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Kalantari M, ShahAli S, Dadgoo M, Tabatabaei A. The automatic activity of abdominal muscles during stable and unstable standing postural tasks in older adults with and without low back pain- A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38565979 PMCID: PMC10988816 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postural control and abdominal muscles' automatic activity were found to be impaired in subjects with low back pain (LBP) during static activities. However, the studies are predominantly conducted on younger adults and a limited number of studies have evaluated abdominal muscles' automatic activity during dynamic standing activities in subjects with LBP. The present study investigated the automatic activity of abdominal muscles during stable and unstable standing postural tasks in older adults with and without LBP. METHODS Twenty subjects with and 20 subjects without LBP were included. The thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles was measured during rest (in supine), static, and dynamic standing postural tasks. To estimate automatic muscle activity, each muscle's thickness during a standing task was normalized to its thickness during the rest. Standing postural tasks were performed using the Biodex Balance System. RESULTS The mixed-model analysis of variance revealed that task dynamicity significantly affected thickness change only in the TrA muscle (P = 0.02), but the main effect for the group and the interaction were not significantly different (P > 0.05). There were no significant main effects of the group, task dynamicity, or their interaction for the IO and EO muscles (P > 0.05). During dynamic standing, only the TrA muscle in the control group showed greater thickness changes than during the static standing task (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Standing on a dynamic level increased the automatic activity of the TrA muscle in participants without LBP compared to standing on a static level. Further research is required to investigate the effects of TrA muscle training during standing on dynamic surfaces for the treatment of older adults with LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kalantari
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam ShahAli
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dadgoo
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Tabatabaei
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lee K, Jung J, Shin H, Lee K, Lee H, Lee G. Analysis of trunk muscles activity during horseback riding machine exercise in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31915. [PMID: 36595990 PMCID: PMC9803444 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate trunk muscle activity is needed to perform functional activities in cerebral palsy, this study analyzed the activity of trunk muscles during horseback riding machine exercise in children with spastic cerebral palsy. 10 children with spastic cerebral palsy were participated, the activity of the trunk muscles, including both sides of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae in sitting posture and during horseback riding machine exercise were evaluated using a surface electromyography. The activity of bilateral rectus abdominis, external oblique, latissimus dorsi, and erector spinae increased during horseback riding machine exercise than quiet sitting posture. Moreover, there were significant differences in activities of the trunk muscles between the sitting posture and horseback riding machine exercise, with the exception of the left external oblique and the left latissimus dorsi. Horseback riding machine exercise provides more opportunities to use the trunk muscles for children with spastic cerebral palsy than general sitting posture. In future, it will be of use to investigate the effect of horseback riding machine exercise in patients with cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongbong Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHee Jung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Kyungnam University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeonHui Shin
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Dongseo University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - KyungJune Lee
- Department of Broadcasting and Communication Policy, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoSun Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Kyungnam University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - GyuChang Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
- * Correspondence: GyuChang Lee, Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungnam University, 7 Kyungnamdaehak-ro, Masanhappo-gu, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do 51767, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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Kim JH, Lee SM, Jeon SH. Correlations among trunk impairment, functional performance, and muscle activity during forward reaching tasks in patients with chronic stroke. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2955-8. [PMID: 26504333 PMCID: PMC4616134 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the relationships among trunk impairment,
functional performance, and muscle activity during forward reaching tasks in patients with
chronic stroke. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-three chronic stroke patients participated
in this study. Trunk impairment and functional performance were evaluated using the Trunk
Impairment Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, and 10-Meter Walk Test. All
subjects were asked to perform 3 different forward reaching tasks (affected side reaching,
forward reaching, and less-affected side reaching), and measurements were taken during
these 3 tasks by using surface electromyography. Correlation analyses were performed to
assess the relationships among trunk impairment, functional performance, and muscle
activity during the forward reaching tasks. [Results] Spearman’s correlation analysis
revealed a strong, significant correlation between the Trunk Impairment Scale and
functional performance, that was associated with balance and gait ability. During the 3
different forward reaching tasks, muscle activities of the less-affected lower extremity
were significantly correlated with functional performance. [Conclusion] This study
revealed the correlations among trunk impairment, functional performance, and muscle
activity during forward reaching tasks in patients with chronic stroke and emphasized the
importance of trunk rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Her JG, Ko J. Effect of horseback riding simulation machine training on trunk balance and gait of chronic stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:29-32. [PMID: 24567670 PMCID: PMC3927036 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of horseback
riding simulation machine training on trunk balance and gait of patients with chronic
stroke. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 20 patients hospitalized for treatment
after being diagnosed with stroke. Horseback riding simulation training was provided for
30 minutes, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Trunk balance was assessed using the Trunk
Impairment Scale (TIS) and a balance measuring device (Biorescue, RM ingenierie, France),
and gait ability was measured using the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) and a gait
analyzer (GAITRite, CIR system Inc., USA). [Results] There were significant changes in
movement area, distance and velocity of body sway as measured by the TIS and the balance
measuring device, and in gait velocity, cadence, stride length and double limb support as
measured by the FGA and gait analyzer. [Conclusion] Horseback riding simulation training
improved the trunk balance and gait of chronic stroke patients. This present study
provides preliminary objective data for future research, and useful clinical information
for physical therapists using horseback riding simulation machines as a treatment modality
for patients with chronic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungguen Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Graduate School of Hallym University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gang Her
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hallym College, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Republic of Korea
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Guigon E, Baraduc P, Desmurget M. Computational motor control: redundancy and invariance. J Neurophysiol 2006; 97:331-47. [PMID: 17005621 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00290.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system controls the behavior of complex kinematically redundant biomechanical systems. How it computes appropriate commands to generate movements is unknown. Here we propose a model based on the assumption that the nervous system: 1) processes static (e.g., gravitational) and dynamic (e.g., inertial) forces separately; 2) calculates appropriate dynamic controls to master the dynamic forces and progress toward the goal according to principles of optimal feedback control; 3) uses the size of the dynamic commands (effort) as an optimality criterion; and 4) can specify movement duration from a given level of effort. The model was used to control kinematic chains with 2, 4, and 7 degrees of freedom [planar shoulder/elbow, three-dimensional (3D) shoulder/elbow, 3D shoulder/elbow/wrist] actuated by pairs of antagonist muscles. The muscles were modeled as second-order nonlinear filters and received the dynamics commands as inputs. Simulations showed that the model can quantitatively reproduce characteristic features of pointing and grasping movements in 3D space, i.e., trajectory, velocity profile, and final posture. Furthermore, it accounted for amplitude/duration scaling and kinematic invariance for distance and load. These results suggest that motor control could be explained in terms of a limited set of computational principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Guigon
- INSERM U742, Action Neuroimagerie Modelisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Boîte 23, 9 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
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Nakayama T, Yamamoto I, Fujiwara T. Trunk and Leg Muscle Activities during Forced Expiratory Maneuvers in Different Standing Postures. J Phys Ther Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1589/jpts.18.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakayama
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Nippon Engineering College
| | | | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Functional Polymer Sciences, Faculty of Textile Sciences and Technology, Shinshu University
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Codd JR, Boggs DF, Perry SF, Carrier DR. Activity of three muscles associated with the uncinate processes of the giant Canada goose Branta canadensis maximus. J Exp Biol 2005; 208:849-57. [PMID: 15755883 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The activity of three muscles associated with the uncinate processes, (i)external intercostal, (ii) appendicocostalis and (iii) external oblique, were examined using patch and sew-through electrodes during sitting, standing and moderate speed treadmill running in the giant Canada goose. The external intercostal muscles demonstrated no respiratory activity, being active only during running, suggesting they play some role in trunk stabilisation. The appendicocostalis and external oblique muscles are respiratory muscles, being active during inspiration and expiration, respectively. The activity of the appendicocostalis muscles increased during sitting, suggesting that the uncinate processes in birds play an important role in facilitating lateral flaring of the rib cage when sternal rocking is prevented. We suggest that the uncinate processes in birds facilitate movements of the ribs and sternum during breathing and therefore are integral to the breathing mechanics of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Codd
- Institute for Zoology, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Bonn University, Bonn 53115, Germany.
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Dickstein R, Shefi S, Marcovitz E, Villa Y. Electromyographic activity of voluntarily activated trunk flexor and extensor muscles in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 115:790-6. [PMID: 15003758 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2003.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the EMG activity of selected trunk muscles during self-initiated voluntary flexion and extension of the trunk in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects, and to compare measurement results to corresponding findings in control subjects. METHODS Using a sample of 50 patients and 30 control subjects, bilateral EMG activity of the rectus abdominis (RA) and external oblique (EO) muscles was studied during direct trunk flexion, and activity of the lumbar erector spinae (ES) and latissimus dorsi (LD) was studied during straight trunk extension. Variables of timing, magnitude, and temporal synchronization between muscle activity on the paretic and non-paretic sides of the body in the patient group were compared with the same measurements taken from the left and right sides of the body in the control group. RESULTS Activity of the RA and LD muscles on the affected side of the body was reduced and delayed relative to the unaffected side in the patients and relative to the control subjects. Some deterioration was also observed in the function of the EO muscle, whereas the lumbar ES displayed normal activity on both sides of the body. Trunk velocity during both flexion and extension was slower in the patients than in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Despite the existence of ipsilateral as well as contralateral higher inputs to axial and to a lesser extent also to more lateral trunk muscles, the function of the superficial abdominal muscles and of the LD muscle is adversely affected by a contralateral stroke. Conversely, the lumbar ES, which can be categorized as local trunk extensors, seem to normally fulfill their anti-gravitational task on both sides of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dickstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, Universityof Haifa, Mount Carmel, and Flieman Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Israel.
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Abstract
SUMMARYThe axial muscles of terrestrial vertebrates serve two potentially conflicting functions, locomotion and lung ventilation. To differentiate the locomotor and ventilatory functions of the hypaxial muscles in mammals, we examined the locomotor and ventilatory activity of the trunk muscles of trotting dogs under two conditions: when the ventilatory cycle and the locomotor cycle were coupled and when they were uncoupled. Patterns of muscle-activity entrainment with locomotor and ventilatory events revealed (i)that the internal and external abdominal oblique muscles performed primarily locomotor functions during running yet their activity was entrained to expiration when the dogs were standing, (ii) that the internal and external intercostal, external oblique thoracic and transversus abdominis muscles performed both locomotor and respiratory functions simultaneously, (iii) that the parasternal internal intercostal muscle performed a primarily respiratory function (inspiration) and (iv) that the deep pectoralis and longissimus dorsi muscles performed only locomotor functions and were not active while the dogs were standing still. We conclude that the dual function of many hypaxial muscles may produce functional conflicts during running. The redundancy and complexity of the respiratory musculature as well as the particular pattern of respiratory—locomotor coupling in quadrupedal mammals may circumvent these conflicts or minimize their impact on respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Deban
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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