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Lyu C, Lyu GW, Mulder J, Martinez A, Shi TJS. G Protein-Gated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel Subunit 3 is Upregulated in Rat DRGs and Spinal Cord After Peripheral Nerve Injury. J Pain Res 2020; 13:419-429. [PMID: 32110090 PMCID: PMC7034995 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s233744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Four GIRK subunits (GIRK1-4) are expressed in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Recently, we have characterized the expression of GIRK1 and −2, and both are downregulated in rat DRGs and spinal cord after a complete sciatic nerve transection (axotomy). Here, we aimed to study the neurochemical characteristics of GIRK3, and its regulation in rat DRGs and spinal cord induced by nerve injury. Methods A sciatic nerve axotomy was performed to study the influences of injury on GIRK3 expression in DRGs and spinal cord. A dorsal root rhizotomy and a sciatic nerve crush were employed to study the axonal transport of GIRK3 protein, respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis was employed for investigating the neurochemical characteristics of GIRK3. Results In control DRGs, ~18% of neuron profiles (NPs) were GIRK3-positive (+), and ~41%, ~48% and ~45% of GIRK3+ NPs were CGRP+, IB4+ and NF200+, respectively. GIRK3-like immunoreactivity was observed in glabrous skin of hind paws and axons originating from DRG neurons. Fourteen days after axotomy, more than one-third of DRG NPs were GIRK3+, and among these ~51% and ~56% coexpressed galanin and neuropeptide Y, respectively. In control animals, a small group of interneurons found in the dorsal horn was GIRK3+. In addition, GIRK3+ processes could be observed in superficial laminae of spinal dorsal horn. After nerve injury, the intensity of GIRK3-like immunoreactivity in the superficial layers was increased. Evidence based on rhizotomy and sciatic nerve crush indicated both anterograde and retrograde transport of GIRK3. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that GIRK3 is expressed in sensory neurons and spinal cord. GIRK3 has both anterograde and retrograde axonal transport. GIRK3 expression can be regulated by peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Wei Lyu
- Department of Neurology, 1st Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 65, Sweden
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Tie-Jun Sten Shi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5009, Norway
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Discovery of two novel branched peptidomimetics containing endomorphin-2 and RF9 pharmacophores: Synthesis and neuropharmacological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:630-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Effect of estrogen on morphine- and oxycodone-induced antinociception in a female femur bone cancer pain model. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 773:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lyu C, Mulder J, Barde S, Sahlholm K, Zeberg H, Nilsson J, Århem P, Hökfelt T, Fried K, Shi TJS. G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunits 1 and 2 are down-regulated in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and spinal cord after peripheral axotomy. Mol Pain 2015. [PMID: 26199148 PMCID: PMC4511542 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased nociceptive neuronal excitability underlies chronic pain conditions. Various ion channels, including sodium, calcium and potassium channels have pivotal roles in the control of neuronal excitability. The members of the family of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, GIRK1–4, have been implicated in modulating excitability. Here, we investigated the expression and distribution of GIRK1 and GIRK2 in normal and injured dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord of rats. Results We found that ~70% of the DRG neurons expressed GIRK1, while only <10% expressed GIRK2. The neurochemical profiles of GIRK1- and GIRK2-immunoreactive neurons were characterized using the neuronal markers calcitonin gene-related peptide, isolectin-B4 and neurofilament-200, and the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D28k, calretinin, parvalbumin and secretagogin. Both GIRK subunits were expressed in DRG neurons with nociceptive characteristics. However, while GIRK1 was widely expressed in several sensory neuronal subtypes, GIRK2 was detected mainly in a group of small C-fiber neurons. In the spinal dorsal horn, GIRK1- and -2-positive cell bodies and processes were mainly observed in lamina II, but also in superficial and deeper layers. Abundant GIRK1-, but not GIRK2-like immunoreactivity, was found in the ventral horn (laminae VI–X). Fourteen days after axotomy, GIRK1 and GIRK2 were down-regulated in DRG neurons at the mRNA and protein levels. Both after axotomy and rhizotomy there was a reduction of GIRK1- and -2-positive processes in the dorsal horn, suggesting a presynaptic localization of these potassium channels. Furthermore, nerve ligation caused accumulation of both subunits on both sides of the lesion, providing evidence for anterograde and retrograde fast axonal transport. Conclusions Our data support the hypothesis that reduced GIRK function is associated with increased neuronal excitability and causes sensory disturbances in post-injury conditions, including neuropathic pain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12990-015-0044-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Lyu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jan Mulder
- Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Swapnali Barde
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Nilsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Århem
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Hökfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tie-Jun Sten Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China. .,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kanbara T, Nakamura A, Shibasaki M, Mori T, Suzuki T, Sakaguchi G, Kanemasa T. Morphine and oxycodone, but not fentanyl, exhibit antinociceptive effects mediated by G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in an oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy rat model. Neurosci Lett 2014; 580:119-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nagi K, Pineyro G. Kir3 channel signaling complexes: focus on opioid receptor signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:186. [PMID: 25071446 PMCID: PMC4085882 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective drugs to treat severe pain. They produce their analgesic actions by specifically activating opioid receptors located along the pain perception pathway where they inhibit the flow of nociceptive information. This inhibition is partly accomplished by activation of hyperpolarizing G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK or Kir3) channels. Kir3 channels control cellular excitability in the central nervous system and in the heart and, because of their ubiquitous distribution, they mediate the effects of a large range of hormones and neurotransmitters which, upon activation of corresponding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) lead to channel opening. Here we analyze GPCR signaling via these effectors in reference to precoupling and collision models. Existing knowledge on signaling bias is discussed in relation to these models as a means of developing strategies to produce novel opioid analgesics with an improved side effects profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Nagi
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Département de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal Montreal, QC, Canada ; Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine Montréal, QC, Canada ; Département de Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada
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Busch-Dienstfertig M, González-Rodríguez S. IL-4, JAK-STAT signaling, and pain. JAKSTAT 2014; 2:e27638. [PMID: 24470980 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.27638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During inflammation, several mediators directly or indirectly induce pain including pro-inflammatory cytokines and there is evidence that the JAK-STAT pathway is involved in the formation of pronociceptive cytokines. The same pathway, however, is also of importance for anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 to counteract the inflammatory reaction and-as it seems based on the current literature-nociceptive symptoms. Current therapeutic approaches targeting molecules of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade are auspicious but as this review demonstrates, more experimental and clinical studies are required to decipher the specific contribution of this pathway in the modulation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Busch-Dienstfertig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara González-Rodríguez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin, Germany
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Nockemann D, Rouault M, Labuz D, Hublitz P, McKnelly K, Reis FC, Stein C, Heppenstall PA. The K(+) channel GIRK2 is both necessary and sufficient for peripheral opioid-mediated analgesia. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1263-77. [PMID: 23818182 PMCID: PMC3944465 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of opioid agonists acting outside the central nervous system (CNS) is a promising therapeutic strategy for pain control that avoids deleterious central side effects such as apnea and addiction. In human clinical trials and rat models of inflammatory pain, peripherally restricted opioids have repeatedly shown powerful analgesic effects; in some mouse models however, their actions remain unclear. Here, we investigated opioid receptor coupling to K+ channels as a mechanism to explain such discrepancies. We found that GIRK channels, major effectors for opioid signalling in the CNS, are absent from mouse peripheral sensory neurons but present in human and rat. In vivo transgenic expression of GIRK channels in mouse nociceptors established peripheral opioid signalling and local analgesia. We further identified a regulatory element in the rat GIRK2 gene that accounts for differential expression in rodents. Thus, GIRK channels are indispensable for peripheral opioid analgesia, and their absence in mice has profound consequences for GPCR signalling in peripheral sensory neurons. GIRK channels are indispensable for peripheral opioid analgesia. The absence of GIRK channels from mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons questions the predictive validity of mice as a model organism for investigating peripheral GPCRmediated analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinah Nockemann
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
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Paiva-Lima P, Rezende RM, Leite R, Duarte IDG, Bakhle YS, Francischi JN. Crucial involvement of actin filaments in celecoxib and morphine analgesia in a model of inflammatory pain. J Pain Res 2012; 5:535-45. [PMID: 23166451 PMCID: PMC3500925 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s36870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celecoxib exerted analgesic effects (hypoalgesia) reversed by opioid receptor antagonists in a model of inflammatory pain. To analyze this celecoxib-induced hypoalgesia further, we assessed the effects of several disruptors of cytoskeletal components in our model of inflammation. METHODS Hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli was induced in rat hind paws by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and measured using the Randall-Selitto method over the next 8 hours. The effects of systemic pretreatment with celecoxib and a range of cytoskeletal disruptors (colchicine, nocodazole, cytochalasin B, latrunculin B, acrylamide, each given by intraplantar injection) on carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia were similarly investigated. Morphine and other selective cyclo-oxygenase 1 (SC-560), cyclo-oxygenase 2 (SC-236), and nonselective cyclo-oxygenase (indomethacin) inhibitors were also tested under similar conditions. RESULTS None of the cytoskeletal disruptors affected the peak intensity of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, and its duration was increased only by nocodazole and colchicine. Pretreatment with celecoxib 30 minutes before carrageenan reversed the hyperalgesia and raised the nociceptive threshold (hypoalgesia). All analgesic effects of celecoxib were blocked by nocodazole, colchicine, cytochalasin B, and latrunculin B. Pretreatment with morphine also induced hypoalgesia in carrageenan-inflamed paws, an effect reversed by colchicine and cytochalasin B. However, the analgesic effects of indomethacin were not reversed by disruption of actin filaments with cytochalasin B or latrunculin B. CONCLUSION These data strengthen the correlation between cytoskeletal structures and the processes of pain and analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Paiva-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Inflammation and Pain, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Inflammation and Pain, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Igor DG Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Inflammation and Pain, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - YS Bakhle
- Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Janetti N Francischi
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Inflammation and Pain, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Deer TR, Prager J, Levy R, Rathmell J, Buchser E, Burton A, Caraway D, Cousins M, De Andrés J, Diwan S, Erdek M, Grigsby E, Huntoon M, Jacobs MS, Kim P, Kumar K, Leong M, Liem L, McDowell GC, Panchal S, Rauck R, Saulino M, Sitzman BT, Staats P, Stanton-Hicks M, Stearns L, Wallace M, Willis KD, Witt W, Yaksh T, Mekhail N. Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference 2012: recommendations for the management of pain by intrathecal (intraspinal) drug delivery: report of an interdisciplinary expert panel. Neuromodulation 2012; 15:436-64; discussion 464-6. [PMID: 22748024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2012.00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of intrathecal (IT) infusion of analgesic medications to treat patients with chronic refractory pain has increased since its inception in the 1980s, and the need for clinical research in IT therapy is ongoing. The Polyanalgesic Consensus Conference (PACC) panel of experts convened in 2000, 2003, and 2007 to make recommendations on the rational use of IT analgesics based on preclinical and clinical literature and clinical experiences. METHODS The PACC panel convened again in 2011 to update the standard of care for IT therapies to reflect current knowledge gleaned from literature and clinical experience. A thorough literature search was performed, and information from this search was provided to panel members. Analysis of published literature was coupled with the clinical experience of panel members to form recommendations regarding the use of IT analgesics to treat chronic pain. RESULTS After a review of literature published from 2007 to 2011 and discussions of clinical experience, the panel created updated algorithms for the rational use of IT medications for the treatment of neuropathic pain and nociceptive pain. CONCLUSIONS The advent of new algorithmic tracks for neuropathic and nociceptive pain is an important step in improving patient care. The panel encourages continued research and development, including the development of new drugs, devices, and safety recommendations to improve the care of patients with chronic pain.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-third consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2010 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Yi YJ, Sung DY, Millette C, Sutovsky M, Kennedy C, Sutovsky P, Thompson W, Thomas K. Sperm GIRK2-containing K+ inward rectifying channels participate in sperm capacitation and fertilization. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2011; 57:296-308. [PMID: 22054410 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2011.631685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The GIRK2-containing inward-rectifying K(+) ion channels have been implicated in mammalian spermatogenesis. While the Girk2 null mice are fertile, the male weaver transgenic mice carrying a gain-of-function mutation in the Girk2 gene are infertile. To establish the exact period of spermatogenesis affected by this mutation, we performed StaPut isolation and morphological characterization of the germ cells present in the weaver testis. Germ cells representing all periods of spermatogenesis were identified. However, no spermatozoa were present, suggesting that this mutation only affected the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. Real-time PCR studies performed on StaPut purified germ cells from wild-type mice indicated that the Girk2 transcripts were exclusively expressed in spermatids. Immunofluorescence studies of mouse and boar spermatids/spermatozoa localized the GIRK2 K(+) containing channels to the acrosomal region of the sperm plasma membrane. During porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF), GIRK2-containing channels remained associated with the acrosomal shroud following zona-induced acrosome reaction. Fertilization was blocked by tertiapin-Q (TQ), a specific inhibitor of GIRK channels, and by anti-GIRK2 antibodies. Altogether, studies in two different mammalian species point to a conserved mechanism by which the GIRK2 inward-rectifying K(+) ion channels support sperm function during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joo Yi
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
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González-Rodríguez S, Llames S, Hidalgo A, Baamonde A, Menéndez L. Potentiation of acute morphine-induced analgesia measured by a thermal test in bone cancer-bearing mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:363-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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