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Xu S, Kang UG. Region-specific alterations in the expression and phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunits in the rat prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum accompanying behavioral sensitization induced by cocaine and ethanol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 236:173711. [PMID: 38253241 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization is defined as the enhanced behavioral response to drugs of abuse after repeated exposure, which can serve as a behavioral model of addiction. Our previous study demonstrated that behavioral cross-sensitization occurs between cocaine and ethanol, suggesting commonalities between these drugs. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play important roles in synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, and addiction-associated behaviors. However, little is known about whether NMDA receptor-mediated signaling regulation is a common feature following behavioral sensitizations induced by cocaine and ethanol. Thus, the present study examined the expression of phospho-S896-NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunits in the prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum following reciprocal cross-sensitization between cocaine and ethanol. We also examined the mRNA expression of the NR2A and NR2B subunits. In the ethanol-sensitized state, phosphorylation of NR1 and expression of NR2A and NR2B subunits were increased in both the prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. In the cocaine-sensitized state, phosphorylation of NR1 and expression of the NR2A and NR2B subunits were increased in the prefrontal cortex but not in the dorsal striatum. Corresponding changes in mRNA expression were observed in the ethanol-sensitized state but not in the cocaine-sensitized state. Acute treatment with either cocaine or ethanol had no effect on the phosphorylation and expression of NMDA receptor subunits in either the prefrontal cortex or dorsal striatum, regardless of the sensitization state. These results indicate a partially overlapping neural mechanism for cocaine and ethanol that may induce the development of behavioral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570312, China; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Pardo M, Martin M, Gainetdinov RR, Mash DC, Izenwasser S. Heterozygote Dopamine Transporter Knockout Rats Display Enhanced Cocaine Locomotion in Adolescent Females. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315414. [PMID: 36499749 PMCID: PMC9736933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is a powerful psychostimulant that is one of the most widely used illicit addictive. The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a major role in mediating cocaine's reward effect. Decreases in DAT expression increase rates of drug abuse and vulnerability to comorbid psychiatric disorders. We used the novel DAT transgenic rat model to study the effects of cocaine on locomotor behaviors in adolescent rats, with an emphasis on sex. Female rats showed higher response rates to cocaine at lower acute and chronic doses, highlighting a higher vulnerability and perceived gender effects. In contrast, locomotor responses to an acute high dose of cocaine were more marked and sustained in male DAT heterozygous (HET) adolescents. The results demonstrate the augmented effects of chronic cocaine in HET DAT adolescent female rats. Knockout (KO) DAT led to a level of hyperdopaminergia which caused a marked basal hyperactivity that was unchanged, consistent with a possible ceiling effect. We suggest a role of alpha synuclein (α-syn) and PICK 1 protein expressions to the increased vulnerability in female rats. These proteins showed a lower expression in female HET and KO rats. This study highlights gender differences associated with mutations which affect DAT expression and can increase susceptibility to cocaine abuse in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pardo
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-786-230-7181
| | - Michele Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Raul R. Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine and St. Petersburg University Hospital, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7-9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sari Izenwasser
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Bowen MT, George O, Muskiewicz DE, Hall FS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ESCALATION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:730-756. [PMID: 34839930 PMCID: PMC8892842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that contribute to the escalation of alcohol consumption is key to understanding how an individual transitions from non/social drinking to AUD and to providing better treatment. In this review, we discuss how the way ethanol is consumed as well as individual and environmental factors contribute to the escalation of ethanol consumption from intermittent low levels to consistently high levels. Moreover, we discuss how these factors are modelled in animals. It is clear a vast array of complex, interacting factors influence changes in alcohol consumption. Some of these factors act early in the acquisition of ethanol consumption and initial escalation, while others contribute to escalation of ethanol consumption at a later stage and are involved in the development of alcohol dependence. There is considerable need for more studies examining escalation associated with the formation of dependence and other hallmark features of AUD, especially studies examining mechanisms, as it is of considerable relevance to understanding and treating AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Bowen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,Corresponding Author: Michael T. Bowen, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dawn E. Muskiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - F. Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
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Unlucky punches: the vulnerability-stress model for the development of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:112. [PMID: 34880241 PMCID: PMC8654901 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00253-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulse-control disorders are commonly observed during dopamine-replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease, but the majority of patients seems “immune” to this side effect. Epidemiological evidence suggests that a major risk factor may be a specific difference in the layout of the dopaminergic-reinforcement system, of which the ventral striatum is a central player. A series of imaging studies of the dopaminergic system point toward a presynaptic reduction of dopamine-reuptake transporter density and dopamine synthesis capacity. Here, we review current evidence for a vulnerability-stress model in which a relative reduction of dopaminergic projections to the ventral striatum and concomitant sensitization of postsynaptic neurons represent a predisposing (hypodopaminergic) vulnerability. Stress (hyperdopaminergic) is delivered when dopamine replacement therapy leads to a relative overdosing of the already-sensitized ventral striatum. These alterations are consistent with consecutive changes in reinforcement mechanisms, which stimulate learning from reward and impede learning from punishment, thereby fostering the development of impulse-control disorders. This vulnerability-stress model might also provide important insights into the development of addictions in the non-Parkinsonian population.
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Liao IM, Chen JC. Lack of dopamine D4 receptor participation in mouse hyperdopaminergic locomotor response. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112925. [PMID: 32971195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic methamphetamine (METH) treatment induces behavioral sensitization in rodents. During this process, hyperactivation of the mesolimbic dopamine system plays a central role, and dopamine D2-like receptor-based antipsychotics are known to alleviate the behavioral hyperactivity. The atypical antipsychotic, clozapine (Clz), acts partially as a dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) antagonist and mitigates hyperdopaminergic drug addiction and/or comorbid psychotic symptoms; however, it remains unclear whether D4R blockade contributes to the therapeutic effects of Clz. Here, we evaluated the potential role of D4R in regulating hyperdopaminergia-induced behavioral hyperactivity in METH behavioral sensitization and dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown (KD) mice. Clz or a D4R-selective antagonist, L-745,870, were co-administered to mice with daily METH in a METH sensitization model, and Clz or L-745,870 were administered alone in a DAT KD hyperactivity model. Locomotor activity and accumbal D4R expression were analyzed. Clz suppressed both the initiation and expression of METH behavioral sensitization, as well as DAT KD hyperactivity. However, repetitive Clz treatment induced tolerance to the suppression effect on METH sensitization initiation. In contrast, D4R inhibition by L-745,870 had no effect on METH sensitization or DAT KD hyperactivity. Accumbal D4R expression was similar between METH-sensitized mice with and without Clz co-treatment. In sum, our results suggest the mesolimbic D4R does not participate in behavioral sensitization encoded by hyperdopaminergia, a finding which likely extends to the therapeutic effects of Clz. Therefore, molecular targets other than D4R should be prioritized in the development of future therapeutics for treatment of hyperdopaminergia-dependent neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Mei Liao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States
| | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; Healthy Ageing Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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Xu S, Jeong SJ, Li G, Koo JW, Kang UG. Repeated ethanol exposure influences key enzymes in cholesterol and lipid homeostasis via the AMPK pathway in the rat prefrontal cortex. Alcohol 2020; 85:49-56. [PMID: 31734306 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis has been proposed to be implicated in the development of addiction. However, the effects of ethanol on cholesterol homeostasis within the brain are not well understood. One of the most important regulators of cholesterol homeostasis is HMG-CoA reductase (HMG-CoAR), the rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. We examined the phosphorylation of HMG-CoAR and the other key regulator of lipid synthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), following acute or chronic treatment with ethanol (0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg) in the rat prefrontal cortex. The phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the HMG-CoAR activity, and its well-known upstream regulators, was also studied. The phosphorylation of HMG-CoAR and ACC were transiently increased by ethanol treatment only in animals previously treated chronically with ethanol. Acute administration to naïve animals did not induce the phosphorylation, regardless of dosage. Similarly, the phosphorylation of AMPK and the upstream regulators, LKB1 and CaMK4, were transiently increased only in chronically ethanol-treated animals. In naïve animals, a high dose (2 g/kg) of ethanol decreased phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of TAK1, another upstream kinase of AMPK, was increased only from 30 min to 24 h after the chronic treatment with ethanol. Together, these results indicate that repeated exposure is required for the activating effect of ethanol on HMG-CoAR and ACC. This effect seems to be mediated by the AMPK system, and may contribute to the long-lasting neuroadaptation involved in the development of alcohol dependence.
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Riley AL, Nelson KH, To P, López-Arnau R, Xu P, Wang D, Wang Y, Shen HW, Kuhn DM, Angoa-Perez M, Anneken JH, Muskiewicz D, Hall FS. Abuse potential and toxicity of the synthetic cathinones (i.e., “Bath salts”). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 110:150-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bahi A. Dopamine transporter gene expression within the nucleus accumbens plays important role in the acquisition and reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 381:112475. [PMID: 31923430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism and alcohol use disorders are chronically relapsing conditions which is a major problem in treating alcohol addiction. In a previous study we showed that the dopamine transporter (DAT) is implicated in voluntary intake and preference. However, its role in modulating ethanol-associated contextual memory remains largely unknown. In this study we have investigated the role of DAT in ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (EtOH-CPP) acquisition and reinstatement in adult male C57BL/6 mice. For this purpose, we used both loss- and gain-of-function approaches to test the effects of central DAT manipulation on EtOH-CPP. We developed a lentiviral-mediated gene transfer approach to examine whether DAT knockdown (shDAT) or overexpression in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) is enough to impair EtOH-CPP acquisition and reinstatement. In the first experiment, results showed that DAT knockdown blocked, whereas DAT overexpression, exacerbated the acquisition of EtOH-CPP. In the second experiment and after the EtOH-CPP expression, the mice were subjected to a 14-day extinction trials before drug-induced EtOH-CPP reinstatement was induced by a priming injection of 1 g/kg EtOH. Results indicated that reinstatement of EtOH-CPP was considerably decreased after accumbal shDAT injection. However, DAT overexpression significantly increased EtOH-CPP reinstatement. Finally, and following DAT mRNA quantification using RT-PCR, Pearson's correlation showed a strong positive relationship between accumbal DAT mRNA and EtOH-CPP acquisition and reinstatement. These results suggest that DAT expression in the Nacc is involved in the acquisition and retrieval of EtOH contextual memory and that blockade of this transporter can decrease the rewarding properties of EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bahi
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
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9
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No effect of sex on ethanol intake and preference after dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown in adult mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1349-1365. [PMID: 30539268 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopamine levels are controlled in part by transport across the cell membrane by the dopamine transporter (DAT), and recent evidence showed that a polymorphism in the gene encoding DAT is associated with alcoholism. However, research in animal models using DAT knockout mice has yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVES The present study was planned to evaluate the effects of DAT knockdown in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) on voluntary ethanol consumption and preference in male and female C57BL/6J mice. METHODS For this purpose, animals were stereotaxically injected with DAT siRNA-expressing lentiviral vectors in the Nacc, and using a voluntary, continuous access two-bottle choice model of alcohol, we investigated the importance of accumbal DAT expression in voluntary alcohol intake and preference. We also investigated the effects of DAT knockdown on saccharin and quinine consumption and ethanol metabolism. RESULTS We show that females consumed more alcohol than males. Interestingly, DAT knockdown in the Nacc significantly decreased alcohol intake and preference in both groups, but no significant sex by group interaction was observed. Also, DAT knockdown did not alter total fluid consumption, saccharin or quinine consumption, or blood ethanol concentrations. Using Pearson correlation, results indicated a strong positive relationship between DAT mRNA expression and ethanol consumption and preference. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data provide further evidence that DAT plays an important role in controlling ethanol intake and that accumbal DAT contributes in the modulation of the reinforcing effects of ethanol. Overall, the results suggest that DAT inhibitors may be valuable in the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism.
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Solinas M, Belujon P, Fernagut PO, Jaber M, Thiriet N. Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40 years of research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:481-516. [PMID: 30569209 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the neurotransmitters involved in addiction, dopamine (DA) is clearly the best known. The critical role of DA in addiction is supported by converging evidence that has been accumulated in the last 40 years. In the present review, first we describe the dopaminergic system in terms of connectivity, functioning and involvement in reward processes. Second, we describe the functional, structural, and molecular changes induced by drugs within the DA system in terms of neuronal activity, synaptic plasticity and transcriptional and molecular adaptations. Third, we describe how genetic mouse models have helped characterizing the role of DA in addiction. Fourth, we describe the involvement of the DA system in the vulnerability to addiction and the interesting case of addiction DA replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Finally, we describe how the DA system has been targeted to treat patients suffering from addiction and the result obtained in clinical settings and we discuss how these different lines of evidence have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the physiopathology of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Solinas
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France.
| | - Pauline Belujon
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Thiriet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
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Efimova EV, Gainetdinov RR, Budygin EA, Sotnikova TD. Dopamine transporter mutant animals: a translational perspective. J Neurogenet 2017; 30:5-15. [PMID: 27276191 DOI: 10.3109/01677063.2016.1144751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays an important homeostatic role in the control of both the extracellular and intraneuronal concentrations of dopamine, thereby providing effective control over activity of dopaminergic transmission. Since brain dopamine is known to be involved in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, investigations using mice with genetically altered DAT function and thus intensity of dopamine-mediated signaling have provided numerous insights into the pathology of these disorders and novel pathological mechanisms that could be targeted to provide new therapeutic approaches for these disorders. In this brief overview, we discuss recent investigations involving animals with genetically altered DAT function, particularly focusing on translational studies providing new insights into pathology and pharmacology of dopamine-related disorders. Perspective applications of these and newly developed models of DAT dysfunction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V Efimova
- a Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia ;,b Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Raul R Gainetdinov
- a Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia ;,b Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo , Moscow Region , Russia
| | - Evgeny A Budygin
- a Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia ;,c Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Tatyana D Sotnikova
- a Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
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12
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Kolik LG, Nadorova AV, Seredenin SB. Non-Competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist Hemantane Reduces Ethanol Consumption in Long-Term Alcohol Experienced Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:152-157. [PMID: 29177883 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activity of hemantane, an amino adamantane derivative, exhibiting the properties of lowaffinity non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, was evaluated in experimental in vivo models of alcoholism. Hemantane had no effects on the formation and manifestation of behavioral sensitization to ethanol in DBA/2 mice. Under conditions of free choice between 10% ethanol and water, hemantane (20 mg/kg/day for 14 days, intraperitoneally) significantly reduced the daily ethanol intake in random-bred male rats with formed alcohol motivation (>4 g/kg of ethanol). During modelling of withdrawal syndrome, hemantane administered intraperitoneally in doses of 5-20 mg/kg dose-dependently attenuated alcohol-deprivation effect after acute withdrawal with no effects on protracted abstinence. It was found that hemantane suppressed alcohol drinking behavior in long-term ethanol experienced rats and attenuated alcohol-seeking behavior after acute withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Kolik
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A V Nadorova
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - S B Seredenin
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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Xu S, Kang UG. Characteristics of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization in rats: Molecular mediators and cross-sensitization between ethanol and cocaine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 160:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Legastelois R, Botia B, Coune F, Jeanblanc J, Naassila M. Deciphering the relationship between vulnerability to ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization and ethanol consumption in outbred mice. Addict Biol 2014; 19:210-24. [PMID: 24164956 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH)-induced behavioral sensitization (EIBS) is proposed to play a role in early and recurring steps of alcohol dependence, but its impact on alcohol abuse is not clear. EIBS development is dependent upon animal species, strain and also individual factors. We proposed here to decipher the co-expression of EIBS and EtOH intake in individual animals among outbred Swiss mice, which exhibit heterogeneity that parallels what may occur in humans. To do so, mice were exposed to a two-bottle choice with free access to water or 10% EtOH for 6 days just before and immediately after chronic intraperitoneal 2.5 g/kg ethanol injections once a day for 10 consecutive days. Based on their sensitization scores, mice were split into resistant and sensitized animals. First, we showed that individual susceptibility to EIBS is inversely correlated with voluntary EtOH consumption. Exposure to repeated EtOH during EIBS development increased subsequent EtOH intake among the entire population. Very interestingly, subsequent analyses suggested that the less the mice are sensitized the more they increase their EtOH intake; however, resistant mice were sensitive to EtOH adulteration with quinine, whereas sensitized ones maintained their EtOH intake levels, therefore exhibiting a compulsive-like drinking pattern. In addition, we showed that resistant mice do not exhibit a weaker sensitivity to the aversive properties of EtOH that may contribute to their higher level of EtOH intake compared to sensitized mice. This study confirms and extends previous data showing a deep relationship between propensity for EtOH consumption and susceptibility to EIBS in Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Legastelois
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR Pharmacie; INSERM Unit ERi 24 GRAP France
| | - Béatrice Botia
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR Pharmacie; INSERM Unit ERi 24 GRAP France
| | - Fabien Coune
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR Pharmacie; INSERM Unit ERi 24 GRAP France
| | - Jérôme Jeanblanc
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR Pharmacie; INSERM Unit ERi 24 GRAP France
| | - Mickaël Naassila
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne; UFR Pharmacie; INSERM Unit ERi 24 GRAP France
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15
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Sage AS, Oelrichs CE, Davis DC, Fan KH, Nahas RI, Lever SZ, Lever JR, Miller DK. Effects of N-phenylpropyl-N'-substituted piperazine sigma receptor ligands on cocaine-induced hyperactivity in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 110:201-7. [PMID: 23891829 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined N-phenylpropyl-N'-substituted piperazine sigma receptor ligands on cocaine-induced changes in locomotor activity in mice. Previous reports indicate that N-phenylpropyl-N'-(4-methoxybenzyl)piperazine (Nahas-3h), N-phenylpropyl-N'-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperazine (YZ-067), and N-phenylpropyl-N'-(3-methoxyphenethyl)piperazine (YZ-185) bind with high affinity (Ki values≈1 nM) to σ1 sigma receptors. YZ-067 and YZ-185 are known to attenuate cocaine-induced convulsions, while Nahas-3h has not been tested in behavioral studies. Nahas-3h significantly attenuated cocaine-induced hyperactivity. YZ-067 decreased the effect of cocaine in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, YZ-185 inhibited cocaine's effect at higher doses, but enhanced cocaine's effect at a low dose. The YZ-185 inhibition of cocaine-induced hyperactivity was not surmounted by increasing the cocaine dose. Overall, this study is consistent with previous work showing the ability of certain sigma receptor ligands to affect cocaine-induced hyperactivity. Further, subtle alterations of ligand structure and the specific dosage levels employed influence the behavioral effects observed, with a 3-methoxy substituent apparently conferring the ability of a ligand to enhance cocaine's locomotor stimulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Sage
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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Decreased cocaine motor sensitization and self-administration in mice overexpressing cannabinoid CB₂ receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:1749-63. [PMID: 22414816 PMCID: PMC3358745 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The potential involvement of the cannabinoid CB₂ receptors (CB₂r) in the adaptive responses induced by cocaine was studied in transgenic mice overexpressing the CB₂r (CB₂xP) and in wild-type (WT) littermates. For this purpose, the acute and sensitized locomotor responses to cocaine, conditioned place preference, and cocaine intravenous self-administration were evaluated. In addition, we assessed whether CB₂r were localized in neurons and/or astrocytes, and whether they colocalized with dopamine D1 and D2 receptors (D1Dr and D2Dr). Dopamine (DA) extracellular levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DA transporter (DAT) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and μ-opioid and cannabinoid CB₁ receptors in the NAcc were also studied in both genotypes. CB₂xP mice showed decreased motor response to acute administration of cocaine (10-20 mg/kg) and cocaine-induced motor sensitization compared with WT mice. CB₂xP mice presented cocaine-induced conditioned place aversion and self-administered less cocaine than WT mice. CB₂r were found in neurons and astrocytes and colocalized with D2Dr in the VTA and NAcc. No significant differences in extracellular DA levels in the NAcc were observed between genotypes after cocaine administration. Under baseline conditions, TH and DAT gene expression was higher and μ-opioid receptor gene expression was lower in CB₂xP than in WT mice. However, both genotypes showed similar changes in TH and μ-opioid receptor gene expression after cocaine challenge independently of the pretreatment received. Importantly, the cocaine challenge decreased DAT gene expression to a lesser extent in cocaine-pretreated CB₂xP than in cocaine-pretreated WT mice. These results revealed that CB₂r are involved in cocaine motor responses and cocaine self-administration, suggesting that this receptor could represent a promising target to develop novel treatments for cocaine addiction.
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Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Xiong N, Lin Z. Identification of an intronic cis-acting element in the human dopamine transporter gene. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5393-9. [PMID: 22160470 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter gene (hDAT) encodes the dopamine transporter in dopamine (DA) neurons to regulate DA transmission. hDAT expression varies significantly from neuron to neuron, and from individual to individual so that dysregulation of hDAT is related to many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is critical to identify hDAT-specific cis-acting elements that regulate the hDAT expression. Previous studies showed that hDAT Intron 1 displayed inhibitory activity for reporter gene expression. Here we report that the hDAT Intron 1 contains a 121-bp fragment that down-regulated both SV40 and hDAT promoter activities by 80% in vitro. Subfragments of 121-bp still down-regulated the SV40 promoter but not the hDAT promoter, as supported by nuclear protein-binding activities. Collectively, 121-bp is a silencer in vitro that might coordinate with transcriptional activities both inside and outside 121-bp in regulation of hDAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02478, USA
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Stewart A, Wong K, Cachat J, Gaikwad S, Kyzar E, Wu N, Hart P, Piet V, Utterback E, Elegante M, Tien D, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models to study drug abuse-related phenotypes. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:95-105. [DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tammimäki A, Männistö PT. Effect of genetic modifications in the synaptic dopamine clearance systems on addiction-like behaviour in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 108:2-8. [PMID: 21118356 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the last 15 years, genetically modified mouse lines have proved to be a valuable research tool. This review summarizes research that studied addiction-like behaviour in mice that had a targeted mutation in the genes of the synaptic dopamine removal systems, i.e. in the dopamine transporter (DAT), a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) or two dopamine-metabolizing enzymes (monoamine oxidase, MAO, mainly MAO-A isoenzyme, and catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT). Majority of the mice are knockouts but also some knock-in and knock down mouse lines are included. Most studies have explored DAT, and it has been shown to be the critical target in addiction to psychostimulants. Its role in the development of addiction-like behaviour to nicotine, opioids or ethanol is less clear. VMAT2 also seems to be linked to psychostimulant addiction. MAO-A and COMT have a minor role in addiction-like behaviour that is further complicated by a sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tammimäki
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Li YC, Gao WJ. GSK-3β activity and hyperdopamine-dependent behaviors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 35:645-54. [PMID: 20727368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine plays important roles in normal brain function and many neuropsychiatric disorders. Classically, dopamine receptors are positively coupled to G protein-mediated signaling to regulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA)-dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) and Ca(2+) pathways. However, emerging evidence indicates that under hyperdopaminergic conditions, the protein kinase B (Akt)-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) signaling cascade may mediate dopamine actions via D(2)-like receptors. This cAMP-independent signaling pathway involves the regulation of downstream synaptic targets, e.g., AMPA receptor, NMDA receptors, and thus synaptic plasticity. Here we provide an overview of how this novel signaling pathway relays dopamine receptor-mediated responses, particularly hyperdopamine-dependent behaviors. We discuss the relevance of the Akt/GSK-3β signaling cascade for the expression of dopamine-dependent behaviors and the drug actions associated with dopaminergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Li
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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Kurling-Kailanto S, Kankaanpää A, Seppälä T. Subchronic nandrolone administration reduces cocaine-induced dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine outflow in the rat nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010; 209:271-81. [PMID: 20186395 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) is not only a problem in the world of sports but is associated with the polydrug use of nonathletes. Investigations of the neurochemical effects of AAS have focused in part on the monoaminergic systems, involving, among other things, the development of dependence. We have previously shown that pretreatment with nandrolone decanoate attenuates dose-dependently the increase in extracellular dopamine (DA) concentration evoked by amphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioyxymethamphetamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nandrolone pre-exposure modulates the acute neurochemical and behavioral effects of cocaine in rats and whether the effects are long lasting. METHODS DA, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and their metabolites were measured from samples collected from the NAc by microdialysis. The behavior of the animals was recorded. RESULTS The present study demonstrates that five injections of nandrolone (5 and 20 mg/kg) inhibited cocaine-evoked DA and 5-HT outflow in the NAc, locomotor activity (LMA), and stereotyped behavior in experimental animals, and that these effects are seen even after elimination of nandrolone from bloodstream. CONCLUSIONS Given that accumbal outflow of DA and 5-HT, as well as LMA and stereotyped behavior, is related to gratification of stimulant drugs, this study suggests that nandrolone, at the doses tested, has a significant effect on the pleasurable properties of cocaine. Furthermore, because neurochemical and behavioral responses were still attenuated after a fairly long recovery period, it seems that nandrolone may induce long-lasting changes in the brains of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Kurling-Kailanto
- Department of Alcohol, Drugs and Addiction, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland.
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Milner LC, Buck KJ. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes (QTGs) for alcohol-related phenotypes in mice. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2010; 91:173-204. [PMID: 20813243 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(10)91006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a complex clinical disorder with genetic and environmental contributions. Although no animal model duplicates alcoholism, models for specific factors, such as the withdrawal syndrome, are useful to identify potential genetic determinants of liability in humans. Murine models have been invaluable to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that influence a variety of alcohol responses. However, the QTL regions are typically large, at least initially, and contain numerous genes, making identification of the causal quantitative trait gene(s) (QTGs) challenging. Here, we present QTG identification strategies currently used in the field of alcohol genetics and discuss relevance to alcoholic human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Milner
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, VA Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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