1
|
Li VYC, Udugama B, Kadhiresan P, Chan WCW. Sequential Reagent Release from a Layered Tablet for Multistep Diagnostic Assays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17102-17111. [PMID: 36454606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic assays are commonly performed in multiple steps, where reagents are added at specific times and concentrations into a reaction chamber. The reagents require storage, preparation, and addition in the correct sequence and amount. These steps rely on trained technicians and instrumentation to perform each task. The reliance on such resources hinders the use of these diagnostic assays by lay users. We developed a tablet that can sequentially introduce prequantified lyophilized diagnostic reagents at specific time points for a multistep assay. We designed the tablet to have multiple layers using cellulose-grade polymers, such as microcrystalline cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose. Our formulation allows each layer to dissolve at a controlled rate to introduce reagents into the solution sequentially. The release rate is controlled by modulating the compression force or chemical formulation of the layer. Controlling the reagent release time is important because different assays have specific times when reagents need to be added. As proof of concept, we demonstrated two different assays with our tablet system. Our tablet detected nucleic acid target (tpp47 gene from Treponema pallidum) and nitrite ions in an aqueous sample without user intervention. Our multilayer tablets can simplify multistep assay processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Y C Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Buddhisha Udugama
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Pranav Kadhiresan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 14 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopez-Ruiz N, Curto VF, Erenas MM, Benito-Lopez F, Diamond D, Palma AJ, Capitan-Vallvey LF. Smartphone-Based Simultaneous pH and Nitrite Colorimetric Determination for Paper Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9554-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5019205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Lopez-Ruiz
- ECsens-CITIC,
Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, ETSIIT, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Vincenzo F. Curto
- Insight:
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Miguel M. Erenas
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Campus Fuentenueva, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Benito-Lopez
- Insight:
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin Dublin 9, Ireland
- CIC MicroGUNE, Goiru Kalea
9 Polo Innovación Garaia, 20500, Arrasate-Mondragón, Spain
| | - Dermot Diamond
- Insight:
Centre for Data Analytics, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Alberto J. Palma
- ECsens-CITIC,
Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, ETSIIT, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis F. Capitan-Vallvey
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Campus Fuentenueva, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carmody O, Kristóf J, Frost RL, Makó E, Kloprogge JT, Kokot S. A spectroscopic study of mechanochemically activated kaolinite with the aid of chemometrics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 287:43-56. [PMID: 15914147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of kaolinite surfaces is of industrial importance. In this work we report the application of chemometrics to the study of modified kaolinite surfaces. DRIFT spectra of mechanochemically activated kaolinites (Kiralyhegy, Zettlitz, Szeg, and Birdwood) were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methods, PROMETHEE and GAIA. The clear discrimination of the Kiralyhegy spectral objects on the two PC scores plots (400-800 and 800-2030 cm(-1)) indicated the dominance of quartz. Importantly, no ordering of any spectral objects appeared to be related to grinding time in the PC plots of these spectral regions. Thus, neither the kaolinite nor the quartz, are systematically responsive to grinding time according to the spectral criteria investigated. The third spectral region (2600-3800 cm(-1)OH vibrations), showed apparent systematic ordering of the Kiralyhegy and, to a lesser extent, Zettlitz spectral objects with grinding time. This was attributed to the effect of the natural quartz on the delamination of kaolinite and the accompanying phenomena (i.e., formation of kaolinite spheres and water). With the MCDM methods, it was shown that useful information on the basis of chemical composition, physical properties and grinding time can be obtained. For example, the effects of the minor chemical components (e.g., MgO, K(2)O, etc.) indicated that the Birdwood kaolinite is arguably the most pure one analyzed. In another MCDM experiment, some support was obtained for the apparent trend with grinding time noted in the PC plot of the OH spectral region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onuma Carmody
- Inorganic Materials Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|