1
|
Zheng X, Chen S, Zheng M, Peng J, He X, Han Y, Zhu J, Xiao Q, Lv R, Lin R. Development of the HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of phytochelatins and glutathione in Perilla frutescens under cadmium stress conditions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171659. [PMID: 29892363 PMCID: PMC5990822 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, accurate and simple method was developed for the simultaneous determination of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an evaporative light-scattering detector. GSH, phytochelatin 2 (PC2), PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 can be separated with baseline separation within 9 min using a Venusil AA column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle sizes). Acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) were employed as the mobile phase for the gradient elution. The drift tube temperature and flow rate of the carrier gas (N2) were 50°C and 1.5 l min-1, respectively. Under optimum conditions, good linear regression equations of six analytes were obtained with the detection limits ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 µg ml-1. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the quantification of GSH and PCs in Perilla frutescens (a cadmium hyperaccumulator) under cadmium stress. The recoveries were between 82.9% and 115.3%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqin Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosan He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Han
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtie Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rixin Lv
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyu Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M. Recent contributions to the study of phytochelatins with an analytical approach. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
3
|
Zaier H, Mudarra A, Kutscher D, Fernández de la Campa MR, Abdelly C, Sanz-Medel A. Induced lead binding phytochelatins in Brassica juncea and Sesuvium portulacastrum investigated by orthogonal chromatography inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 671:48-54. [PMID: 20541642 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation and transport of lead in Brassica juncea and Sesuvium portulacastrum plants and the possible formation of complexes of this element with bioligands such as phytochelatins was studied in roots and shoots of plants exposed to different amounts of Pb(NO(3))(2). Speciation studies on the plant extracts were conducted using size exclusion liquid chromatography and ion pair liquid chromatography coupled to UV and ICP-MS to monitor lead and sulphur. The identification of the species separated by chromatography was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS. In both types of exposed plants it was possible to identify the presence of the phytochelatin isoform PC(3). The results obtained suggest that both types of plants can be useful in studies of phytoremediation but the ability of S. portulacastrum to accumulate and redistribute Pb from root to shoot is more effective than B. juncea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zaier
- Laboratoire des Plantes Extrémophyles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Sadi BBM, Vonderheide AP, Gong JM, Schroeder JI, Shann JR, Caruso JA. An HPLC-ICP-MS technique for determination of cadmium-phytochelatins in genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 861:123-9. [PMID: 18065298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed to separate cadmium-phytochelatin complexes (Cd-PC2, Cd-PC3, and Cd-PC4) of interest in the plant Arapidopsis thaliana. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) system with some modification to the interface. This was done in order to sustain the plasma with optimum sensitivity for cadmium detection in the presence of the high methanol loads used in the gradient elution of the reversed-phase separation. The detection limits were found to be 91.8 ngl(-1), 77.2 ngl(-1) and 49.2 ngl(-1) for Cd-PC2, Cd-PC3, and Cd-PC4 respectively. The regression coefficients (r2) for Cd-PC2 to Cd-PC4 detection ranged from 0.998 to 0.999. The method was then used to investigate the occurrence and effect of cadmium-phytochelatin complexes in wild-type Arabidopsis and a phytochelatin-deficient mutant cad1-3 that had been genetically modified to ectopically express the wheat TaPCS1 phytochelatin synthase enzyme. The primary complex found in both wild-type and transgenic plants was Cd-PC2. In both lines, higher levels of Cd-PC2 were found in shoots than in roots, showing that phytochelatin synthases contribute to the accumulation of cadmium in shoots, in the Cd-PC2 form. Genetic modification did, however, impact the overall accumulation of Cd. Transgenic plants contained almost two times more cadmium in the form of Cd-PC2 in their roots than did the corresponding wild-type plants. Similarly, the shoot samples of the modified species also contained more (by 1.6 times) cadmium in the form of Cd-PC2 than the wild type. The enhanced role of PC2 in the transgenic Arabidopsis correlates with data showing long-distance transport of Cd in transgenic plants. Targeted transgenic expression of non-native phytochelatin synthases may contribute to improving the efficiency of plants for phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baki B M Sadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cecchi T. Application of Ion Pairing Chromatography to the Analysis of Inorganic Analytes: Review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701274379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
7
|
Chekmeneva E, Díaz-Cruz J, Ariño C, Esteban M. Binding of Cd2+ and Zn2+ with the Phytochelatin (γ-Glu-Cys)4-Gly: A Voltammetric Study Assisted by Multivariate Curve Resolution and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Bramanti E, Toncelli D, Morelli E, Lampugnani L, Zamboni R, Miller KE, Zemetra J, D'Ulivo A. Determination and characterization of phytochelatins by liquid chromatography coupled with on line chemical vapour generation and atomic fluorescence spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:195-203. [PMID: 16963057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled on line with UV/visible diode array detector (DAD) and cold vapour generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVGAFS) has been developed for the speciation, determination and characterization of phytochelatins (PCs). The method is based on a bidimensional approach, e.g. on the analysis of synthetic PC solutions (apo-PCs and Cd(2+)-complexed PCs) (i) by size exclusion chromatography coupled to UV diode array detector (SEC-DAD); (ii) by the derivatization of PC -SH groups in SEC fractions by p-hydroxymercurybenzoate (PHMB) and the indirect detection of PC-PHMB complexes by reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to atomic fluorescence detector (RPLC-CVGAFS). MALDI-TOF/MS (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) analysis of underivatized synthetic PC samples was performed in order have a qualitative information of their composition. Quantitative analysis of synthetic PC solutions has been performed on the basis of peak area of PC-PHMB complexes of the mercury specific chromatogram and calibration curve of standard solution of glutathione (GSH) complexed to PHMB (GS-PHMB). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) in terms of GS-PHMB complex was 90 nM (CV 5%) with an injection volume of 35 microL, corresponding to 3.2 pmol (0.97 ng) of GSH. The method has been applied to analysis of extracts of cell cultures from Phaeodactylum tricornutum grown in Cd-containing nutrient solutions, analysed by SEC-DAD-CVGAFS and RPLC-DAD-CVGAFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Bramanti
- Italian National Research Council, CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Laboratory of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bettmer J, Jakubowski N, Prange A. Elemental tagging in inorganic mass spectrometric bioanalysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:7-11. [PMID: 16924386 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0557-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bettmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas H Bings
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hirner AV. Speciation of alkylated metals and metalloids in the environment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:555-67. [PMID: 16715277 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The analytical methodology for speciation of metals and metalloids associated with alkyl groups and biomacromolecules is critically reviewed. Alkylated metals and metalloids are not only known to be produced by microbial methylation within most anaerobic compartments in the environment, but also in the course of enzymatic transformations during human metabolism. Because of the toxicological relevance of these compounds present in trace to ultratrace concentrations, firm species identification and exact quantification are essential. While many instrumental techniques coupling chromatography (GC, HPLC, CE, GE) with plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are available for quantification, methods used for structural identification often suffer from inadequate sensitivity (EI-MS, ESI-MS, MALDI-MS, FT-ICRMS). Other problems encountered are sample derivatisation artefacts, lack of suitable standards for quantification, lack of equilibrium between spikes and sample, and the integrity of metal-protein association during separation, in particular during SDS-PAGE. Selected application examples with respect to mercury and arsenic speciation will be discussed critically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred V Hirner
- Institute of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 3-5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Navaza AP, Montes-Bayón M, LeDuc DL, Terry N, Sanz-Medel A. Study of phytochelatins and other related thiols as complexing biomolecules of As and Cd in wild type and genetically modified Brassica juncea plants. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:323-31. [PMID: 16421878 DOI: 10.1002/jms.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of As and Cd in Brassica juncea plants and the formation of complexes of these elements with bioligands such as glutathione and/or phytochelatins (PCs) is studied. The genetic manipulation of these plants to induce higher As and Cd accumulation has been achieved by overexpressing the genes encoding for gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-ECS) and glutathione synthetase (GS). These two enzymes are responsible for glutathione (GSH) formation in plants, which is the first step in the production of PCs. The biomass produced in both the wild type and the genetically modified plants, has been evaluated. Additionally, the total Cd and As concentration accumulated in the plant tissues was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after extraction. Speciation studies on the extracts were conducted using size exclusion liquid chromatography (SEC) coupled online with ICP-MS to monitor As, Cd and S. For further purification of the As fractions, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used. Structural elucidation of the PCs and other thiols, as well as their complexes with As and Cd, was performed by electrospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight (ESI-Q-TOF). In both the Cd and As exposed plants it was possible to observe the presence of oxidized PC2 ([M + H]+, m/z 538), GS-PC2(-Glu) ([M + H]+, m/z 716) as well as reduced GSH ([M + H]+, m/z 308) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ([M + H]+, m/z 613). However, only the GS plants exhibited the presence of As(GS)3 complex ([M + H]+, m/z 994) that was further confirmed by MS/MS. This species is reported for the first time in B. juncea plant tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pereira Navaza
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|