1
|
Wang D, Fei Y, Niu C, Lu S, Chen X, Wu Y, He P, Zhang X, Chen H, Wang H, Gao Y. Proficiency testing for event-specific quantification of genetically modified maize MON87427: Performance assessment based on the metrologically traceable reference values as assigned values. Food Chem 2024; 453:139668. [PMID: 38805943 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The Asia Pacific Metrology Program and the Accreditation Cooperation joint Proficiency Testing (PT) program for the quantification of genetically modified maize MON87427 was organized by the National Institute of Metrology, China, to enhance the measurement accuracy and metrological traceability in the region. Certified reference materials were employed as test samples; metrologically traceable certified reference values served as PT reference values (PTRVs) for evaluating the participants results. The consensus values obtained from the participants were higher than the assigned values, potentially due to the systematic effects of DNA extraction process. The participants' relatively poor overall performance by the ζ-score compared with z-score demonstrates their need to thoroughly investigate quantification bias to elevate the measurement capability of genetically modified (GM) content and deepen their understanding of uncertainty estimation. This program confirmed the importance of using metrologically traceable reference values instead of consensus values as PTRV for reliable performance assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Fei
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chunyan Niu
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Song Lu
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms Traceability of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ping He
- Specialized Standards Accreditation Department (SSAD), China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS), Beijing 100062, China
| | - Xiujie Zhang
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Beijing 100176, China
| | - Haoqian Wang
- Development Center for Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Zhao R, Huang Z, Chu C, Xiao Y, Hu X, Wang X. A small-scale external quality assessment for PCR detection of group B streptococcus in China. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117733. [PMID: 38128816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group B streptococcus (GBS) is considered a leading cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Molecular diagnosis is a routinely used approach for GBS screening to protect pregnant women and prevent early-onset GBS neonatal disease. The objective of this study was to identify issues and guarantee the dependability of GBS molecular diagnosis by an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme. METHODS The EQA panel comprised eight samples spiked with 10-fold dilutions of GBS suspension (20-2,000,000 copies/mL), and 2 negative control samples. The panels were coded randomly and distributed to participating laboratories for GBS detection. RESULTS In total, 44 participating laboratories submitted results with eight commercial GBS PCR assays and one in-house assay. Among them, 36 obtained an acceptable or higher performance score, while 8 required improvement. Among the 440 results returned, 62 (14.1 %) were incorrect, including 5 false positives and 57 false negatives. CONCLUSIONS Our small-scale EQA showed that most participating laboratories have reliable diagnostic capacities for GBS PCR detection. Nonetheless, further improvements in the detection performance of some laboratories are required, particularly with low-concentration samples. Our survey also reinforces the use of EQA as an essential tool to evaluate the overall proficiency of clinical laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Chen
- Department of Quality Control Material R&D, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Quality Control Material R&D, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqiang Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxiang Chu
- Department of Quality Control Material R&D, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Quality Control Material R&D, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xueliang Wang
- Department of Quality Control Material R&D, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qualitative and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Methods for Assessing False-Positive Rates in Genetically Modified Organisms Based on the Microbial-Infection-Linked HPT Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710000. [PMID: 36077399 PMCID: PMC9456445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene as a selective marker is normally used in screening tests as a first step in detecting and quantifying genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in seeds, food, and feed materials. Nevertheless, if researchers only focus on the HPT gene, it is difficult to distinguish genetically modified (GM) crops from microbial infection, leading to miscalculation of the rate of GM materials in a given sample set. Here, we cloned the 7259 bp sequence carrying the HPT gene from soybean sprouts using the genome walking strategy. BLAST analysis revealed that this sequence was derived from plasmids naturally occurring in microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Salmonella sp. Using the reconstructed plasmid pFP-hpt, qualitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods were established, and 261 bp and 156 bp products were produced. The specificity of these assays was assessed against related pFP-hpt plasmids, plant species with important agronomic traits, and GM crops containing the HPT gene. No unexpected results were observed between samples using these qualitative PCR and qPCR methods. The sensitivity of this qualitative PCR assay was determined at 20 copies, while the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of qPCR were both 5 copies per reaction. Our in-house validation indicated that the amplification efficiency, linearity, and repeatability of this qPCR assay were in line with performance requirements. Furthermore, a qualitative and quantitative duplex PCR showed high reliability for the simultaneous detection of the HPT gene in a plant sample and environmental micro-organisms harboring the HPT gene in one PCR reaction. These qualitative PCR and qPCR assays were able to differentiate between plants infected with E. coli harboring the HPT gene from GM plants, indicating that these two methods are broadly applicable for routine GMO testing.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Yu H, Wang P, Peng C, Wang X, Xu X, Xu J, Liang J, Li L. Digital PCR-Based Characterization of a g10evo-epsps Gene-Specific Matrix Reference Material for Its Food and Feed Detection. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131888. [PMID: 35804704 PMCID: PMC9266130 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
g10evo-epsps is a novel glyphosate herbicide-resistant gene that has been transferred to various crops such as soybean, corn, cotton, and rice. Here, we developed a gene-specific digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) detection method for absolute quantitative analysis of g10evo-epsps, and characterized g10evo-epsps certified reference materials (CRM) using ZUTS-33 soybean powder as the candidate material. Stability tests of matrix CRMs demonstrate that these CRMs can be stored stably for 6 months and transported for 10 days at room temperature and withstand summer high temperatures (below 60 °C). CRM characterization is based on the copy number ratio of g10evo-epsps to lectin. Eight qualified laboratories independently validated the CRM using dPCR method, with a measurement of 0.98 (copy/copy) and an extended uncertainty of 0.08 (copy/copy). The g10evo-epsps matrix CRM described here may be used for qualitative and quantitative testing, method evaluation, laboratory quality control, and other related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Huiru Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321001, China;
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Li J, Zhao S, Yan X, Si N, Gao H, Li Y, Zhai S, Xiao F, Wu G, Wu Y. An Editing-Site-Specific PCR Method for Detection and Quantification of CAO1-Edited Rice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061209. [PMID: 34071965 PMCID: PMC8226746 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-edited plants created by genome editing technology have been approved for commercialization. Due to molecular characteristics that differ from classic genetically modified organisms (GMOs), establishing regulation-compliant analytical methods for identification and quantification of genome-edited plants has always been regarded as a challenging task. An editing-site-specific PCR method was developed based on the unique edited sequence in CAO1-edited rice plants. Test results of seven primer/probe sets indicated that this method can identify specific CAO1-edited rice from other CAO1-edited rice and wild types of rice with high specificity and sensitivity. The use of LNA (locked nucleic acid) in a probe can efficiently increase the specificity of the editing-site-specific PCR method at increased annealing temperature which can eliminate non-specific amplification of the non-target. The genome-edited ingredient content in blinded samples at the level of 0.1% to 5.0% was accurately quantified by this method on the ddPCR platform with RSD of <15% and bias in the range of ±17%, meeting the performance requirements for GMO detection method. The developed editing-site-specific PCR method presents a promising detection and quantification technique for genome-edited plants with known edited sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuhua Wu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-86711573
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Development and assessment of a duplex droplet digital PCR method for quantification of GM rice Kemingdao. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4341-4351. [PMID: 34023912 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of genetically modified organism (GMO) labeling policies requires accurate quantitative methods to measure the GMO content in test samples. A Kemingdao/phospholipase D (KMD/PLD) duplex ddPCR method was established with rice genomic DNA (gDNA) of homozygous KMD as template by optimizing the annealing temperature and cycle number. Duplex ddPCR showed a linear response over the dynamic range from 68 to 175,000 copies, covering four orders of magnitude. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for duplex ddPCR were determined to be 9 copies and 34 copies of the rice haploid genome, respectively. A very high dilution factor would result in unacceptable bias and coefficients of variation for determining copy number of the gDNA solution, and more than 1000 copies of the DNA template in one reaction is preferred to obtain accurate quantitative results by duplex PCR. Five blinded DNA samples with copy number ratio of 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1%, and 0.05%, and three blinded real-life matrix samples with mass fraction of 5%, 1%, and 0.5% were quantified by duplex ddPCR, simplex ddPCR, and qPCR. These three methods all gave comparable GMO content and copy numbers within the required precision, but the duplex ddPCR showed the narrowest uncertainty interval and provided the highest precision in comparison to simplex ddPCR and qPCR. The ddPCR is a more appealing and reliable technology for the accurate quantification of GMO content than simplex ddPCR and qPCR considering the uncertainty and precision of quantitative results, the time consumption of generating droplets, and the cost of ddPCR reagents.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li J, Li L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Li X, Zhai S, Gao H, Li Y, Wu G, Wu Y. Development of a certified genomic DNA reference material for detection and quantification of genetically modified rice KMD. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7007-7016. [PMID: 32740822 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative detection of genetically modified products is inseparable from the application of reference materials (RMs). In this study, a batch of genomic DNA (gDNA) certified reference materials (CRMs) was developed using genetically modified rice Kemingdao (KMD) homozygotes as the raw material. The gDNA CRMs in this batch showed good homogeneity; the minimum sample intake was determined to be 2 μL. The stability study showed that transportation by cold chain is preferable, no significant degradation trend was observed during a 12-month period when storing the gDNA CRMs at 4 °C and - 20 °C, and the number of freeze-thaw cycles cannot exceed 10. The property values of the copy number ratio of transgene and endogenous gene and the copy number concentration for gDNA CRMs were determined by a collaborative characterization of eight laboratories using the duplex KMD/PLD droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays. The uncertainty components of characterization, potential between-unit heterogeneity, and potential degradation during long-term storage were combined to estimate the expanded uncertainty of the certified value with a coverage factor k of 2.0. The certified value of copy number ratio for KMD gDNA CRM is 0.99 ± 0.05, and that of copy number concentration is (1.76 ± 0.10) × 105 copies/μL. Compared to the gDNA CRMs in availability, this batch of KMD gDNA CRMs is assigned accurate property values and can be directly used for qualitative and quantitative detection of GMOs as well as evaluation of the parameters of analytical methods with no need of further DNA concentration measurement. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiujie Zhang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Beijing, 100025, China.
| | - Xiaying Li
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, Beijing, 100025, China
| | - Shanshan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Li X, Li Y, Zhu L, Li J, Wu G. Development and application of a general plasmid reference material for GMO screening. Plasmid 2016; 87-88:28-36. [PMID: 27497661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of analytical controls is essential when performing GMO detection through screening tests. Additionally, the presence of taxon-specific sequences is analyzed mostly for quality control during GMO detection. In this study, 11 commonly used genetic elements involving three promoters (P-35S, P-FMV35S and P-NOS), four marker genes (Bar, NPTII, HPT and Pmi), and four terminators (T-NOS, T-35S, T-g7 and T-e9), together with the reference gene fragments from six major crops of maize, soybean, rapeseed, rice, cotton and wheat, were co-integrated into the same single plasmid to construct a general reference plasmid pBI121-Screening. The suitability test of pBI121-Screening plasmid as reference material indicated that the non-target sequence on the pBI121-Screening plasmid did not affect the PCR amplification efficiencies of screening methods and taxon-specific methods. The sensitivity of screening and taxon-specific assays ranged from 5 to 10 copies of pBI121-Screening plasmid, meeting the sensitivity requirement of GMO detection. The construction of pBI121-Screening solves the lack of a general positive control for screening tests, thereby reducing the workload and cost of preparing a plurality of the positive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|