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Influence of Cellulase or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the Ensiling Performance and Bacterial Community in Mixed Silage of Alfalfa and Leymus chinensis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020426. [PMID: 36838391 PMCID: PMC9964000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum or cellulase on the fermentation characteristics and bacterial community of mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., AF) and Leymus chinensis (LC) silage. The harvested alfalfa and Leymus chinensis were cut into 1-2 cm lengths by a crop chopper and they were thoroughly mixed at a ratio of 3/2 (wet weight). The mixtures were treated with no addition (CON), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP, 1 × 106 cfu/g fresh material), cellulase (CE, 7.5 × 102 U/kg fresh material) and their combination (LPCE). The forages were packed into triplicate vacuum-sealed, polyethylene bags per treatment and ensiled for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 30 d at room temperature (17-25 °C). Compared to the CON groups, all the additives increased the lactic acid content and decreased the pH and ammonia nitrogen content over the ensiling period. In comparison to the other groups, higher water-soluble carbohydrate contents were discovered in the CE-inoculated silages. Compared to the CON groups, the treatment with LPCE retained the crude protein content and reduced the acid detergent fiber content. The principal coordinate analysis based on the unweighted UniFrac distance showed that individuals in the AF, LC, CON and LPCE treatment could be significantly separated from each other. At the genus level, the bacterial community in the mixed silage involves a shift from Cyanobacteria_unclassified to Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus dominated in all the treatments until the end of the silage, but when added with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, it was more effective in inhibiting undesirable microorganisms, such as Enterobacter, while reducing microbial diversity. By changing the bacterial community structure after applying Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and cellulase, the mixed silages quality could be further improved. During ensiling, the metabolism of the nucleotide and carbohydrate were enhanced whereas the metabolism of the amino acid, energy, cofactors and vitamins were hindered. In conclusion, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the mixed silage increased with the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and cellulase, which also improved the fermentation quality.
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Xin Y, Chen C, Zhong Y, Bu X, Huang S, Tahir M, Du Z, Liu W, Yang W, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Lian J, Xiao Q, Yan Y. Effect of storage time on the silage quality and microbial community of mixed maize and faba bean in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1090401. [PMID: 36741892 PMCID: PMC9893498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan Plateau is facing serious shortage of forage in winter and spring season due to its special geographical location. Utilization of forages is useful to alleviate the forage shortage in winter and spring season. Consequently, the current study was aimed to evaluate the influence of storage time on the silage quality and microbial community of the maize (Zea mays L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) mixed silage at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Maize and faba bean were ensiled with a fresh weight ratio of 7:3, followed by 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of ensiling. The results showed the pH value of mixed silage was below 4.2 at all fermentation days. The LA (lactic acid) content slightly fluctuated with the extension of fermentation time, with 33.76 g/kg DM at 90 days of ensiling. The AA (acetic acid) and NH3-N/TN (ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen) contents increased with the extension of fermentation time and no significantly different between 90 and 120 days. The CP (crude protein) and WSC (water soluble carbohydrate) contents of mixed silage decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with ensiling time, but the WSC content remained stable at 90 days. The Proteobacteria was the predominant phyla in fresh maize and faba bean, and Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas were the predominant genera. After ensiling, Lactobacillus was the prevalent genus at all ensiling days. The relative abundance of Lactococcus increased rapidly at 90 days of ensiling until 120 days of fermentation. Overall, the storage time significant influenced the silage fermentation quality, nutrient content, and microbial environment, and it remained stable for 90 days of ensiling at Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Therefore, the recommended storage time of forage is 90 days in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other cool areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Xin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihao Zhong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyue Bu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaochang Du
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyong Zhang
- Agricultural Science Research Institute of Ganzi District, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Jinglong Lian
- Agricultural Science Research Institute of Ganzi District, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - Qiyin Xiao
- Agricultural Science Research Institute of Ganzi District, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China,*Correspondence: Qiyin Xiao,
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Yanhong Yan,
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Pham HHT, Kim DH, Nguyen TL. Wide-genome selection of lactic acid bacteria harboring genes that promote the elimination of antinutritional factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1145041. [PMID: 37180381 PMCID: PMC10171302 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1145041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) substances in plant products, such as indigestible non-starchy polysaccharides (α-galactooligosaccharides, α-GOS), phytate, tannins, and alkaloids can impede the absorption of many critical nutrients and cause major physiological disorders. To enhance silage quality and its tolerance threshold for humans as well as other animals, ANFs must be reduced. This study aims to identify and compare the bacterial species/strains that are potential use for industrial fermentation and ANFs reduction. A pan-genome study of 351 bacterial genomes was performed, and binary data was processed to quantify the number of genes involved in the removal of ANFs. Among four pan-genomes analysis, all 37 tested Bacillus subtilis genomes had one phytate degradation gene, while 91 out of 150 Enterobacteriacae genomes harbor at least one genes (maximum three). Although, no gene encoding phytase detected in genomes of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus species, they have genes involving indirectly in metabolism of phytate-derivatives to produce Myo-inositol, an important compound in animal cells physiology. In contrast, genes related to production of lectin, tannase and saponin degrading enzyme did not include in genomes of B. subtilis and Pediococcus species. Our findings suggest a combination of bacterial species and/or unique strains in fermentation, for examples, two Lactobacillus strains (DSM 21115 and ATCC 14869) with B. subtilis SRCM103689, would maximize the efficiency in reducing the ANFs concentration. In conclusion, this study provides insights into bacterial genomes analysis for maximizing nutritional value in plant-based food. Further investigations of gene numbers and repertories correlated to metabolism of different ANFs will help clarifying the efficiency of time consuming and food qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ha-Thi Pham
- VK Tech Research Center, NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Luan Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Thanh Luan Nguyen,
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Zhong H, Zhou J, Wang F, Wu W, Xiong H, Yin H, Li X. Isolation and identification of ligninolytic bacterium ( Bacillus cereus) from buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) rumen and its effects on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, and bacterial community of rape silage. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1103652. [PMID: 37143543 PMCID: PMC10153755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and identify a ligninolytic bacterium from the rumen of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and investigate its effects as a silage additive for whole-plant rape. Three lignin-degradation strains were isolated from the buffalo rumen, with AH7-7 being chosen for further experiments. Strain AH7-7, with acid tolerance and a 51.4% survival rate at pH 4, was identified as Bacillus cereus. It exhibited a lignin-degradation rate of 20.5% after being inoculated in a lignin-degrading medium for 8 days. We divided the rape into four groups according to the various additive compositions to examine the fermentation quality, nutritional value, and bacterial community after ensiling: Bc group (inoculated with B. cereus AH7-7 3.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1), Blac group (inoculated with B. cereus AH7-7 1.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1, L. plantarum 1.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1, and L. buchneri 1.0 × 106 CFU g FW-1), Lac group (inoculated with L. plantarum 1.5 × 106 CFU g FW-1 and L. buchneri 1.5 × 106 CFU g FW-1), and Ctrl group (no additives). After 60 days of fermentation, the application of B. cereus AH7-7 was potent in modulating the fermentation quality of silage, especially when combined with L. plantarum and L. buchneri, as indicated by lower dry matter loss and higher contents of crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrate, and lactic acid. Furthermore, treatments with the B. cereus AH7-7 additive decreased the contents of acid detergent lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The B. cereus AH7-7 additive treatments reduced the bacterial diversity and optimized the bacterial community compositions of silage, with an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus and a decrease in the relative abundance of undesirable Pantoea and Erwinia. Functional prediction revealed that inoculation with B. cereus AH7-7 could increase the cofactors and vitamins metabolism, amino acid metabolism, translation, replication and repair, and nucleotide metabolism, while decreasing the carbohydrate metabolism, membrane transport, and energy metabolism. In brief, B. cereus AH7-7 improved the microbial community, fermentation activity, and ultimately the quality of silage. The ensiling with B. cereus AH7-7, L. plantarum, and L. buchneri combination is an effective and practical strategy to improve the fermentation and nutrition preservation of rape silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayan Zhou
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiqian Xiong
- Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Huaihui Yin
- Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shennongjia Science and Technology Innovation Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shennongjia, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Li
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Fu Z, Sun L, Hou M, Hao J, Lu Q, Liu T, Ren X, Jia Y, Wang Z, Ge G. Effects of different harvest frequencies on microbial community and metabolomic properties of annual ryegrass silage. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971449. [PMID: 36110305 PMCID: PMC9468666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the fermentation quality, microbial community, and metabolome characteristics of ryegrass silage from different harvests (first harvest-AK, second harvest-BK, and third harvest-CK) and analyzed the correlation between fermentative bacteria and metabolites. The bacterial community and metabolomic characteristics were analyzed by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), respectively. After 60 days of ensiling, the pH of BK was significantly lower than those of AK and CK, and its lactic acid content was significantly higher than those of AK and CK. Lactiplantibacillus and Enterococcus genera dominate the microbiota of silage obtained from ryegrass harvested at three different harvests. In addition, the BK group had the highest abundance of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (58.66%), and the CK group had the highest abundance of Enterococcus faecalis (42.88%). The most annotated metabolites among the differential metabolites of different harvests were peptides, and eight amino acids were dominant in the composition of the identified peptides. In the ryegrass silage, arginine, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate biosynthesis had the highest enrichment ratio in the metabolic pathway of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Valyl-isoleucine and glutamylvaline were positively correlated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. D-Pipecolic acid and L-glutamic acid were positively correlated with Levilactobacillus brevis. L-phenylalanyl-L-proline, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(2-methoxybenzoyloxy) oxane-2-carboxylic acid, and shikimic acid were negatively correlated with Levilactobacillus brevis. In conclusion, this study explains the effects of different harvest frequencies on the fermentation quality, microbial community, and metabolites of ryegrass, and improves our understanding of the ensiling mechanisms associated with different ryegrass harvesting frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Fu
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Meiling Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tingyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Ren
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - ZhiJun Wang
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on Fermentation Quality and Anti-Nutritional Factors of Paper Mulberry Silage. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies on the application of lactic acid bacteria in the reduction of anti-nutrient factors in paper mulberry silage. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality and the amount of anti-nutritional factors in paper mulberry silage. Two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (GX, isolated from paper mulberry silage; GZ, provided by Sichuan Gaofuji Biotechnology Co. Ltd.) were added as silage additives. On days 7, 15, 30 and 60 of the ensiling process, the fermentation quality, and the amount of anti-nutritional factors were measured. Compared with the control group, inoculation with Lactobacillus plantarum could rapidly reduce pH values, leading to lower NH3-N/TN. Besides, it also significantly increased the lactic acid content (p < 0.05). The two strains of L. plantarum significantly reduced the content of hydrolysed tannin, condensed tannin, total tannin, oxalic acid, phytic acid and saponin (p < 0.05). Overall, this study found that the addition of lactic acid bacteria could significantly improve the fermentation quality of paper mulberry and reduce the amount of anti-nutrient factors (p < 0.05).
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