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Zhao L, Zhou N, Zhang H, Pan F, Ai X, Wang Y, Hao S, Wang C. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and its metabolite protocatechuic acid ameliorate 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by regulating apoptotic and Nrf2/p62 pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112582. [PMID: 34582963 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and its major metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA) against 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that C3G and PCA dose-dependently suppressed PhIP-induced mutation in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, and inhibited PhIP-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Western blot analysis indicated that C3G and PCA minimized PhIP-induced cell damage by reversing the abnormal expression of Bax/Bcl-2, Cytochrome c, cleaved Caspase-3, XIAP, Nrf2, HO-1, LC3 and p62 involved in intrinsic apoptotic and Nrf2/p62 pathways. Molecular docking results revealed that C3G and PCA were able to interfere with Nrf2 signaling and apoptotic cascade through binding to Keap1 and Bcl-2. Moreover, the protective effect of C3G was stronger than that of PCA. These findings suggested that dietary consumption of food sources rich in C3G can fight against the health risks of heterocyclic aromatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Na Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xin Ai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
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Akhtar S, Anderson D, Azam TM, Malik A. P53-mediated in vitro inhibition of PhIP-induced oxidative damage by myricetin bulk and nano forms in healthy lymphocytes. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1853-1856. [PMID: 33625525 PMCID: PMC8113169 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Akhtar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) and Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), University of Lahore, Defence road campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7-1DP, UK.
| | - Diana Anderson
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7-1DP, UK
| | - Talha Muhammad Azam
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) and Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), University of Lahore, Defence road campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) and Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), University of Lahore, Defence road campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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