1
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Cao C, Gu S, Song Z, Xie Z, Chang X, Shen P. The viscosifying behavior of W/O emulsion and its underlying mechanisms: Considering the interfacial adsorption of heavy components. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Dang M, Liu R, Dong F, Liu B, Hou K. Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization on-line mass spectrometry: instrumentation developments and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Zhang J, Tian Y, Luo Z, Qian C, Li W, Duan Y. Breath volatile organic compound analysis: an emerging method for gastric cancer detection. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 34610588 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac2cde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy, being the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Diagnosis of gastric cancer at the early stage is critical to effectively improve the survival rate. However, a substantial proportion of patients with gastric cancer in the early stages lack specific symptoms or are asymptomatic. Moreover, the imaging techniques currently used for gastric cancer screening, such as computed tomography and barium examination, are usually radioactive and have low sensitivity and specificity. Even though endoscopy has high accuracy for gastric cancer screening, its application is limited by the invasiveness of the technique. Breath analysis is an economic, effective, easy to perform, non-invasive detection method, and has no undesirable side effects on subjects. Extensive worldwide research has been conducted on breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which reveals its prospect as a potential method for gastric cancer detection. Many interesting results have been obtained and innovative methods have been introduced in this subject; hence, an extensive review would be beneficial. By providing a comprehensive list of breath VOCs identified by gastric cancer would promote further research in this field. This review summarizes the commonly used technologies for exhaled breath analysis, focusing on the application of analytical instruments in the detection of breath VOCs in gastric cancers, and the alterations in the profile of breath biomarkers in gastric cancer patients are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Tian
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Luo
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China
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4
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Application of Vacuum Ultraviolet Single-photon Ionization Mass Spectrometer in Online Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(19)61170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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5
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Efimova A, Varga J, Matuschek G, Saraji-Bozorgzad MR, Denner T, Zimmermann R, Schmidt P. Thermal Resilience of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids—Studies on Short- and Long-Term Thermal Stability and Decomposition Mechanism of 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Halides by Thermal Analysis and Single-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8738-8749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Efimova
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus—Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peer Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus—Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
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6
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Peinado I, Mason M, Biasioli F, Scampicchio M. Hyphenation of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry with thermal analysis for monitoring the thermal degradation of retinyl acetate. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:57-62. [PMID: 28913850 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The processing of retinyl acetate, a vitamin and biomarker, at high temperatures causes significant decomposition of the compound and thus loss of its activity. The rate of mass loss can be conveniently studied by thermogravimetry (TG). However, this technique generally fails to reveal which compounds have evolved from the compound. In this work we propose a new hyphenation approach to continuously monitor the thermal decomposition of retinyl acetate and follow the evolution of specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). METHODS Thermal degradation of retinyl acetate was followed by TG coupled to a direct injection mass spectrometer based on proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) to follow continuously the thermal decomposition of retinyl acetate. The results were also compared with those obtained by a second evolved gas analysis system based on the coupling of TG with FTIR. RESULTS The TG results showed two main mass losses, at 180°C and 350°C. When the PTR-MS instrument was connected to the outlet of the TG instrument, specific fragment ions (m/z 43, 61, 75, 85 and 97) showed characteristic evolution profiles. The first mass loss was mainly associated with the release of acetic acid (m/z 43 and 61), whereas the second mass loss was connected with the degradation of the molecule backbone (m/z 43, 61, 75, 85 and 97). These results were substantially correlated with those achieved by TG coupled with FTIR, although PTR-MS showed superior performance in terms of the qualitative identification of specific fragments and better sensitivity toward complex organic VOCs. CONCLUSIONS The proposed TG-PTR-MS technique shows a great potential for following in real time the thermal degradation of ingredients such as retinyl acetate and identifying compounds evolved at specific temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peinado
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Mason
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franco Biasioli
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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7
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Nowak JA, Weber RJ, Goldstein AH. Quantification of isomerically summed hydrocarbon contributions to crude oil by carbon number, double bond equivalent, and aromaticity using gas chromatography with tunable vacuum ultraviolet ionization. Analyst 2018; 143:1396-1405. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an02046e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
GC × GC with tunable vacuum ultraviolet photoionization distinguishes and isomerically quantifies aliphatic and aromatic fractions of crude oil hydrocarbon classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J. Weber
- Department of Environmental Science
- Policy and Management
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Allen H. Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science
- Policy and Management
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
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8
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Kruth C, Czech H, Sklorz M, Passig J, Ehlert S, Cappiello A, Zimmermann R. Direct Infusion Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Liquid Samples under Vacuum Conditions. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10917-10923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kruth
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics” (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München−German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics” (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München−German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven Ehlert
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Photonion GmbH, Hagenower Strasse
73, 19061 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Achille Cappiello
- DiSPA,
LC-MS Laboratory, University of Urbino, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics” (CMA), Helmholtz Zentrum München−German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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9
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Luo Z. Deep Ultraviolet Single‐Photon Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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10
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Evolution of Volatile Flavor Compounds During Roasting of Nut Seeds by Thermogravimetry Coupled to Fast-Cycling Optical Heating Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Electron and Photoionization. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Wohlfahrt S, Fischer M, Varga J, Saraji-Bozorgzad MR, Matuschek G, Denner T, Zimmermann R. Dual-Stage Consumable-Free Thermal Modulator for the Hyphenation of Thermal Analysis, Gas Chromatography, and Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 88:640-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wohlfahrt
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry Centre, University Rostock, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Fischer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry Centre, University Rostock, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Janos Varga
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry Centre, University Rostock, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- University of Augsburg, Chair
of Resource Strategy, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Georg Matuschek
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Mass
Spectrometry Centre, University Rostock, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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12
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Fischer M, Wohlfahrt S, Varga J, Matuschek G, Saraji-Bozorgzad MR, Denner T, Walte A, Zimmermann R. Optically Heated Ultra-Fast-Cycling Gas Chromatography Module for Separation of Direct Sampling and Online Monitoring Applications. Anal Chem 2015; 87:8634-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fischer
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical
Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wohlfahrt
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical
Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janos Varga
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- University of Augsburg, Chair of Resource Strategy, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Georg Matuschek
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical
Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Joint
Mass Spectrometry Centre, Cooperation Group “Comprehensive
Molecular Analytics”, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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13
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Rüger CP, Miersch T, Schwemer T, Sklorz M, Zimmermann R. Hyphenation of Thermal Analysis to Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry) Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization For Studying Composition and Thermal Degradation of Complex Materials. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6493-9. [PMID: 26024433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hyphenation of a thermobalance to an ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (UHR FTICR MS) is presented. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is used for efficient ionization. The evolved gas analysis (EGA), using high-resolution mass spectrometry allows the time-resolved molecular characterization of thermally induced processes in complex materials or mixtures, such as biomass or crude oil. The most crucial part of the setup is the hyphenation between the thermobalance and the APCI source. Evolved gases are forced to enter the atmospheric pressure ionization interface of the MS by applying a slight overpressure at the thermobalance side of the hyphenation. Using the FTICR exact mass data, detailed chemical information is gained by calculation of elemental compositions from the organic species, enabling a time and temperature resolved, highly selective detection of the evolved species. An additional selectivity is gained by the APCI ionization, which is particularly sensitive toward polar compounds. This selectivity on the one hand misses bulk components of petroleum samples such as alkanes and does not deliver a comprehensive view but on the other hand focuses particularly on typical evolved components from biomass samples. As proof of principle, the thermal behavior of different fossil fuels: heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil, and a crude oil, and different lignocellulosic biomass, namely, beech, birch, spruce, ash, oak, and pine as well as commercial available softwood and birch-bark pellets were investigated. The results clearly show the capability to distinguish between certain wood types through their molecular patterns and compound classes. Additionally, typical literature known pyrolysis biomass marker were confirmed by their elemental composition, such as coniferyl aldehyde (C10H10O3), sinapyl aldehyde (C11H12O4), retene (C18H18), and abietic acid (C20H30O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Rüger
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Toni Miersch
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Theo Schwemer
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,§HICE, Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,‡Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- †Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,‡Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,§HICE, Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Hertz-Schünemann R, Ehlert S, Streibel T, Liu C, McAdam K, Baker RR, Zimmermann R. High-resolution time and spatial imaging of tobacco and its pyrolysis products during a cigarette puff by microprobe sampling photoionisation mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2293-9. [PMID: 25627787 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The time- and space-resolved chemical signatures of gases and vapours formed in solid-state combustion processes are difficult to examine using recent analytical techniques. A machine-smoked cigarette represents a very reproducible model system for dynamic solid-state combustion. By using a special sampling system (microprobe unit) that extracts the formed gases from inside of the burning cigarette, which is coupled to a photoionisation mass spectrometer, it was possible to study the evolution of organic gases during a 2-s cigarette puff. The concentrations of various pyrolysis and combustion products such as 1,3-butadiene, toluene, acetaldehyde and phenol were monitored on-line at different sampling points within cigarettes. A near-microscopic-scale spatial resolution and a 200-ms time resolution were achieved. Finally, the recorded information was combined to generate time-resolved concentration maps, showing the formation and destruction zones of the investigated compounds in the burning cigarette. The combustion zone at the tip of cigarette, where e.g. 1,3-butadiene is predominately formed, was clearly separable from the pyrolysis zones. Depending on the stability of the precursor (e.g. lignin or cellulose), the position of pyrolytic formation varies. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that soft photoionisation mass spectrometry in conjunction with a microprobe sampling device can be used for time- and space-resolved analysis of combustion and pyrolysis reactions. In addition to studies on the model cigarette, further model systems may be studied with this approach. This may include further studies on the combustion of biomass or coal chunks, on heterogeneously catalysed reactions or on spray, dust and gas combustion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hertz-Schünemann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock and Helmholtz Zentrum München, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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15
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Hua L, Hou K, Chen P, Xie Y, Jiang J, Wang Y, Wang W, Li H. Realization of In-Source Collision-Induced Dissociation in Single-Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Its Application for Differentiation of Isobaric Compounds. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2427-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5043768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hua
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan
Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
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