC8261728 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The relationship between weight-related load and bone mineral density (BMD)/bone microstructure under normal load conditions using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) remains unconfirmed. The study aims to investigate the differences in effect of body mass index (BMI) on BMD/bone microstructure of loaded and unloaded bones, respectively, in Japanese postmenopausal women. Methods Fifty-seven postmenopausal women underwent HR-pQCT on the tibia and radius. Correlation analysis, principal component (PC) analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression were performed to examine the relationship between BMI and HR-pQCT parameters. Results Several microstructural parameters of the tibia and radius correlated with BMI through a simple correlation analysis, and these relationships remained unchanged even with an age-adjusted partial correlation analysis. PC analysis was conducted using seven bone microstructure parameters. The first PC (PC1) reflected all parameters of trabecular and cortical bone microstructures, except for cortical porosity, whereas the second PC (PC2) reflected only cortical bone microstructure. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that BMI was more strongly related to BMD/bone microstructure in the tibia than in the radius. Furthermore, BMI was associated with trabecular/cortical BMD, and PC1 (not PC2) of the tibia and radius. Thus, BMI was strongly related to the trabecular bone microstructure rather than the cortical bone microstructure. Conclusions Our data confirmed that BMI is associated with volumetric BMD and trabecular bone microstructure parameters in the tibia and radius. However, although BMI may be more related to HR-pQCT parameters in the tibia than in the radius, the magnitude of association is modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Fujii
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Hiroshima International University Major in Medical Engineering and Technology Graduate School of Medical Technology and Health Welfare Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Okimoto
- Okimoto Clinic, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Mori
- Department of Radiology, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ikejiri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshioka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junya Ozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Takano
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shimura Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Saeko Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ng CA, McMillan LB, Humbert L, Ebeling PR, Scott D. Feasibility, safety and effectiveness of a pilot 16-week home-based, impact exercise intervention in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:893-905. [PMID: 33159533 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The feasibility and efficacy of home-based, impact exercise are unclear. This pilot impact exercise intervention was feasible and safe, and improved bone health and physical function in postmenopausal women with low bone density. Appropriately designed randomised controlled trials are now required to determine whether such interventions can reduce fracture risk. INTRODUCTION The feasibility and efficacy of impact exercise in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD) are unclear. We aimed to determine adherence, safety and changes in BMD, bone microarchitecture and physical function following a pilot home-based, impact exercise intervention in postmenopausal women with low BMD. METHODS Fifty community-dwelling postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores < - 1.0 participated in 16 weeks of home-based impact exercise progressively increasing to 50 multi-directional unilateral hops on each leg daily. Bone density and structure were assessed by lumbar spine and hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), 3D modelling (3D-SHAPER) of hip DXA scans and distal tibial high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. Physical performance was assessed by repeated chair stand time and stair climb time. RESULTS Forty-four women (mean ± SD age 64.5 ± 7.5 years) completed the intervention, with adherence of 85.3 ± 17.3%. Reasons for withdrawal were related soreness (n = 2), unrelated injury (n = 1) and loss of interest (n = 3). Femoral neck areal BMD increased by 1.13 ± 3.76% (p = 0.048). Trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) increased at the total hip (2.27 ± 7.03%; p = 0.038) and femoral neck increased (3.20 ± 5.39%; p < 0.001). Distal tibia total vBMD increased by 0.32 ± 0.88% (p = 0.032) and cortical cross-sectional area increased by 0.55 ± 1.54% (p = 0.034). Chair stand and stair climb time improved by 2.34 ± 1.88 s (p < 0.001) and 0.27 ± 0.49 s (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION A 16-week home-based, impact exercise was feasible and may be effective in improving femoral neck areal BMD, total hip and distal tibial vBMD and physical function in postmenopausal women. Appropriately designed randomised controlled trials are now required to determine whether such interventions can reduce fracture risk in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-A Ng
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - L B McMillan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Humbert
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Galgo Medical, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine at Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Sunshine, Victoria, Australia
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Ng CA, Scott D, Seibel MJ, Cumming RG, Naganathan V, Blyth FM, Le Couteur DG, Waite LM, Handelsman DJ, Hirani V. Higher-Impact Physical Activity Is Associated With Maintenance of Bone Mineral Density But Not Reduced Incident Falls or Fractures in Older Men: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:662-672. [PMID: 33278306 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High-impact physical activities with bone strains of high magnitude and frequency may benefit bone health. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between changes in loading intensities and application rates, estimated from self-reported physical activity, with bone mineral density (BMD) changes over 5 years and also with incident falls over 2 years and long-term incident fractures in community-dwelling older men. A total of 1599 men (mean age 76.8 ± 5.4 years) from the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project (CHAMP) were assessed at baseline (2005-2007) and at 2- and 5-year follow-up. At each time point, hip and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and physical activity energy expenditure over the past week was self-reported via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) questionnaire. Sum effective load ratings (ELRs) and peak force were estimated from the PASE questionnaire, reflecting the total and highest loading intensity and application rate of physical activities, respectively. Participants were contacted every 4 months over 2 years to self-report falls and over 6.0 ± 2.2 years for fractures. Hip fractures were ascertained by data linkage for 8.9 ± 3.6 years. Compared with sum ELR and PASE scores, peak force demonstrated the greatest standardized effect size for BMD maintenance at the spine (β = 9.77 mg/cm2 ), total hip (β = 14.14 mg/cm2 ), and femoral neck (β = 13.72 mg/cm2 ) after adjustment for covariates, including PASE components (all p < .01). Only PASE scores were significantly associated with reduced falls risk (standardized incident rate ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.00, p = .04). All physical activity measures were significantly associated with reduced incident fractures in univariate analyses, but none remained significant after multivariable adjustments. Older men who engaged in physical activity of high and rapid impact maintained higher BMD, while higher energy expenditure was associated with reduced falls risk. Coupling traditional physical activity data with bone loading estimates may improve understanding of the relationships between physical activity and bone health. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie-Anne Ng
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.,Department of Medicine at Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Sunshine, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vasi Naganathan
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona M Blyth
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,ANZAC Research Institute and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise M Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David J Handelsman
- Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital and ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vasant Hirani
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Savikangas T, Sipilä S, Rantalainen T. Associations of physical activity intensities, impact intensities and osteogenic index with proximal femur bone traits among sedentary older adults. Bone 2021; 143:115704. [PMID: 33099029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic high-intensity physical activity is thought to be beneficial for older adults' bone health. Traditional volume-based processing of accelerometer-measured physical activity data, quantified on a minute-per-minute basis, may average out sporadic high impact activity, whereas accelerometer data processing approaches based on identifying impacts can capture also these potentially beneficial short activity bursts. We investigated the associations between habitual physical activity and proximal femur bone traits among sedentary older adults utilizing three different numerical treatments of accelerometer-data to examine, if impact-based processing approaches are more suitable to assess bone loading than volume-based processing of physical activity data among older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized the baseline data from the PASSWORD-study (n = 284, mean ± SD age 74 ± 4 years, 57% women). Total femur bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), femoral neck BMC, BMD, section modulus and minimal width (MNW) were measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity was measured for seven consecutive days with a tri-axial accelerometer. Raw acceleration data was processed in three different ways and quantified as i) mean daily minutes in sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity, ii) mean daily number of acceleration peaks divided into low (1.5 g to 2.0 g), medium (2.0 g to 2.5 g) and high (>2.5 g) impacts, and iii) mean daily osteogenic index, which is a summary score calculated from log-transformed number of impact peaks in 32 intensity bands (≥1.3 g). Associations between physical activity measures and each bone trait were estimated with multiple linear regression adjusted with covariates (age, sex, weight, height, smoking, physical function, medication). RESULTS Participants recorded on average 10 h sedentary, 2.5 h light and 33 min moderate-to-vigorous activity, and 3937 low, 494 medium and 157 high impacts per day. Mean osteogenic index score was 173. Light physical activity was positively associated with all bone traits (beta = 0.147 to 0.182, p < 0.001 to p = 0.005) except MNW. Sedentary or moderate-to-vigorous activity, low, medium or high impacts or osteogenic index were not associated with any bone parameter. CONCLUSIONS Light physical activity may decelerate the age-related bone loss in older adults who do not meet the physical activity recommendations. In this population, the amount of high impact activity may be insufficient to stimulate bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Savikangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Stronger Association between High Intensity Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health with Improved Assessment of the Full Intensity Range Using Accelerometry. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20041118. [PMID: 32085652 PMCID: PMC7070246 DOI: 10.3390/s20041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An improved method of physical activity accelerometer data processing, involving a wider frequency filter than the most commonly used ActiGraph filter, has been shown to better capture variations in physical activity intensity in a lab setting. The aim of the study was to investigate how this improved measure of physical activity affected the relationship with markers of cardiometabolic health. Accelerometer data and markers of cardiometabolic health from 725 adults from two samples, LIV 2013 and SCAPIS pilot, were analyzed. The accelerometer data was processed using both the original ActiGraph method with a low-pass cut-off at 1.6 Hz and the improved method with a low-pass cut-off at 10 Hz. The relationship between the physical activity intensity spectrum and a cardiometabolic health composite score was investigated using partial least squares regression. The strongest association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health was shifted towards higher intensities with the 10 Hz output compared to the ActiGraph method. In addition, the total explained variance was higher with the improved method. The 10 Hz output enables correctly measuring and interpreting high intensity physical activity and shows that physical activity at this intensity is stronger related to cardiometabolic health compared to the most commonly used ActiGraph method.
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