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Chiang MK, Lin TC, Lin KH, Chang YC, Hsieh-Li HM, Lai DM. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Attenuated the Motor Coordination and Cognitive Impairment of Polyglutamine Spinocerebellar Ataxia SCA17 Mice. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:401-417. [PMID: 36943575 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a large and diverse group of autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative diseases. No drugs have been approved for these relentlessly progressive and fatal SCAs. Our previous studies indicate that oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis are elevated in the SCA17 mice, which are the main therapeutic targets of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT). HBOT is considered to be an alternative and less invasive therapy for SCAs. In this study, we evaluated the HBOT (2.2 ATA for 14 days) effect and the persistence for the management of SCA17 mice and their wild-type littermates. We found HBOT attenuated the motor coordination and cognitive impairment of SCA17 mice and which persisted for about 1 month after the treatment. The results of several biochemistry and liver/kidney hematoxylin and eosin staining show the HBOT condition has no obvious toxicity in the mice. Immunostaining analyses show that the neuroprotective effect of HBOT could be through the promotion of BDNF production and the amelioration of neuroinflammation. Surprisingly, HBOT executes different effects on the male and female SCA17 mice, including the reduction of neuroinflammation and activation of CaMKII and ERK. This study suggests HBOT is a potential alternative therapeutic treatment for SCA17. Accumulated findings have revealed the similarity in disease pathomechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies in polyQ diseases; therefore, HBOT could be an optional treatment as well as the other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ke Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chun Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Chin Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Dar-Ming Lai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Monsour M, Ebedes D, Borlongan CV. A review of the pathology and treatment of TBI and PTSD. Exp Neurol 2022; 351:114009. [PMID: 35150737 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This literature review focuses on the underlying pathophysiology of TBI and PTSD symptoms, while also examining the plethora of stem cell treatment options to ameliorate these neuronal and functional changes. As more veterans return suffering from TBI and/or PTSD, it is vital that researchers discover novel therapies to mitigate the detrimental symptoms of both diagnoses. A variety of stem cell treatments have been studied and offer hopeful options for TBI and PTSD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Monsour
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dominique Ebedes
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Xia A, Huang H, You W, Liu Y, Wu H, Liu S. The neuroprotection of hyperbaric oxygen therapy against traumatic brain injury via NF-κB/MAPKs-CXCL1 signaling pathways. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:207-220. [PMID: 34687331 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy achieves neuroprotective effects by modulating neuroinflammatory responses. However, its underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Based on our previous studies, we further investigated whether HBO therapy exerts neuroprotective effects in vivo by regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/ mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1 inflammatory pathway. In our study, a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was established by controlled cortical impact (CCI) to verify that the expression of CXCL1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)2 increased after TBI, and CXCL1 was mainly expressed in astrocytes, while CXCR2 was mainly expressed in neurons. Increased apoptosis of cortical nerve cells in the injured cortex was also found after TBI. Reduced nerve cell apoptosis with improved neurological function was observed after application of a CXCR2 antagonist. The expression of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and p-NF-κB increased after TBI, and application of ERK, JNK and NF-κB inhibitors decreased expression of CXCL1 and CXCR2 in rats. We further found that HBO therapy down-regulated the expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, p-NF-κB, CXCL1, and CXCR2, and reduced nerve cell apoptosis, improved the neurological function of TBI rats, and ultimately alleviated the secondary injury. In conclusion, HBO therapy may exert neuroprotective effect by regulating the NF-κB/MAPKs (JNK and ERK)-CXCL1 inflammatory pathways following TBI, which probably provide the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of HBO therapy in the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun You
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Peoples Hospital of Nantong, Affiliated of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongqin Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Jiang Y, Chen Y, Huang C, Xia A, Wang G, Liu S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurological function via the p38-MAPK/CCL2 signaling pathway following traumatic brain injury. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1255-1262. [PMID: 34494990 PMCID: PMC8432607 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) treatment on traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuroinflammation remain unclear. The aim of this study was expected the effect of HBO on CCL2-related signaling pathway following severe TBI in rats. METHODS The severe TBI model in rats was induced by controlled cortical impact. TBI rats were treated with CCR2 antagonist, p38 inhibitor, or HBO. Modified neurological severity scores and Morris water maze were used to evaluate neurological and cognitive function. The expression levels of CCL2 and CCR2 were measured by ELISA and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Phospho-p38 expression was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS TBI-induced upregulation of CCL2, CCR2, and p38 in the injured cortex. Application of CCR2 antagonist improved neurological and cognitive function of TBI rats. Application of p38 inhibitor decreased expression of CCL2 and CCR2 in the injured of TBI rats, meanwhile improved neurological and cognitive function. HBO improved neurological and cognitive function by decreasing the expressions of CCL2, CCR2, and phospho-p38. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the p38-MAPK-CCL2 signaling pathway could mediate neuroinflammation and HBO therapy can modulate neuroinflammation by modulating the p38-MAPK-CCL2 signaling pathways following TBI. This study may provide theoretical evidence for HBO treatment in the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University
| | - Chunling Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University
| | - Anqi Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University
| | - Guohua Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
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Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, intermittent breathing of 100% oxygen at a pressure upper than sea level, has been shown to be some of the neuroprotective effects and used therapeutically in a wide range of neurological disorders. This review summarizes current knowledge about the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy with their molecular mechanisms in different models of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ahmadi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Farhadi Moghadam B, Fereidoni M. Neuroprotective effect of menaquinone-4 (MK-4) on transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229769. [PMID: 32150581 PMCID: PMC7062268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes cognitive deficits, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and brain edema. Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone 4, MK-4) as a potent antioxidant can be a good candidate to ameliorate I/R consequences. This study focused on the neuroprotective effects of MK-4 for cerebral I/R insult in rat’s hippocampus. The rat model of cerebral I/R was generated by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 20 min. Rats were divided into control, I/R, I/R+DMSO (solvent (1% v/v)) and I/R+MK-4 treated (400 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. Twenty-four hours after I/R injury induction, total brain water content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitrate/nitrite concentration and neuronal density were evaluated. In addition to quantify the apoptosis processes, TUNEL staining, as well as expression level of Bax and Bcl2, were assessed. To evaluate astrogliosis and induced neurotoxicity by I/R GFAP and GLT-1 mRNA expression level were quantified. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured. Seven days post I/R, behavioral analysis to quantify cognitive function, as well as Nissl staining for surviving neuronal evaluation, were conducted. The findings indicated that administration of MK-4 following I/R injury improved anxiety-like behavior, short term and spatial learning and memory impairment induced by I/R. Also, MK-4 was able to diminish the increased total brain water content, apoptotic cell density, Bax/ Bcl2 ratio and GFAP mRNA expression following I/R. In addition, the high level of nitrate/nitrite, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α induced by I/R was reduced after MK-4 administration. However, MK-4 promotes the level of SOD activity and GLT-1 mRNA expression in I/R rat model. The findings demonstrated that MK-4 can rescue transient global cerebral I/R consequences via its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress features. MK-4 administration ameliorates neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity and neuronal cell death processes and leads to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Fereidoni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Glushakova OY, Glushakov AV, Yang L, Hayes RL, Valadka AB. Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury: Implications for Clinical Management. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:2401-2413. [PMID: 30595079 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with long-term disability and chronic neurological sequelae. One common contributor to unfavorable outcomes is secondary brain injury, which is potentially treatable and preventable through appropriate management of patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Intracranial pressure (ICP) is currently the predominant neurological-specific physiological parameter used to direct the care of severe TBI (sTBI) patients. However, recent clinical evidence has called into question the association of ICP monitoring with improved clinical outcome. The detailed cellular and molecular derangements associated with intracranial hypertension (IC-HTN) and their relationship to injury phenotype and neurological outcomes are not completely understood. Various animal models of TBI have been developed, but the clinical applicability of ICP monitoring in the pre-clinical setting has not been well-characterized. Linking basic mechanistic studies in translational TBI models with investigation of ICP monitoring that more faithfully replicates the clinical setting will provide clinical investigators with a more informed understanding of the pathophysiology of IC-HTN, thus facilitating development of improved therapies for sTBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Y Glushakova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 101st Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ronald L Hayes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Banyan Biomarkers, Inc., Alachua, Florida, USA
| | - Alex B Valadka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Liu S, Lu C, Liu Y, Zhou X, Sun L, Gu Q, Shen G, Guo A. Hyperbaric Oxygen Alleviates the Inflammatory Response Induced by LPS Through Inhibition of NF-κB/MAPKs-CCL2/CXCL1 Signaling Pathway in Cultured Astrocytes. Inflammation 2018; 41:2003-2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koç O, Er N. Can Hyaluronidase Be an Alternative Postoperative Anti-edema Agent to Dexamethasone? Preliminary Results of an Animal Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1653-1659. [PMID: 29654778 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) is widely used as a spreading factor, which enhances the absorption of subcutaneously injected medicines. The anti-inflammatory and anti-edema effects of the enzyme were demonstrated in previous studies. In the present study, the anti-edema effect of rHuPH20 was compared with that of dexamethasone in a traumatic rat paw edema model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 200 to 450 g) were divided into 3 groups: control (group 1), rHuPH20 (group 2), and dexamethasone (group 3). Traumatic edema was induced in the right hind paws of the rats using Feeney's weight-drop model. After edema induction, 0.4 mL of rHuPH20 (100 U/kg = 0.88 μg/kg dose) and 0.4 mL of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg dose) were injected into the right hind paws of the rats in groups 2 and 3. The paw volumes were measured before edema induction and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after induction using a plethysmometer. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the statistical analyses. Probabilities < .05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS The between percentage change in the edema mean values of groups 1 and 3 showed no significant difference at all time points; however, group 2 showed significantly less change in the edema mean values at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after edema induction (P < .05) compared with group 1. The change in the edema mean value for group 2 was significantly less than that for group 3 at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after edema induction (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Local rHuPH20 injection more effectively reduced the edema that was induced traumatically in rat paws than did dexamethasone. However, further clinical studies are needed regarding the use of rHuPH20 as a postoperative anti-edema agent in place of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Koç
- Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nuray Er
- Doctor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
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da Silva SC, Feres O, da Silva Beggiora P, Machado HR, Menezes-Reis R, Araújo JE, Brandão RA, da Silva Lopes L. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces astrogliosis and helps to recovery brain damage in hydrocephalic young rats. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:1125-1134. [PMID: 29671042 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the possible beneficial effects that hyperbaric oxygen therapy could offer in different brain structures affected by ventriculomegaly in pup rats submitted to experimental hydrocephalus. METHODS Seven-day-old Wistar rats were submitted to hydrocephalus by intracisternal injection of 10% kaolin into the cisterna magna. The animals were divided into four groups: control (n = 5); control with HBOT (3ATA/2 h/day) (n = 5); untreated hydrocephalic (n = 10); hydrocephalic treated with HBOT (3ATA/2 h/day) (n = 10). The treatment with HBOT was performed daily for 14 days post-induction of hydrocephalus. To evaluate the response to treatment, behavioral tests (open field, Morris water maze, and activity monitor) were performed. After 14 days, the animals were euthanized, and the brain was removed for histological (hematoxylin-eosin and solochrome-cyanine) and immunohistochemical (GFAP and Ki-67) studies. RESULTS The hyperbaric treatment, although not causing changes in ventricular enlargement, resulted in a significant improvement in the behavioral performance (p = 0.0001), with greater agility and exploration of the environment, preservation of spatial memory, and greater learning capacity (p = 0.0001). Through the immunohistochemical study, the astrocytic activity (glial fibrillary acidic protein) in the corpus callosum (p = 0.0001) and in the germinative matrix (p = 0.0033) was significantly reduced as compared to that in the H group. CONCLUSION The results suggest that hyperbaric treatment bettered the behavioral performance and offered benefits to the structures affected by the ventricular increase helping to recover the brain damages. In this way, the HBOT it can be considered an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanya Covas da Silva
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Bandeirantes Av., 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-090, Brazil.
| | - Omar Feres
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Bandeirantes Av., 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-090, Brazil
| | - Pâmella da Silva Beggiora
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Bandeirantes Av., 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-090, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens Machado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Bandeirantes Av., 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-090, Brazil
| | - Rafael Menezes-Reis
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Av. dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Araújo
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900 Av. dos Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Brandão
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Bandeirantes Av., 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-090, Brazil
| | - Luiza da Silva Lopes
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Bandeirantes Av., 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-090, Brazil
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Lim SW, Sung KC, Shiue YL, Wang CC, Chio CC, Kuo JR. Hyperbaric Oxygen Effects on Depression-Like Behavior and Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury Rats. World Neurosurg 2017; 100:128-137. [PMID: 28065873 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy causes attenuation of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced depression-like behavior and its associated anti-neuroinflammatory effects after fluid percussion injury. METHODS Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: sham operation plus normobaric air (NBA) (21% oxygen at 1 absolute atmosphere [ATA]), TBI plus NBA, and TBI plus HBO (100% oxygen at 2.0 ATA). HBO was applied immediately for 60 min/d after TBI for 3 days. Depression-like behavior was tested by a forced swimming test, motor function was tested by an inclined plane test, and infarction volume was tested by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining on days 4, 8, and 15. Neuronal apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay), microglial (marker OX42) activation, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in microglia in the hippocampus CA3 were measured by immunofluorescence methods. RESULTS Compared with the TBI controls, without significant changes in TTC staining or in the motor function test, TBI-induced depression-like behavior was significantly attenuated by HBO therapy by day 15 after TBI. Simultaneously, TBI-induced neuronal apoptosis, microglial (marker OX42) activation, and TNF-α expression in the microglia in the hippocampus CA3 were significantly reduced by HBO. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HBO treatment may ameliorate TBI-induced depression-like behavior in rats by attenuating neuroinflammation, representing one possible mechanism by which depression-like behavior recovery might occur. We also recommend HBO as a potential treatment for TBI-induced depression-like behavior if early intervention is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sher-Wei Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Chiali, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chin Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Child Care, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Chio
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
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12
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Brain structure alterations and cognitive impairment following repetitive mild head impact: An in vivo MRI and behavioral study in rat. Behav Brain Res 2016; 340:41-48. [PMID: 27498246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is a common health issue. Several people repeatedly experience head impact milder than that causing concussion. The present study aimed to confirm the effects of such repeated impact on the brain structure and cognitive abilities. Rat models were established by closed skull weight-drop injury. The animals were anesthetized, subjected to single (s)-sham, s-mTBI, repetitive (r)-sham, and r-mTBI, and recovery times were recorded. MRI, including T2-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), as well as, neurological severity scores (mNSS) were assessed for the dynamics of the brain structure and neurological function. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate the cognitive function. The histological examination of r-mTBI rats revealed the basis of structural changes in the brain. There was no significant difference in the recovery time, MRI, mNSS, and MWM between the s-sham and the s-mTBI groups. Compared with r-sham, r-mTBI induced significant differences in the following aspects. The recovery time was prolonged and beam balance test (BBT) in mNSS increased from day 5. MWM performances were worse even after the BBT was recovered. The volumes of the cortex (CT), hippocampus (HP), and lateral ventricle had changed from day 5, which reached a maximum at day 14. Abnormal DTI parameters were observed in CT, corpus callosum, and HP. Histological analyses showed that both in CT and HP, neuron counts reduced at the end of the experiment. Altogether, these findings indicate that non-symptomatic head injury may result in brain atrophy and cognitive impairment when occurred repeatedly.
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13
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Eve DJ, Steele MR, Sanberg PR, Borlongan CV. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a potential treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder associated with traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2689-2705. [PMID: 27799776 PMCID: PMC5077240 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) describes the presence of physical damage to the brain as a consequence of an insult and frequently possesses psychological and neurological symptoms depending on the severity of the injury. The recent increased military presence of US troops in Iraq and Afghanistan has coincided with greater use of improvised exploding devices, resulting in many returning soldiers suffering from some degree of TBI. A biphasic response is observed which is first directly injury-related, and second due to hypoxia, increased oxidative stress, and inflammation. A proportion of the returning soldiers also suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and in some cases, this may be a consequence of TBI. Effective treatments are still being identified, and a possible therapeutic candidate is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Some clinical trials have been performed which suggest benefits with regard to survival and disease severity of TBI and/or PTSD, while several other studies do not see any improvement compared to a possibly poorly controlled sham. HBOT has been shown to reduce apoptosis, upregulate growth factors, promote antioxidant levels, and inhibit inflammatory cytokines in animal models, and hence, it is likely that HBOT could be advantageous in treating at least the secondary phase of TBI and PTSD. There is some evidence of a putative prophylactic or preconditioning benefit of HBOT exposure in animal models of brain injury, and the optimal time frame for treatment is yet to be determined. HBOT has potential side effects such as acute cerebral toxicity and more reactive oxygen species with long-term use, and therefore, optimizing exposure duration to maximize the reward and decrease the detrimental effects of HBOT is necessary. This review provides a summary of the current understanding of HBOT as well as suggests future directions including prophylactic use and chronic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Eve
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Martin R Steele
- Veterans Reintegration Steering Committee, Veterans Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R Sanberg
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine
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