1
|
Li Y, Liu Y, Feng L, Zhang L. A review: Manganese-driven bioprocess for simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic contaminants from polluted waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137655. [PMID: 36603680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water pollutants, such as nitrate and organics have received much attention for their harms to ecological environment and human health. The redox transformation between Mn(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅳ) for nitrogen and organics removal have been recognized for a long time. Mn(Ⅱ) can act as inorganic electron donor to drive autotrophic denitrification so as to realize simultaneous removal of Mn(Ⅱ), nitrate and organic pollutants. Mn oxides (MnOx) also play an important role in the adsorption and degradation of some organic contaminants and they can change or create new oxidation pathways in the nitrogen cycle. Herein, this paper provides a comprehensive review of nitrogen and organic contaminants removal pathways through applying Mn(Ⅱ) or MnOx as forerunners. The main current knowledge, developments and applications, pollutants removal efficiency, as well as microbiology and biochemistry mechanisms are summarized. Also reviewed the effects of factors such as the carbon source, the environmental factors and operation conditions have on the process. Research gaps and application potential are further proposed and discussed. Overall, Mn-based biotechnology towards advanced wastewater treatment has a promising prospect, which can achieve simultaneous removal of nitrogen and organic contaminants, and minimize sludge production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Porous Pellicle Formation of a Filamentous Bacterium, Leptothrix. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0134122. [PMID: 36416549 PMCID: PMC9746318 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01341-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Leptothrix cholodnii generates filaments encased in a sheath comprised of woven nanofibrils. In static liquid culture, L. cholodnii moves toward the air-liquid interface, where it forms porous pellicles. Observations of aggregation at the interface reveal that clusters consisting of only a few bacteria primarily grow by netting free cells. These growing clusters hierarchically enlarge through the random docking of other small clusters. We find that the bacteria swim using their polar flagellum toward the interface, where their sheath assists them in intertwining with others and thereby promotes the formation of small clusters. In contrast, sheathless hydrophobic mutant cells get stuck to the interface. We find that the nanofibril sheath is vital for robust pellicle formation as it lowers cell surface hydrophobicity by 60%, thereby reducing their adsorption and enabling cells to move toward and stick together at the air-liquid interface. IMPORTANCE Efficient and sustainable management of water resources is becoming a fundamental issue for supporting growing populations and for developing economic activity. Fundamental to this management is the treatment of wastewater. Microorganisms are the active component of activated sludge that is employed in the biodegradation process of many wastewater treatment facilities. However, uncontrolled growth of filamentous bacteria such as Sphaerotilus often results in filamentous bulking, lowering the efficiency of water treatment systems. To prevent this undesirable condition, strategies based on a fundamental understanding of the ecology of filamentous bacteria are required. Although the filamentous bacterium Leptothrix cholodnii, which is closely related to Sphaerotilus, is a minor inhabitant of activated sludge, its complete genome sequence is known, making gene manipulation relatively easy. Moreover, L. cholodnii generates porous pellicles under static conditions, which may be a characteristic of filamentous bulking. We show that both swimming motility and nanofibril-mediated air-liquid interface attachment are required for porous pellicle formation. These insights are critical for a better understanding of the characteristics of filamentous bulking and might improve strategies to control activated sludge.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kunoh T, Yamamoto T, Sugimoto S, Ono E, Nomura N, Utada AS. Leptothrix cholodnii Response to Nutrient Limitation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:691563. [PMID: 34248917 PMCID: PMC8264430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are widely utilized for the treatment of wastewater in activated sludge systems. However, the uncontrolled growth of filamentous bacteria leads to bulking and adversely affects wastewater treatment efficiency. To clarify the nutrient requirements for filament formation, we track the growth of a filamentous bacterium, Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 in different nutrient-limited conditions using a high aspect-ratio microfluidic chamber to follow cell-chain elongation and sheath formation. We find that limitations in Na+, K+, and Fe2+ yield no observable changes in the elongation of cell chains and sheath formation, whereas limitations of C, N, P, or vitamins lead to more pronounced changes in filament morphology; here we observe the appearance of partially empty filaments with wide intercellular gaps. We observe more dramatic differences when SP-6 cells are transferred to media lacking Mg2+ and Ca2+. Loss of Mg2+ results in cell autolysis, while removal of Ca2+ results in the catastrophic disintegration of the filaments. By simultaneously limiting both carbon and Ca2+ sources, we are able to stimulate planktonic cell generation. These findings paint a detailed picture of the ecophysiology of Leptothrix, which may lead to improved control over the unchecked growth of deleterious filamentous bacteria in water purification systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kunoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Jikei Center for Biofilm Research and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Erika Ono
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Andrew S Utada
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kashiwabara D, Kondo K, Usami R, Kan D, Kawamura I, Kawasaki Y, Sato M, Nittami T, Suzuki I, Katahira M, Takeda M. Structural determination of the sheath-forming polysaccharide of Sphaerotilus montanus using thiopeptidoglycan lyase which recognizes the 1,4 linkage between α-d-GalN and β-d-GlcA. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:992-1001. [PMID: 33964269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphaerotilus natans is a filamentous sheath-forming bacterium commonly found in activated sludge. Its sheath is assembled from a thiolic glycoconjugate called thiopeptidoglycan. S. montanus ATCC-BAA-2725 is a sheath-forming member of stream biofilms, and its sheath is morphologically similar to that of S. natans. However, it exhibits heat susceptibility, which distinguishes it from the S. natans sheath. In this study, chemical composition and solid-state NMR analyses suggest that the S. montanus sheath is free of cysteine, indicating that disulfide linkage is not mandatory for sheath formation. The S. montanus sheath was successfully solubilized by N-acetylation, allowing solution-state NMR analysis to determine the sugar sequence. The sheath was susceptible to thiopeptidoglycan lyase prepared from the thiopeptidoglycan-assimilating bacterium, Paenibacillus koleovorans. The reducing ends of the enzymatic digests were labeled with 4-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, followed by HPLC. Two derivatives were detected, and their structures were determined. We found that the sheath has no peptides and is assembled as follows: [→4)-β-d-GlcA-(1→4)-β-d-Glc-(1→3)-β-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-α-d-GalNAc-(1→4)-α-d-GalN-(1→]n (β-d-Glc and α-d-GalNAc are stoichiometrically and substoichiometrically 3-O-acetylated, respectively). Thiopeptidoglycan lyase was thus confirmed to cleave the 1,4 linkage between α-d-GalN and β-d-GlcA, regardless of the peptide moiety. Furthermore, vital fluorescent staining of the sheath demonstrated that elongation takes place at the tips, as with the S. natans sheath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kashiwabara
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Keiko Kondo
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryoji Usami
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kan
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Izuru Kawamura
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Kawasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nittami
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Katahira
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Takeda
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kunoh T, Morinaga K, Sugimoto S, Miyazaki S, Toyofuku M, Iwasaki K, Nomura N, Utada AS. Polyfunctional Nanofibril Appendages Mediate Attachment, Filamentation, and Filament Adaptability in Leptothrix cholodnii. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5288-5297. [PMID: 31804801 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leptothrix is a species of Fe/Mn-oxidizing bacteria known to form long filaments composed of chains of cells that eventually produce a rigid tube surrounding the filament. Prior to the formation of this brittle microtube, Leptothrix cells secrete hair-like structures from the cell surface, called nanofibrils, which develop into a soft sheath that surrounds the filament. To clarify the role of nanofibrils in filament formation in L. cholodnii SP-6, we analyze the behavior of individual cells and multicellular filaments in high-aspect ratio microfluidic chambers using time-lapse and intermittent in situ fluorescent staining of nanofibrils, complemented with atmospheric scanning electron microscopy. We show that in SP-6 nanofibrils are important for attachment and their distribution on young filaments post-attachment is correlated to the directionality of filament elongation. Elongating filaments demonstrate a surprising ability to adapt to their physical environment by changing direction when they encounter obstacles: they bend or reverse direction depending on the angle of the collision. We show that the forces involved in the collision can be used to predict the behavior of filament. Finally, we show that as filaments grow in length, the older region becomes confined by the sheath, while the newly secreted nanofibrils at the leading edge of the filament form a loose, divergent, structure from which cells periodically escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology and Jikei Center for Biofilm Research and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhong Y, Shi L. Genomic Analyses of the Quinol Oxidases and/or Quinone Reductases Involved in Bacterial Extracellular Electron Transfer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3029. [PMID: 30619124 PMCID: PMC6295460 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To exchange electrons with extracellular substrates, some microorganisms employ extracellular electron transfer (EET) pathways that physically connect extracellular redox reactions to intracellular metabolic activity. These pathways are made of redox and structural proteins that work cooperatively to transfer electrons between extracellular substrates and the cytoplasmic membrane. Crucial to the bacterial and archaeal EET pathways are the quinol oxidases and/or quinone reductases in the cytoplasmic membrane where they recycle the quinone/quinol pool in the cytoplasmic membrane during EET reaction. Up to date, three different families of quinol oxidases and/or quinone reductases involved in bacterial EET have been discovered. They are the CymA, CbcL/MtrH/MtoC, and ImcH families of quinol oxidases and/or quinone reductases that are all multiheme c-type cytochromes (c-Cyts). To investigate to what extent they are distributed among microorganisms, we search the bacterial as well as archaeal genomes for the homologs of these c-Cyts. Search results reveal that the homologs of these c-Cyts are only found in the Domain Bacteria. Moreover, the CymA homologs are only found in the phylum of Proteobacteria and most of them are in the Shewanella genus. In addition to Shewanella sp., CymA homologs are also found in other Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, such as of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In contrast to CymA, CbcL/MtrH/MtoC, and ImcH homologs are much more widespread. CbcL/MtrH/MtoC homologs are found in 15 phyla, while ImcH homologs are found in 12 phyla. Furthermore, the heme-binding motifs of CbcL/MtrH/MtoC and ImcH homologs vary greatly, ranging from 3 to 23 and 6 to 10 heme-binding motifs for CbcL/MtrH/MtoC and ImcH homologs, respectively. Moreover, CymA and CbcL/MtrH/MtoC homologs are found in both Fe(III)-reducing and Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria, suggesting that these families of c-Cyts catalyze both quinol-oxidizing and quinone-reducing reactions. ImcH homologs are only found in the Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, implying that they are only the quinol oxidases. Finally, some bacteria have the homologs of two different families of c-Cyts, which may improve the bacterial capability to exchange electrons with extracellular substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Identification and characterization of the S-layer formed on the sheath of Thiothrix nivea. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1257-1265. [PMID: 29934786 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiothrix nivea is a filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacterium common in activated sludge and its filament is covered with a polysaccharide layer called sheath. In this study, we found that T. nivea aggregates under acidic conditions. A hexagonal lattice pattern, a typical morphological feature of proteinaceous S-layers, was newly observed on the surface of the sheath by transmission electron microscopy. The pattern and the acid-dependent aggregation were not observed in T. fructosivorans, a relative sheath-forming bacterium of T. nivea. The putative S-layer of T. nivea was detached by washing with unbuffered tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane base (Tris) solution and a protein of 160 kDa was detected by electrophoresis. Based on partial amino acid sequences of the protein, its structural gene was identified. The gene encodes an acidic protein which has a putative secretion signal and a Ca2+-binding domain. The protein was solubilized with urea followed by dialysis in the presence of calcium. A hexagonal lattice pattern was observed in the aggregates formed during dialysis, revealing that the protein is responsible for S-layer formation. Biosorption ability of copper, zinc, and cadmium onto the T. nivea filament decreased upon pretreatment with Tris, demonstrating that the S-layer was involved in metal adsorption. Moreover, aggregation of Escherichia coli was promoted by acidification in the presence of the S-layer protein, suggesting that the protein is potentially applicable as an acid-driven flocculant for other bacteria.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawasaki Y, Endo T, Fujiwara A, Kondo K, Katahira M, Nittami T, Sato M, Takeda M. Elongation pattern and fine structure of the sheaths formed by Thiothrix nivea and Thiothrix fructosivorans. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:1280-1288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
The importance of manganese in the physiology of marine microbes, the biogeochemistry of the ocean and the health of microbial communities of past and present is emerging. Manganese is distributed widely throughout the global ocean, taking the form of an essential antioxidant (Mn2+), a potent oxidant (Mn3+) and strong adsorbent (Mn oxides) sequestering disproportionately high levels of trace metals and nutrients in comparison to the surrounding seawater. Manganese is, in fact, linked to nearly all other elemental cycles and intricately involved in the health, metabolism and function of the ocean's microbiome. Here, we briefly review the diversity of microbes and pathways responsible for the transformation of Mn within the three Mn pools and their distribution within the marine environment. Despite decades of interrogation, we still have much to learn about the players, mechanisms and consequences of the Mn cycle, and new and exciting discoveries are being made at a rapid rate. What is clear is the dynamic and ever-inspiring complexity of reactions involving Mn, and the acknowledgement that microorganisms are the catalytic engine driving the Mn cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Hansel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kunoh T, Nagaoka N, McFarlane IR, Tamura K, El-Naggar MY, Kunoh H, Takada J. Dissociation and Re-Aggregation of Multicell-Ensheathed Fragments Responsible for Rapid Production of Massive Clumps of Leptothrix Sheaths. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:biology5030032. [PMID: 27490579 PMCID: PMC5037351 DOI: 10.3390/biology5030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Species of the Fe/Mn-oxidizing bacteria Leptothrix produce tremendous amounts of microtubular, Fe/Mn-encrusted sheaths within a few days in outwells of groundwater that can rapidly clog water systems. To understand this mode of rapid sheath production and define the timescales involved, behaviors of sheath-forming Leptothrix sp. strain OUMS1 were examined using time-lapse video at the initial stage of sheath formation. OUMS1 formed clumps of tangled sheaths. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of a thin layer of bacterial exopolymer fibrils around catenulate cells (corresponding to the immature sheath). In time-lapse videos, numerous sheath filaments that extended from the periphery of sheath clumps repeatedly fragmented at the apex of the same fragment, the fragments then aggregated and again elongated, eventually forming a large sheath clump comprising tangled sheaths within two days. In this study, we found that fast microscopic fragmentation, dissociation, re-aggregation and re-elongation events are the basis of the rapid, massive production of Leptothrix sheaths typically observed at macroscopic scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Kunoh
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Ian R McFarlane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Katsunori Tamura
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
| | - Mohamed Y El-Naggar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Molecular and Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Hitoshi Kunoh
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
| | - Jun Takada
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Study on dyeing wastewater treatment at high temperature by MBBR and the thermotolerant mechanism based on its microbial analysis. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
12
|
Metagenome of a microbial community inhabiting a metal-rich tropical stream sediment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119465. [PMID: 25742617 PMCID: PMC4351183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the metagenome and functional composition of a microbial community in a historically metal-contaminated tropical freshwater stream sediment. The sediment was collected from the Mina Stream located in the Iron Quadrangle (Brazil), one of the world's largest mining regions. Environmental DNA was extracted and was sequenced using SOLiD technology, and a total of 7.9 Gbp was produced. A taxonomic profile that was obtained by comparison to the Greengenes database revealed a complex microbial community with a dominance of Proteobacteria and Parvarcheota. Contigs were recruited by bacterial and archaeal genomes, especially Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii and Nitrosopumilus maritimus, and their presence implicated them in the process of N cycling in the Mina Stream sediment (MSS). Functional reconstruction revealed a large, diverse set of genes for ammonium assimilation and ammonification. These processes have been implicated in the maintenance of the N cycle and the health of the sediment. SEED subsystems functional annotation unveiled a high degree of diversity of metal resistance genes, suggesting that the prokaryotic community is adapted to metal contamination. Furthermore, a high metabolic diversity was detected in the MSS, suggesting that the historical arsenic contamination is no longer affecting the prokaryotic community. These results expand the current knowledge of the microbial taxonomic and functional composition of tropical metal-contaminated freshwater sediments.
Collapse
|
13
|
A Spatial Relationship between Sheath Elongation and Cell Proliferation inSphaerotilus natans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:2357-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
14
|
Autolysis of Bacterial Cells Leads to Formation of Empty Sheaths by Leptothrix spp. MINERALS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/min3020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Kondo K, Umezu T, Shimura S, Narizuka R, Koizumi JI, Mashima T, Katahira M, Takeda M. Structure of perosamine-containing polysaccharide, a component of the sheath of Thiothrix fructosivorans. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 59:59-66. [PMID: 23587998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A sheath-forming and sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, Thiothrix fructosivorans, was heterotrophically cultured. The sheath, which is an extracellular microtube, was prepared by selectively removing the cells using lysozyme, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium hydroxide. Solid-state (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum revealed that the sheath is assembled from a glycan possessing acetyl and methyl groups. When the sheath was deacetylated, the original microtube structure was lost and the sheath became soluble under acidic conditions, revealing the importance of acetyl groups in maintaining the sheath structure. Equimolar d-glucose, d-glucosamine, and l-fucose were detected in the acid hydrolysate of the sheath by gas liquid chromatography. In addition to these sugars, β-GlcN-(1→4)-Glc and unidentified sugar were detected by analyzing the hydrolysate using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy was used to identify a disaccharide composed of 4-deoxy-4-aminorhamnose (perosamine, Rha4N) and fucose. N-Acetyl-perosamine prepared from the disaccharide was polarimetric and exhibited a d-configuration. The previously unidentified disaccharide was found to be α-d-Rhap4N-(1→3)-d-Fuc. According to (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses, the deacetylated sheath-forming polysaccharide was found to h have a main chain of [→4)-β-d-GlcpN-(1→4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→]n, to which disaccharide side chains of α-d-Rhap4N-(1→3)-α-l-Fucp-(1→ were attached at position 3 of Glc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Initial Parallel Arrangement of Extracellular Fibrils Holds a Key for Sheath Frame Construction by Leptothrix sp. Strain OUMS1. MINERALS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/min3010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|