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Guo B, Wang C, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Long H, Ruan Z, Lin Z, Fan Z, Li Y, Zhao S. Causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density: a large-scale genetic correlation study. Bone Res 2023; 11:37. [PMID: 37474577 PMCID: PMC10359275 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00270-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal associations of brain structure with bone mineral density (BMD). Based on the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 1 325 brain imaging-derived phenotypes (BIDPs) of brain structure from the UK Biobank and GWAS summary datasets of 5 BMD locations, including the total body, femoral neck, lumbar spine, forearm, and heel from the GEFOS Consortium, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was conducted to determine the genetic correlations, and Mendelian randomization (MR) was then performed to explore the causal relationship between the BIDPs and BMD. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the strength and stability of the present MR outcomes. To increase confidence in our findings, we also performed confirmatory MR between BIDPs and osteoporosis. LDSC revealed that 1.93% of BIDPs, with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, were genetically correlated with BMD. Additionally, we observed that 1.31% of BIDPs exhibited a significant causal relationship with BMD (FDR < 0.01) through MR. Both the LDSC and MR results demonstrated that the BIDPs "Volume of normalized brain," "Volume of gray matter in Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus, pars opercularis," "Volume of Estimated Total Intra Cranial" and "Volume-ratio of brain segmentation/estimated total intracranial" had strong associations with BMD. Interestingly, our results showed that more left BIDPs were causally associated with BMD, especially within and around the left frontal region. In conclusion, a part of the brain structure causally influences BMD, which may provide important perspectives for the prevention of osteoporosis and offer valuable insights for further research on the brain-bone axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Long
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangyuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Shushan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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2
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Nuara A, Bazzini MC, Cardellicchio P, Scalona E, De Marco D, Rizzolatti G, Fabbri-Destro M, Avanzini P. The value of corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition in predicting motor skill improvement driven by action observation. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119825. [PMID: 36543266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of other's actions represents an essential element for the acquisition of motor skills. While action observation is known to induce changes in the excitability of the motor cortices, whether such modulations may explain the amount of motor improvement driven by action observation training (AOT) remains to be addressed. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we first assessed in 41 volunteers the effect of action observation on corticospinal excitability, intracortical inhibition, and transcallosal inhibition. Subsequently, half of the participants (AOT-group) were asked to observe and then execute a right-hand dexterity task, while the controls had to observe a no-action video before practicing the same task. AOT participants showed greater performance improvement relative to controls. More importantly, the amount of improvement in the AOT group was predicted by the amplitude of corticospinal modulation during action observation and, even more, by the amount of intracortical inhibition induced by action observation. These relations were specific for the AOT group, while the same patterns were not found in controls. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the efficacy of AOT in promoting motor learning is rooted in the capacity of action observation to modulate the trainee's motor system excitability, especially its intracortical inhibition. Our study not only enriches the picture of the neurophysiological effects induced by action observation onto the observer's motor excitability, but linking them to the efficacy of AOT, it also paves the way for the development of models predicting the outcome of training procedures based on the observation of other's actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Nuara
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, via Volturno 39/E, Parma 43125, Italy.
| | | | - Pasquale Cardellicchio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emilia Scalona
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, via Volturno 39/E, Parma 43125, Italy; Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche, Scienze Radiologiche e Sanità Pubblica (DSMC), Università degli studi di Brescia, Italia
| | - Doriana De Marco
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, via Volturno 39/E, Parma 43125, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Avanzini
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, via Volturno 39/E, Parma 43125, Italy; Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
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3
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Papadatou-Pastou M, Sampanis P, Koumzis I, Stefanopoulou S, Sousani D, Tsigkou A, Badcock NA. Cerebral laterality of writing in right- and left- handers: A functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3921-3937. [PMID: 35636946 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral lateralization of written language has received very limited research attention in comparison to the wealth of studies on the cerebral lateralization of oral language. The purpose of the present study was to further our understanding of written language lateralization, by elucidating the relative contribution of language and motor functions. We compared written word generation with a task that has equivalent visuomotor demands but does not include language: the repeated drawing of symbols. We assessed cerebral laterality using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD), a non-invasive, perfusion-sensitive neuroimaging technique in 23 left- and 31 right-handed participants. Findings suggest that the linguistic aspect of written word generation recruited more left-hemispheric areas during writing, in right-handers compared to left-handers. This difference could be explained by greater variability in cerebral laterality patterns within left-handers or the possibility that the areas subserving language in left-handers are broader than in right-handers. Another explanation is that the attentional demands of the more novel symbol copying task (compared to writing) contributed more right-hemispheric activation in right-handers, but this could not be captured in left-handers due to ceiling effects. Future work could investigate such attentional demands using both simple and complex stimuli in the copying condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Papadatou-Pastou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sampanis
- Psychology Department, School of Social Sciences, Birmingham City University, The Curzon Building, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Koumzis
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Stefanopoulou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Sousani
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsigkou
- School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas A Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia,, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, 16 University Avenue, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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4
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Van Dyck D, Deconinck N, Aeby A, Baijot S, Coquelet N, Trotta N, Rovai A, Goldman S, Urbain C, Wens V, De Tiège X. Resting-state functional brain connectivity is related to subsequent procedural learning skills in school-aged children. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118368. [PMID: 34242786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study investigates how procedural sequence learning performance is related to prior brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), and to what extent sequence learning induces rapid changes in brain rsFC in school-aged children. Procedural learning was assessed in 30 typically developing children (mean age ± SD: 9.99 years ± 1.35) using a serial reaction time task (SRTT). During SRTT, participants touched as quickly and accurately as possible a stimulus sequentially or randomly appearing in one of the quadrants of a touchscreen. Band-limited power envelope correlation (brain rsFC) was applied to MEG data acquired at rest pre- and post-learning. Correlation analyses were performed between brain rsFC and sequence-specific learning or response time indices. Stronger pre-learning interhemispheric rsFC between inferior parietal and primary somatosensory/motor areas correlated with better subsequent sequence learning performance and faster visuomotor response time. Faster response time was associated with post-learning decreased rsFC within the dorsal extra-striate visual stream and increased rsFC between temporo-cerebellar regions. In school-aged children, variations in functional brain architecture at rest within the sensorimotor network account for interindividual differences in sequence learning and visuomotor performance. After learning, rapid adjustments in functional brain architecture are associated with visuomotor performance but not sequence learning skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Van Dyck
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alec Aeby
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Baijot
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Coquelet
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicola Trotta
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonin Rovai
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Goldman
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charline Urbain
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Wens
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Cartographie fonctionnelle du Cerveau (LCFC), ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Functional Neuroimaging, Service of Nuclear Medicine, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Tian D, Izumi SI, Suzuki E. Modulation of Interhemispheric Inhibition between Primary Motor Cortices Induced by Manual Motor Imitation: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020266. [PMID: 33669827 PMCID: PMC7923080 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Imitation has been proven effective in motor development and neurorehabilitation. However, the relationship between imitation and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) remains unclear. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to investigate IHI. In this study, the modification effects of IHI resulting from mirror neuron system (MNS) activation during different imitations are addressed. We measured IHI between homologous primary motor cortex (M1) by analyzing the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) evoked by single-pulse focal TMS during imitation and analyzed the respective IHI modulation during and after different patterns of imitation. Our main results showed that throughout anatomical imitation, significant time-course changes of iSP duration through the experiment were observed in both directions. iSP duration declined from the pre-imitation time point to the post-imitation time point and did not return to baseline after 30 min rest. We also observed significant iSP reduction from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere during anatomical and specular imitation, compared with non-imitative movement. Our findings indicate that using anatomical imitation in action observation and execution therapy promotes functional recovery in neurorehabilitation by regulating IHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Tian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shin-ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eizaburo Suzuki
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (S.-i.I.); (E.S.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yamagata Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 260 Kamiyanagi, Yamagata 990-2212, Japan
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6
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Balconi M, Fronda G, Bartolo A. Affective, Social, and Informative Gestures Reproduction in Human Interaction: Hyperscanning and Brain Connectivity. J Mot Behav 2020; 53:296-315. [PMID: 32525458 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2020.1774490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gestural communication characterizes daily individuals' interactions in order to share information and to modify others' behavior. Social neuroscience has investigated the neural bases which support recognizing of different gestures. The present research, through the use of the hyperscanning approach, that allows the simultaneously recording of the activity of two or more individuals involved in a joint action, aims to investigate the neural bases of gestural communication. Moreover, by using hyperscanning paradigm we explore the inter-brain connectivity between two inter-agents, the one who performed the gesture (encoder) and the one who received it (decoder), with functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the reproduction of affective, social and informative gestures with positive and negative valence. Result showed an increase in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (O2Hb) and inter-brain connectivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) for affective gestures, in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) for social gestures and the frontal eye fields (FEF) for informative gestures, for both encoder and decoder. Furthermore, it emerged that positive gestures activate more the left DLPFC, with an increase in inter-brain connectivity in DLPFC and SFG. The present study revealed the relevant function of the type and valence of gestures in affecting intra- and inter-brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fronda
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bartolo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
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7
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Hramov AE, Grubov V, Badarin A, Maksimenko VA, Pisarchik AN. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Classification of Motor-Related Brain Activity on the Sensor-Level. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20082362. [PMID: 32326270 PMCID: PMC7219246 DOI: 10.3390/s20082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensor-level human brain activity is studied during real and imaginary motor execution using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Blood oxygenation and deoxygenation spatial dynamics exhibit pronounced hemispheric lateralization when performing motor tasks with the left and right hands. This fact allowed us to reveal biomarkers of hemodynamical response of the motor cortex on the motor execution, and use them for designing a sensing method for classification of the type of movement. The recognition accuracy of real movements is close to 100%, while the classification accuracy of imaginary movements is lower but quite high (at the level of 90%). The advantage of the proposed method is its ability to classify real and imaginary movements with sufficiently high efficiency without the need for recalculating parameters. The proposed system can serve as a sensor of motor activity to be used for neurorehabilitation after severe brain injuries, including traumas and strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Hramov
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaja Str., 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (V.G.); (A.B.); (V.A.M.); (A.N.P.)
- Saratov State Medical University, Bolshaya Kazachya Str., 112, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-927-123-3294
| | - Vadim Grubov
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaja Str., 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (V.G.); (A.B.); (V.A.M.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Artem Badarin
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaja Str., 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (V.G.); (A.B.); (V.A.M.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Vladimir A. Maksimenko
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaja Str., 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (V.G.); (A.B.); (V.A.M.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Alexander N. Pisarchik
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Technology Laboratory, Center for Technologies in Robotics and Mechatronics Components, Innopolis University, Universitetskaja Str., 1, 420500 Innopolis, Russia; (V.G.); (A.B.); (V.A.M.); (A.N.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Visual and kinesthetic modes affect motor imagery classification in untrained subjects. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9838. [PMID: 31285468 PMCID: PMC6614413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for motor imagery (MI) is essential for the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and bioprosthetics. Our magnetoencephalographic (MEG) experiments with voluntary participants confirm the existence of two types of motor imagery, kinesthetic imagery (KI) and visual imagery (VI), distinguished by activation and inhibition of different brain areas in motor-related α- and β-frequency regions. Although the brain activity corresponding to MI is usually observed in specially trained subjects or athletes, we show that it is also possible to identify particular features of MI in untrained subjects. Similar to real movement, KI implies muscular sensation when performing an imaginary moving action that leads to event-related desynchronization (ERD) of motor-associated brain rhythms. By contrast, VI refers to visualization of the corresponding action that results in event-related synchronization (ERS) of α- and β-wave activity. A notable difference between KI and VI groups occurs in the frontal brain area. In particular, the analysis of evoked responses shows that in all KI subjects the activity in the frontal cortex is suppressed during MI, while in the VI subjects the frontal cortex is always active. The accuracy in classification of left-arm and right-arm MI using artificial intelligence is similar for KI and VI. Since untrained subjects usually demonstrate the VI imagery mode, the possibility to increase the accuracy for VI is in demand for BCIs. The application of artificial neural networks allows us to classify MI in raising right and left arms with average accuracy of 70% for both KI and VI using appropriate filtration of input signals. The same average accuracy is achieved by optimizing MEG channels and reducing their number to only 13.
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9
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Nurmi T, Henriksson L, Piitulainen H. Optimization of Proprioceptive Stimulation Frequency and Movement Range for fMRI. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:477. [PMID: 30559657 PMCID: PMC6286983 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For vision, audition and tactile sense, the optimal stimulus frequency for fMRI is somewhat known. For proprioception, i.e., the “movement sense”, however, the optimal frequency is unknown. We studied the effect of passive-finger-movement frequency on proprioceptive fMRI responses using a novel pneumatic-movement actuator. Eleven healthy right-handed volunteers participated in the study. The movement actuator passively moved the participant’s right index finger at frequencies of 0.3, 1, 3, 6, 9, or 12 Hz in a blocked design. A functional localizer was used to define regions-of-interest in SI and SII cortices. In addition, effect of movement range on the fMRI responses was tested in a separate session with 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm movement ranges at a fixed 2 Hz frequency. In primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, the responses were stronger at 3 Hz than at 0.3 Hz (p < 0.001) or 1 Hz (p < 0.05), and at ≥6 Hz than 0.3 Hz (p < 0.001 for frequencies ≥ 6 Hz). In secondary somatosensory (SII) cortex, all movements, except at 0.3 Hz, elicited significant responses of similar strength. In addition, 6, 9, and 12-Hz movements elicited a significant offset response in both SI and SII cortices (p < 0.001–0.05). SI cortex required a total stimulation duration of 4 min to elicit significant activations at the group-level whereas for SII cortex 1 min 20 s was sufficient. Increase in the movement range led to stronger responses in SI cortex, but not in SII cortex. Movements above 3 Hz elicited the strongest SI cortex responses, and increase in the movement range enhanced the response strength. We thus recommend that movements at 3–6 Hz with a movement range of 5 mm or higher to be used in future studies of proprioception. Our results are in-line with previous fMRI and PET studies using tactile or median nerve stimulation at different stimulation frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Nurmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Linda Henriksson
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.,Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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10
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Beyond volume: A surface-based approach to bilingualism-induced grey matter changes. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Grechuta K, Bellaster BR, Munne RE, Bernal TU, Hervas BM, Segundo RS, Verschure PFMJ. The effects of silent visuomotor cueing on word retrieval in Broca's aphasies: A pilot study. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2018; 2017:193-199. [PMID: 28813817 DOI: 10.1109/icorr.2017.8009245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
About a quarter of stroke patients worldwide suffer serious language disorders such as aphasias. Most common symptoms of Broca's aphasia are word naming disorders which highly impact verbal communication and the quality of life of aphasic patients. In order to recover disturbances in word retrieval, several cueing methods (i.e. phonemic and semantic) have been established to improve lexical access establishing effective language rehabilitation techniques. Based on recent evidence from action-perception theories, which postulate that neural circuits for speech perception and articulation are tightly coupled, in the present work, we propose and investigate an alternative type of cueing using silent articulation-related visual stimuli. We hypothesize that providing patients with primes in the form of silent videos showing lip motions representative of correct pronunciation of target words, will result in faster word retrieval than when no such cue is provided. To test our prediction, we realize a longitudinal clinical virtual reality-based trial with four post-stroke Broca's patients and compare the interaction times between the two conditions over the eight weeks of the therapy. Our results suggest that silent visuomotor cues indeed facilitate word retrieval and verbal execution, and might be beneficial in lexical relearning in chronic Broca's patients.
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12
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Balconi M, Crivelli D, Cortesi L. Transitive Versus Intransitive Complex Gesture Representation: A Comparison Between Execution, Observation and Imagination by fNIRS. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2018; 42:179-191. [PMID: 28589287 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-017-9365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine cortical correlates of motor execution, motor observation and motor imagery of hand complex gestures, in particular by comparing meaningful gestures implying the use of an object (transitive action) or not (intransitive action). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to verify the presence of partial overlapping between some cortical areas involved in those different tasks. Participants were instructed to observe videos of transitive vs. intransitive gestures and then to execute or imagine them. Gesture execution was associated to greater brain activity (increased oxygenated hemoglobin levels) with respect to observation and imagination in motor areas (premotor cortex, PMC; primary sensorimotor cortex, SM1). In contrast, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) was more relevantly involved in both execution and observation tasks compared to gesture imagination. Moreover, execution and observation of transitive gestures seemed primarily supported by similar parietal posterior areas when compared with intransitive gestures, which do not imply the presence on a object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Crivelli
- Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Cortesi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli, 1, 20123, Milan, Italy
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13
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Bilevicius E, Kolesar TA, Smith SD, Trapnell PD, Kornelsen J. Trait Emotional Empathy and Resting State Functional Connectivity in Default Mode, Salience, and Central Executive Networks. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8070128. [PMID: 29986390 PMCID: PMC6071260 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8070128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional empathy is the ability to experience and/or share another person’s emotional states and responses. Although some research has examined the neural correlates of emotional empathy, there has been little research investigating whether this component of empathy is related to the functional connectivity of resting state networks in the brain. In the current study, 32 participants answered a trait emotional empathy questionnaire in a session previous to their functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Results indicate that emotional empathy scores were correlated with different patterns of functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and left and right central executive networks. For example, within the DMN, emotional empathy scores positively correlated with connectivity in the premotor cortex. Within the SN, empathy scores were positively correlated with the fusiform gyrus and cuneus. These findings demonstrate that emotional empathy is associated with unique patterns of functional connectivity in four of the brain’s resting state networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bilevicius
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Catholic Health Corporation of Manitoba, Compassion Project, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Tiffany A Kolesar
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Catholic Health Corporation of Manitoba, Compassion Project, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Stephen D Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
| | - Paul D Trapnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Kornelsen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Catholic Health Corporation of Manitoba, Compassion Project, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
- Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada.
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14
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Peled-Avron L, Glasner L, Gvirts HZ, Shamay-Tsoory SG. The role of the inferior frontal gyrus in vicarious social touch: A transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 35:115-121. [PMID: 29773509 PMCID: PMC6968961 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms facilitating the experience of vicarious social touch are largely unknown. The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) has been suggested as part of a simulation observation-execution neural network that plays a key role in the perception of tactile stimuli. Considering that vicarious social touch involves vicarious sharing of emotions, we hypothesized that emotional empathy, i.e., the ability to feel what another individual is feeling, modulates the neural responses to vicarious touch. To examine the role of the rIFG in vicarious touch and its modulation by levels of emotional empathy, we used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on forty participants who observed photos depicting social touch, nonsocial touch or no touch during tDCS or sham stimulation. The results show that while participants with high levels of emotional empathy exhibited no change in ratings of vicarious social touch, participants with low levels of emotional empathy rate human touch as more emotional following anodal stimulation of the rIFG than following sham stimulation. These findings indicate that emotional responses to vicarious social touch are associated with rIFG activity and are modulated by levels of emotional empathy. This result has major therapeutic potential for individuals with low empathic abilities, such as those with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Glasner
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Hila Z Gvirts
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Psychology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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15
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Berneiser J, Jahn G, Grothe M, Lotze M. From visual to motor strategies: Training in mental rotation of hands. Neuroimage 2018; 167:247-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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Wu H, Tang H, Ge Y, Yang S, Mai X, Luo YJ, Liu C. Object words modulate the activity of the mirror neuron system during action imitation. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00840. [PMID: 29201543 PMCID: PMC5698860 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has demonstrated that the mirror neuron system (MNS) plays a crucial role in both action imitation and action-related semantic processing, whether action-related words can inversely modulate the MNS activity remains unclear. METHODS Here, three types of task-irrelevant words (body parts, verbs, and manufactured objects) were presented to examine the modulation effect of these words on the MNS activity during action observation and imitation. Twenty-two participants were recruited for the fMRI scanning and remaining data from 19 subjects were reported here. RESULTS Brain activity results showed that word types elicited different modulation effects over nodes of the MNS (i.e., the right inferior frontal gyrus, premotor cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and STS), especially during the imitation stage. Compared with other word conditions, action imitation following manufactured objects words induced stronger activation in these brain regions during the imitation stage. These results were consistent in both task-dependent and -independent ROI analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings thus provide evidence for the unique effect of object words on the MNS during imitation of action, which may also confirm the key role of goal inference in action imitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science Beijing China.,Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Honghong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China.,School of Economics and Business Administration Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China.,Beijing Institution of Biomedicine Beijing China
| | - Suyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology Renmin University of China Beijing China
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience Shenzhen University Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics Beijing Normal University Beijing China
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17
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Greater corticostriatal activation associated with facial motor imagery compared with motor execution. Neuroreport 2017; 28:610-617. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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MacKenzie-Graham A, Kurth F, Itoh Y, Wang HJ, Montag MJ, Elashoff R, Voskuhl RR. Disability-Specific Atlases of Gray Matter Loss in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 2017; 73:944-53. [PMID: 27294295 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by progressive gray matter (GM) atrophy that strongly correlates with clinical disability. However, whether localized GM atrophy correlates with specific disabilities in patients with MS remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To understand the association between localized GM atrophy and clinical disability in a biology-driven analysis of MS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study, magnetic resonance images were acquired from 133 women with relapsing-remitting MS and analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and volumetry. A regression analysis was used to determine whether voxelwise GM atrophy was associated with specific clinical deficits. Data were collected from June 28, 2007, to January 9, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Voxelwise correlation of GM change with clinical outcome measures (Expanded Disability Status Scale and Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite scores). RESULTS Among the 133 female patients (mean [SD] age, 37.4 [7.5] years), worse performance on the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite correlated with voxelwise GM volume loss in the middle cingulate cortex (P < .001) and a cluster in the precentral gyrus bilaterally (P = .004). In addition, worse performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test correlated with volume loss in the auditory and premotor cortices (P < .001), whereas worse performance on the 9-Hole Peg Test correlated with GM volume loss in Brodmann area 44 (Broca area; P = .02). Finally, voxelwise GM loss in the right paracentral lobulus correlated with bowel and bladder disability (P = .03). Thus, deficits in specific clinical test results were directly associated with localized GM loss in clinically eloquent locations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These biology-driven data indicate that specific disabilities in MS are associated with voxelwise GM loss in distinct locations. This approach may be used to develop disability-specific biomarkers for use in future clinical trials of neuroprotective treatments in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan MacKenzie-Graham
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Yuichiro Itoh
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - He-Jing Wang
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael J Montag
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Robert Elashoff
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Rhonda R Voskuhl
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
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19
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Tong Y, Pendy JT, Li WA, Du H, Zhang T, Geng X, Ding Y. Motor Imagery-Based Rehabilitation: Potential Neural Correlates and Clinical Application for Functional Recovery of Motor Deficits after Stroke. Aging Dis 2017; 8:364-371. [PMID: 28580191 PMCID: PMC5440115 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor imagery (MI), defined as the mental implementation of an action in the absence of movement or muscle activation, is a rehabilitation technique that offers a means to replace or restore lost motor function in stroke patients when used in conjunction with conventional physiotherapy procedures. This article briefly reviews the concepts and neural correlates of MI in order to promote improved understanding, as well as to enhance the clinical utility of MI-based rehabilitation regimens. We specifically highlight the role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia, premotor, supplementary motor, and prefrontal areas, primary motor cortex, and parietal cortex. Additionally, we examine the recent literature related to MI and its potential as a therapeutic technique in both upper and lower limb stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Tong
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - John T. Pendy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - William A. Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Huishan Du
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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20
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Zhao Z, Wang X, Fan M, Yin D, Sun L, Jia J, Tang C, Zheng X, Jiang Y, Wu J, Gong J. Altered Effective Connectivity of the Primary Motor Cortex in Stroke: A Resting-State fMRI Study with Granger Causality Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166210. [PMID: 27846290 PMCID: PMC5112988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motor cortex (M1) is often abnormally recruited in stroke patients with motor disabilities. However, little is known about the alterations in the causal connectivity of M1 following stroke. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the effective connectivity of the ipsilesional M1 is disturbed in stroke patients who show different outcomes in hand motor function. 23 patients with left-hemisphere subcortical stroke were selected and divided into two subgroups: partially paralyzed hands (PPH) and completely paralyzed hands (CPH). Further, 24 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. A voxel-wise Granger causality analysis (GCA) on the resting-state fMRI data between the ipsilesional M1 and the whole brain was performed to explore differences between the three groups. Our results showed that the influence from the frontoparietal cortices to ipsilesional M1 was diminished in both stroke subgroups and the influence from ipsilesional M1 to the sensorimotor cortices decreased greater in the CPH group than in the PPH group. Moreover, compared with the PPH group, the decreased influence from ipsilesional M1 to the contralesional cerebellum and from the contralesional superior parietal lobe to ipsilesional M1 were observed in the CPH group, and their GCA values were positively correlated with the FMA scores; Conversely, the increased influence from ipsilesional M1 to the ipsilesional middle frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus were observed, whose GCA values were negatively correlated with the FMA scores. This study suggests that the abnormalities of casual flow in the ipsilesional M1 are related to the severity of stroke-hand dysfunction, providing valuable information to understand the deficits in resting-state effective connectivity of motor execution and the frontoparietal motor control network during brain plasticity following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiangmin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Mingxia Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- * E-mail: (MF); (JJ)
| | - Dazhi Yin
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- * E-mail: (MF); (JJ)
| | - Chaozheng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiayu Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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21
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Pomeroy VM, Clark CA, Miller JSG, Baron JC, Markus HS, Tallis RC. The Potential for Utilizing the “Mirror Neurone System” to Enhance Recovery of the Severely Affected Upper Limb Early after Stroke: A Review and Hypothesis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016; 19:4-13. [PMID: 15673838 DOI: 10.1177/1545968304274351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of upper limb movement control after stroke might be enhanced by repetitive goal-directed functional activities. Providing such activity is challenging in the presence of severe paresis. A possible new approach is based on the discovery of mirror neurons in the monkey cortical area F5, which are active both in observing and executing a movement. Indirect evidence for a comparable human “mirror neurone system” is provided by functional imaging. The primary motor cortex, the premotor cortex, other brain areas, and muscles appropriate for the action being observed are probably activated in healthy volunteers observing another’s movement. These findings raise the hypothesis that observation of another’s movement might train the movement execution system of stroke patients who have severe paresis to bring them to the point at which they could actively participate in rehabilitation consisting of goal-directed activities. The point of providing an observation therapy would be to facilitate the voluntary production of movement; therefore, the condition of interest would be observation with intent to imitate. However, there is as yet insufficient evidence to enable the testing of this hypothesis in stroke patients. Studies in normal subjects are needed to determine which brain sites are activated in response to observation with intent to imitate. Studies in stroke subjects are needed to determine how activation is affected after damage to different brain areas. The information from such studies should aid identification of those stroke patients who might be most likely to benefit from observation to imitate and therefore guide phase I clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M Pomeroy
- Geriatric Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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22
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Xiao Y, Zitella LM, Duchin Y, Teplitzky BA, Kastl D, Adriany G, Yacoub E, Harel N, Johnson MD. Multimodal 7T Imaging of Thalamic Nuclei for Preclinical Deep Brain Stimulation Applications. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:264. [PMID: 27375422 PMCID: PMC4901062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise neurosurgical targeting of electrode arrays within the brain is essential to the successful treatment of a range of brain disorders with deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. Here, we describe a set of computational tools to generate in vivo, subject-specific atlases of individual thalamic nuclei thus improving the ability to visualize thalamic targets for preclinical DBS applications on a subject-specific basis. A sequential nonlinear atlas warping technique and a Bayesian estimation technique for probabilistic crossing fiber tractography were applied to high field (7T) susceptibility-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging, respectively, in seven rhesus macaques. Image contrast, including contrast within thalamus from the susceptibility-weighted images, informed the atlas warping process and guided the seed point placement for fiber tractography. The susceptibility-weighted imaging resulted in relative hyperintensity of the intralaminar nuclei and relative hypointensity in the medial dorsal nucleus, pulvinar, and the medial/ventral border of the ventral posterior nuclei, providing context to demarcate borders of the ventral nuclei of thalamus, which are often targeted for DBS applications. Additionally, ascending fiber tractography of the medial lemniscus, superior cerebellar peduncle, and pallidofugal pathways into thalamus provided structural demarcation of the ventral nuclei of thalamus. The thalamic substructure boundaries were validated through in vivo electrophysiological recordings and post-mortem blockface tissue sectioning. Together, these imaging tools for visualizing and segmenting thalamus have the potential to improve the neurosurgical targeting of DBS implants and enhance the selection of stimulation settings through more accurate computational models of DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiZi Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laura M Zitella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuval Duchin
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin A Teplitzky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Kastl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregor Adriany
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noam Harel
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN, USA
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23
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Kuk EJ, Kim JM, Oh DW, Hwang HJ. Effects of action observation therapy on hand dexterity and EEG-based cortical activation patterns in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. Top Stroke Rehabil 2016; 23:318-25. [DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2016.1157972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Hanakawa T. Organizing motor imageries. Neurosci Res 2016; 104:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Liang LY, Shewokis PA, Getchell N. Brain Activation in the Prefrontal Cortex during Motor and Cognitive Tasks in Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2016.612042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Balconi M, Cortesi L. Brain Activity (fNIRS) in Control State Differs from the Execution and Observation of Object-Related and Object-Unrelated Actions. J Mot Behav 2015; 48:289-96. [PMID: 26675979 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1092936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The authors explored cortical correlates of action execution and observation, directly comparing control condition condition and execution-observation, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Transitive actions (meaningful gestures produced in presence of an object) or intransitive actions (meaningful gestures produced in absence of an object) were performed. Increased oxygenated hemoglobin levels were revealed for both action execution and action observation in premotor cortex, and sensorimotor cortex compared to control condition. However, a higher activity in motor areas was observed for action execution than motor observation. In contrast the posterior parietal cortex was similarly activated in case of both execution and observation task. Finally, it was shown that action execution and observation of transitive more than intransitive gestures was supported by similar parietal posterior areas. These findings support the hypothesis of a partial common network for observation and execution of action, and significant implications related to action types (transitive vs. intransitive).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Balconi
- a Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Psychology , Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Milan , Italy
| | - Livia Cortesi
- a Research Unit in Affective and Social Neuroscience, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart , Milan , Italy
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27
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Naish KR, Houston-Price C, Bremner AJ, Holmes NP. Effects of action observation on corticospinal excitability: Muscle specificity, direction, and timing of the mirror response. Neuropsychologia 2014; 64:331-48. [PMID: 25281883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Naish
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L8.
| | - Carmel Houston-Price
- University of Reading Malaysia, Menara Kotaraya, Level 7, Jalan Trus, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 80000.
| | - Andrew J Bremner
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Holmes
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK.
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Bhattacharyya S, Iyegbe C, Atakan Z, Martin-Santos R, Crippa JA, Xu X, Williams S, Brammer M, Rubia K, Prata D, Collier DA, McGuire PK. Protein kinase B (AKT1) genotype mediates sensitivity to cannabis-induced impairments in psychomotor control. Psychol Med 2014; 44:3315-3328. [PMID: 25065544 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND What determines inter-individual variability to impairments in behavioural control that may underlie road-traffic accidents, and impulsive and violent behaviours occurring under the influence of cannabis, the most widely used illicit drug worldwide? METHOD Employing a double-blind, repeated-measures design, we investigated the genetic and neural basis of variable sensitivity to cannabis-induced behavioural dyscontrol in healthy occasional cannabis users. Acute oral challenge with placebo or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, was combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants performed a response inhibition task that involved inhibiting a pre-potent motor response. They were genotyped for rs1130233 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the protein kinase B (AKT1) gene. RESULTS Errors of inhibition were significantly (p = 0.008) increased following administration of THC in carriers of the A allele, but not in G allele homozygotes of the AKT1 rs1130233 SNP. The A allele carriers also displayed attenuation of left inferior frontal response with THC evident in the sample as a whole, while there was a modest enhancement of inferior frontal activation in the G homozygotes. There was a direct relationship (r = -0.327, p = 0.045) between the behavioural effect of THC and its physiological effect in the inferior frontal gyrus, where AKT1 genotype modulated the effect of THC. CONCLUSIONS These results require independent replication and show that differing vulnerability to acute psychomotor impairments induced by cannabis depends on variation in a gene that influences dopamine function, and is mediated through modulation of the effect of cannabis on the inferior frontal cortex, that is rich in dopaminergic innervation and critical for psychomotor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - C Iyegbe
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - Z Atakan
- Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - R Martin-Santos
- Pharmacology Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar and Psychiatric Department,ICN,Hospital Clinico, Barcelona,Spain
| | - J A Crippa
- Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto,University of São Paulo,Brazil
| | - X Xu
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - S Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - M Brammer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - K Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - D Prata
- Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - D A Collier
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
| | - P K McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London,UK
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Doing the opposite to what another person is doing. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2014; 151:117-33. [PMID: 24973827 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The three studies presented here aim to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the coordinate system of a person's body and of the environment in spatial organization underlying the recognition and production of gestures. The paper introduces a new approach by investigating what people consider to be opposite gestures in addition to identical gestures. It also suggests a new point of view setting the issue in the framework of egocentric versus allocentric spatial encoding as compared to the anatomical versus non-anatomical matching which is usually adopted in the literature. The results showed that the role of the allocentric system as a key player was much more evident when participants were asked to "do the opposite" as compared to when they imitated which indicates that the two tasks really are different from each other. Response times were also quicker when people "did the opposite" indicating that this is an immediate response and not the result of "reversing an imitation". These findings suggest that the issue of how the oppositional structure of space impacts on human perception and the performance of gestures has probably been underestimated in an area of research which traditionally focuses exclusively on imitation.
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Kortte KB, McWhorter JW, Pawlak MA, Slentz J, Sur S, Hillis AE. Anosognosia for hemiplegia: The contributory role of right inferior frontal gyrus. Neuropsychology 2014; 29:421-32. [PMID: 25133319 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Awareness of motor functioning is most likely a complex process that requires integration of sensory-motor feedback to constantly update the system on the functioning of the limb during motor behavior. Using lesion mapping procedures and behavioral measures, the current study aimed to evaluate neural correlates of anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) in the acute stage (first 48 hr) of right hemisphere stroke. METHOD Thirty-five individuals with right hemisphere stroke who presented to an urban medical center within 24 hr of symptom onset were included in the study. All 35 individuals had hemiplegia, and 8 of these individuals exhibited AHP. RESULTS Fisher's exact test statistical map of lesion-deficit association (range is between-log(p) 4 to 11) found maximal value of 10.9 located in pars orbitalis (Brodmann's Area 47; BA). In this selected location, 6 out of 8 patients with AHP had tissue abnormality, whereas none of the unaffected subjects had tissue abnormality in BA 47. Right BA 44/45 was also found to be lesioned more frequently in individuals with AHP (75%) than without AHP (11%). CONCLUSIONS The current study findings provide preliminary support for unique involvement of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), pars orbitalis (BA 47) in AHP. The current data suggest that frontal operculum may play a key role in awareness of limb functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen B Kortte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Mikolaj A Pawlak
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Jamie Slentz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sandeepa Sur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Abstract
The processing of brain information relies on the organization of neuronal networks and circuits that in the end must provide the substrate for human cognition. However, the presence of highly complex and multirelay neuronal interactions has limited our ability to disentangle the assemblies of brain systems. The present review article focuses on the latest developments to understand the architecture of functional streams of the human brain at the large-scale level. Particularly, this article presents a comprehensive framework and recent findings about how the highly modular sensory cortex, such as the visual, somatosensory, auditory, as well as motor cortex areas, connects to more parallel-organized cortical hubs in the brain's functional connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sepulcre
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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32
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Sepulcre J. Integration of visual and motor functional streams in the human brain. Neurosci Lett 2014; 567:68-73. [PMID: 24699175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing difficulty in brain research has been to disentangle how information flows across circuits composed by multiple local and distant cerebral areas. At the large-scale level, several brain imaging methods have contributed to the understanding of those circuits by capturing the covariance or coupling patterns of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity between distributed brain regions. The hypothesis is that underlying information processes are closely associated to synchronized brain activity, and therefore to the functional connectivity structure of the human brain. In this study, we have used a recently developed method called stepwise functional connectivity analysis. Our results show that motor and visual connectivity merge in a multimodal integration network that links together perception, action and cognition in the human functional connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sepulcre
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Athinioula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Balser N, Lorey B, Pilgramm S, Stark R, Bischoff M, Zentgraf K, Williams AM, Munzert J. Prediction of human actions: expertise and task-related effects on neural activation of the action observation network. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:4016-34. [PMID: 24453190 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The action observation network (AON) is supposed to play a crucial role when athletes anticipate the effect of others' actions in sports such as tennis. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore whether motor expertise leads to a differential activation pattern within the AON during effect anticipation and whether spatial and motor anticipation tasks are associated with a differential activation pattern within the AON depending on participant expertise level. Expert (N=16) and novice (N=16) tennis players observed video clips depicting forehand strokes with the instruction to either indicate the predicted direction of ball flight (spatial anticipation) or to decide on an appropriate response to the observed action (motor anticipation). The experts performed better than novices on both tennis anticipation tasks, with the experts showing stronger neural activation in areas of the AON, namely, the superior parietal lobe, the intraparietal sulcus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the cerebellum. When novices were contrasted with experts, motor anticipation resulted in stronger activation of the ventral premotor cortex, the supplementary motor area, and the superior parietal lobe than spatial anticipation task did. In experts, the comparison of motor and spatial anticipation revealed no increased activation. We suggest that the stronger activation of areas in the AON during the anticipation of action effects in experts reflects their use of the more fine-tuned motor representations they have acquired and improved during years of training. Furthermore, results suggest that the neural processing of different anticipation tasks depends on the expertise level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Balser
- Institute for Sport Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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34
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Burke M, Bramley P, Gonzalez C, McKeefry D. The contribution of the right supra-marginal gyrus to sequence learning in eye movements. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:3048-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Abstract
Deep brain stimulation an effective treatment of many neurologic conditions such as Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies provide the opportunity to visualize the dysfunctional nodes and networks underlying neurologic and psychiatric disease, and to thereby realize new targets for neuromodulation as well as personalize current therapy. This article reviews contemporary advances in neuroimaging in the basic sciences and how they can be applied to redirect and propel functional neurosurgery toward a goal of functional localization of targets with individualized maps and identification of novel targets for other neuropsychiatric diseases.
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36
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Pau S, Jahn G, Sakreida K, Domin M, Lotze M. Encoding and recall of finger sequences in experienced pianists compared with musically naïve controls: A combined behavioral and functional imaging study. Neuroimage 2013; 64:379-87. [PMID: 22982586 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Action Imagery Combined With Action Observation Activates More Corticomotor Regions Than Action Observation Alone. J Neurol Phys Ther 2012; 36:182-8. [DOI: 10.1097/npt.0b013e318272cad1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Functional anatomy of timing differs for production versus prediction of time intervals. Neuropsychologia 2012; 51:309-19. [PMID: 22964490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Timing is required both for estimating the duration of a currently unfolding event, or predicting when a future event is likely to occur. Yet previous studies have shown these processes to be neuroanatomically distinct with duration estimation generally activating a distributed, predominantly right-sided, fronto-striatal network and temporal prediction activating left-lateralised inferior parietal cortex. So far, these processes have been examined independently and using widely differing paradigms. We used fMRI to identify and compare the neural correlates of duration estimation, indexed by temporal reproduction, to those of temporal prediction, indexed by temporal orienting, within the same experimental paradigm. Behavioural data confirmed that accurate representations of the cued interval were evident for both temporal reproduction and temporal orienting tasks. Direct comparison of temporal tasks revealed activation of a right-lateralised fronto-striatal network when timing was measured explicitly by a temporal reproduction task but left inferior parietal cortex, left premotor cortex and cerebellum when timing was measured implicitly by a temporal orienting task. Therefore, although both production and prediction of temporal intervals required the same representation of time for their successful execution, their distinct neural signatures likely reflect the different ways in which this temporal representation was ultimately used: either to produce an overt estimate of an internally generated time interval (temporal reproduction) or to enable efficient responding by predicting the offset of an externally specified time interval (temporal orienting). This cortical lateralization may reflect right-hemispheric specificity for overtly timing a currently elapsing duration and left-hemispheric specificity for predicting future stimulus onset in order to optimize information processing.
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Christopoulos VN, Leuthold AC, Georgopoulos AP. Spatiotemporal neural interactions underlying continuous drawing movements as revealed by magnetoencephalography. Exp Brain Res 2012; 222:159-71. [PMID: 22923206 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Continuous and sequential movements are controlled by widely distributed brain regions. A series of studies have contributed to understanding the functional role of these regions in a variety of visuomotor tasks. However, little is known about the neural interactions underpinning continuous movements. In the current study, we examine the spatiotemporal neural interactions underlying continuous drawing movements and the association of them with behavioral components. We conducted an experiment in which subjects copied a pentagon continuously for ~45 s using an XY joystick, while neuromagnetic fluxes were recorded from their head using a 248-sensor whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) device. Each sensor time series was rendered stationary and non-autocorrelated by applying an autoregressive integrated moving average model and taking the residuals. We used the directional variability of the movement as a behavioral measure of the controls generated. The main objective of this study was to assess the relation between neural interactions and the variability of movement direction. That is, we divided the continuous recordings into consecutive periods (i.e., time-bins) of 51 steps duration and computed the pairwise cross-correlations between the prewhitened time series in each time-bin. The circular standard deviation of the movement direction within each time-bin provides an estimate of the directional variability of the 51-ms trajectory segment. We looked at the association between neural interactions and variability of movement direction, separately for each pair of sensors, by running a cross-correlation analysis between the strength of the MEG pairwise cross-correlations and the circular standard deviations. We identified two types of neuronal networks: in one, the neural interactions are correlated with the directional variability of the movement at negative time-lags (feedforward), and in the other, the neural interactions are correlated with the directional variability of the movement at positive time-lags (feedback). Sensors associated mostly with feedforward processes are distributed in the left hemisphere and the right occipital-temporal junction, whereas sensors related to feedback processes are distributed in the right hemisphere and the left cerebellar hemisphere. These results are in line with findings from a series of previous studies showing that specific brain regions are involved in feedforward and feedback control processes to plan, perform, and correct movements. Additionally, we looked at whether changes in movement direction modulate the neural interactions. Interestingly, we found a preponderance of sensors associated with changes in movement direction over the right hemisphere-ipsilateral to the moving hand. These sensors exhibit stronger coupling with the rest of the sensors for trajectory segments with high rather than low directional movement variability. We interpret these results as evidence that ipsilateral cortical regions are recruited for continuous movements when the curvature of the trajectory increases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that shows how neural interactions are associated with a behavioral control parameter in continuous and sequential movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios N Christopoulos
- Brain Sciences Center (11B), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VAHCS, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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40
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Glover S, Wall MB, Smith AT. Distinct cortical networks support the planning and online control of reaching-to-grasp in humans. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 35:909-15. [PMID: 22429244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A number of brain imaging studies have identified regions involved in the planning and control of complex actions. Here we attempt to contrast activity related to planning and online control in the human brain during simple reaching and grasping movements. In four conditions, participants did one of the following: passively observed a grasp target; planned a grasping movement without executing; planned and then executed a grasp; or immediately executed a grasp. Neural activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging and activity in the various conditions compared. Two large, independent networks of brain activity were identified: (i) a planning network including the premotor cortex, basal ganglia, anterior cingulate, posterior medial parietal area, superior parietal occipital cortex and middle intraparietal sulcus; and (ii) a control network including sensorimotor cortex, the cerebellum, the supramarginal gyrus and the superior parietal lobule. These findings provide evidence that the planning and control of even simple reaching and grasping actions use different brain regions, including different parts of the frontal and parietal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Glover
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
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41
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Bernier PM, Cieslak M, Grafton ST. Effector selection precedes reach planning in the dorsal parietofrontal cortex. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:57-68. [PMID: 22457458 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00011.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence and computational modeling suggest that target selection for reaching is associated with the parallel encoding of multiple movement plans in the dorsomedial posterior parietal cortex (dmPPC) and the caudal part of the dorsal premotor cortex (PMdc). We tested the hypothesis that a similar mechanism also accounts for arm selection for unimanual reaching, with simultaneous and separate motor goal representations for the left and right arms existing in the right and left parietofrontal cortex, respectively. We recorded simultaneous electroencephalograms and functional MRI and studied a condition in which subjects had to select the appropriate arm for reaching based on the color of an appearing visuospatial target, contrasting it to a condition in which they had full knowledge of the arm to be used before target onset. We showed that irrespective of whether subjects had to select the arm or not, activity in dmPPC and PMdc was only observed contralateral to the reaching arm after target onset. Furthermore, the latency of activation in these regions was significantly delayed when arm selection had to be achieved during movement planning. Together, these results demonstrate that effector selection is not achieved through the simultaneous specification of motor goals tied to the two arms in bilateral parietofrontal cortex, but suggest that a motor goal is formed in these regions only after an arm is selected for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michel Bernier
- Département de Kinanthropologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Sadeh N, Spielberg JM, Heller W, Herrington JD, Engels AS, Warren SL, Crocker LD, Sutton BP, Miller GA. Emotion disrupts neural activity during selective attention in psychopathy. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2011; 8:235-46. [PMID: 22210673 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsr092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimensions of psychopathy are theorized to be associated with distinct cognitive and emotional abnormalities that may represent unique neurobiological risk factors for the disorder. This hypothesis was investigated by examining whether the psychopathic personality dimensions of fearless-dominance and impulsive-antisociality moderated neural activity and behavioral responses associated with selective attention and emotional processing during an emotion-word Stroop task in 49 adults. As predicted, the dimensions evidenced divergent selective-attention deficits and sensitivity to emotional distraction. Fearless-dominance was associated with disrupted attentional control to positive words, and activation in right superior frontal gyrus mediated the relationship between fearless-dominance and errors to positive words. In contrast, impulsive-antisociality evidenced increased behavioral interference to both positive and negative words and correlated positively with recruitment of regions associated with motivational salience (amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula), emotion regulation (temporal cortex, superior frontal gyrus) and attentional control (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex). Individuals high on both dimensions had increased recruitment of regions related to attentional control (temporal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex), response preparation (pre-/post-central gyri) and motivational value (orbitofrontal cortex) in response to negative words. These findings provide evidence that the psychopathy dimensions represent dual sets of risk factors characterized by divergent dysfunction in cognitive and affective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sadeh
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
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Ma L, Narayana S, Robin DA, Fox PT, Xiong J. Changes occur in resting state network of motor system during 4 weeks of motor skill learning. Neuroimage 2011; 58:226-33. [PMID: 21689765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested whether the resting state functional connectivity of the motor system changed during 4 weeks of motor skill learning using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten healthy volunteers learned to produce a sequential finger movement by daily practice of the task over a 4 week period. Changes in the resting state motor network were examined before training (Week 0), two weeks after the onset of training (Week 2), and immediately at the end of the training (Week 4). The resting state motor system was analyzed using group independent component analysis (ICA). Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) second-level analysis was conducted on independent z-maps generated by the group ICA. Three regions, namely right postcentral gyrus, and bilateral supramarginal gyri were found to be sensitive to the training duration. Specifically, the strength of resting state functional connectivity in the right postcentral gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus increased from Week 0 to Week 2, during which the behavioral performance improved significantly, and decreased from Week 2 to Week 4, during which there was no more significant improvement in behavioral performance. The strength of resting state functional connectivity in left supramarginal gyrus increased throughout the training. These results confirm changes in the resting state network during slow-learning stage of motor skill learning, and support the premise that the resting state networks play a role in improving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsuo Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Abdul-Kareem IA, Stancak A, Parkes LM, Sluming V. Increased gray matter volume of left pars opercularis in male orchestral musicians correlate positively with years of musical performance. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33:24-32. [PMID: 21182117 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare manual volumetry of gray matter (GM) / white matter (WM) of Broca's area subparts: pars opercularis (POP) and pars triangularis (PTR) in both hemispheres between musicians and nonmusician, as it has been shown that these regions are crucial for musical abilities. A previous voxel-based morphometric (VBM) study conducted in our laboratory reported increased GM density in Broca's area of left hemisphere in male orchestral musicians. Functional segregation of POP/PTR justified separate volumetric analysis of these parts. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the same cohort for the VBM study. Manual morphometry (stereology) was used to compare volumes between 26/26 right-handed orchestral musicians/nonmusicians. RESULTS As expected, musicians showed significantly increased GM volume in the Broca's area, specifically in the left POP. No significant results were detected in right POP, left/right PTR GM volumes, and WM volumes for all regions. Results were positively correlated with years of musical performance (r = 0.7, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION This result corroborates the VBM study and is in line with the hypothesis of critical involvement of POP in hearing-action integration being an integral component of frontoparietotemporal mirror neuron network. We hypothesize that increased size of musicians' left POP represent use-dependent structural adaptation in response to intensive audiomotor skill acquisition.
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45
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Staudinger MR, Erk S, Walter H. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates striatal reward encoding during reappraisal of reward anticipation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:2578-88. [PMID: 21459835 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent research showed that cognitive emotion regulation (ER) both increases activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and decreases striatal responsivity to monetary rewards. Using a mixed monetary incentive delay/memory task as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested in healthy subjects whether ER effectively attenuates striatal reward encoding during the anticipation of reward (€1.00 vs. €0.05 reward cues) as well as subsequent target reaction times (RTs), which are an indicator of motivation to obtain reward. ER significantly diminished feelings of pleasant anticipation and slowed down €1.00 target RT. At the neural level, ER increased activity in the DLPFC and attenuated reward encoding in the left putamen. Analyses of psychophysiological interaction revealed that DLPFC activity correlated more positively with putamen activity during €0.05 than during €1.00 reward trials. Furthermore, parametric modulations showed that anticipatory left putamen activity correlated with target RT during nonregulation. No such correlation could be observed during ER, suggesting that ER had abolished preparatory target RT encoding. Our results provide evidence that ER can attenuate behavioral and striatal measures of reward-related motivation and motor preparation. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that the DLPFC might contribute to successful regulation of reward via increased promotion of low-reward responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus R Staudinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.
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46
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Gentile G, Petkova VI, Ehrsson HH. Integration of visual and tactile signals from the hand in the human brain: an FMRI study. J Neurophysiol 2010; 105:910-22. [PMID: 21148091 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00840.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the non-human primate brain, a number of multisensory areas have been described where individual neurons respond to visual, tactile and bimodal visuotactile stimulation of the upper limb. It has been shown that such bimodal neurons can integrate sensory inputs in a linear or nonlinear fashion. In humans, activity in a similar set of brain regions has been associated with visuotactile stimulation of the hand. However, little is known about how these areas integrate visual and tactile information. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, we employed tactile, visual, and visuotactile stimulation of the right hand in an ecologically valid setup where participants were looking directly at their upper limb. We identified brain regions that were activated by both visual and tactile stimuli as well as areas exhibiting greater activity in the visuotactile condition than in both unisensory ones. The posterior and inferior parietal, dorsal, and ventral premotor cortices, as well as the cerebellum, all showed evidence of multisensory linear (additive) responses. Nonlinear, superadditive responses were observed in the cortex lining the left anterior intraparietal sulcus, the insula, dorsal premotor cortex, and, subcortically, the putamen. These results identify a set of candidate frontal, parietal and subcortical regions that integrate visual and tactile information for the multisensory perception of one's own hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gentile
- Brain, Body and Self Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Cotti J, Rohenkohl G, Stokes M, Nobre AC, Coull JT. Functionally dissociating temporal and motor components of response preparation in left intraparietal sulcus. Neuroimage 2010; 54:1221-30. [PMID: 20868756 PMCID: PMC3025354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To optimise speed and accuracy of motor behaviour, we can prepare not only the type of movement to be made but also the time at which it will be executed. Previous cued reaction-time paradigms have shown that anticipating the moment in time at which this response will be made (“temporal orienting”) or selectively preparing the motor effector with which an imminent response will be made (motor intention or “motor orienting”) recruits similar regions of left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), raising the possibility that these two preparatory processes are inextricably co-activated. We used a factorial design to independently cue motor and temporal components of response preparation within the same experimental paradigm. By differentially cueing either ocular or manual response systems, rather than spatially lateralised responses within just one of these systems, potential spatial confounds were removed. We demonstrated that temporal and motor orienting were behaviourally dissociable, each capable of improving performance alone. Crucially, fMRI data revealed that temporal orienting activated the left IPS even if the motor effector that would be used to execute the response was unpredictable. Moreover, temporal orienting activated left IPS whether the target required a saccadic or manual response, and whether this response was left- or right-sided, thus confirming the ubiquity of left IPS activation for temporal orienting. Finally, a small region of left IPS was also activated by motor orienting for manual, though not saccadic, responses. Despite their functional independence therefore, temporal orienting and manual motor orienting nevertheless engage partially overlapping regions of left IPS, possibly reflecting their shared ontogenetic roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cotti
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, Université de Provence & CNRS, Marseille, France
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Nagy E, Liotti M, Brown S, Waiter G, Bromiley A, Trevarthen C, Bardos G. The neural mechanisms of reciprocal communication. Brain Res 2010; 1353:159-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Callaert DV, Vercauteren K, Peeters R, Tam F, Graham S, Swinnen SP, Sunaert S, Wenderoth N. Hemispheric asymmetries of motor versus nonmotor processes during (visuo)motor control. Hum Brain Mapp 2010; 32:1311-29. [PMID: 20681013 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Language and certain aspects of motor control are typically served by the left hemisphere, whereas visuospatial and attentional control are lateralized to the right. Here a (visuo)motor tracing task was used to identify hemispheric lateralization beyond the general, contralateral organization of the motor system. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was applied in 40 male right-handers (19-30 yrs) during line tracing with dominant and nondominant hand, with and without visual guidance. Results revealed a network of areas activating more in the right than left hemisphere, irrespective of the effector. Inferior portions of frontal gyrus and parietal lobe overlapped largely with a previously described ventral attention network responding to unexpected or behaviourally relevant stimuli. This demonstrates a hitherto unreported functionality of this circuit that also seems to activate when spatial information is continuously exploited to adapt motor behaviour. Second, activation of left dorsal premotor and postcentral regions during tracing with the nondominant left hand was more pronounced than that in their right hemisphere homologues during tracing with the dominant right hand. These activation asymmetries of motor areas ipsilateral to the moving hand could not be explained by asymmetries in skill performance, the degree of handedness, or interhemispheric interactions. The latter was measured by a double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigm, whereby a conditioning stimulus was applied over one hemisphere and a test stimulus over the other. We propose that the left premotor areas contain action representations strongly related to movement implementation which are also accessed during movements performed with the left body side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée V Callaert
- Motor Control Laboratory, Research Center for Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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