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Arends R, Guo X, Baverel PG, González-García I, Xie J, Morsli N, Yovine A, Roskos LK. Association of circulating protein biomarkers with clinical outcomes of durvalumab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1898104. [PMID: 33796405 PMCID: PMC7993189 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1898104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential for durvalumab, a programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)-blocking monoclonal antibody, to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is being evaluated in multiple clinical trials. We assessed circulating proteins at baseline to identify potential biomarkers and to understand pathways related to clinical outcomes for durvalumab. Prior to treatment, 66 serum proteins were measured using multiplex immunoassays for 158 durvalumab-treated HNSCC patients in the phase II HAWK and CONDOR trials as a discovery dataset and 209 durvalumab-treated HNSCC patients in the phase III EAGLE trial as a validation dataset. Multivariate Cox modeling of HAWK and CONDOR datasets established that higher baseline concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein, S100 calcium-binding protein A12, and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) were associated with shorter overall survival (OS), while higher concentrations of osteocalcin correlated with longer OS after durvalumab treatment (p < .05). All five proteins remained significantly correlated with OS after adjusting for baseline clinical factors, with consistent results across clinical efficacy endpoints based on univariate correlation analyses. The validation dataset from the EAGLE trial confirmed the independent association of IL-6 and osteocalcin with OS, and preserved directional trends for the other biomarkers identified in the discovery dataset. Our results demonstrate the important role of immunosuppressive proteins in the resistance of HNSCC to durvalumab treatment. Osteocalcin showed a positive correlation with clinical outcomes, which remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Arends
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Xiang Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Paul G Baverel
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - James Xie
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lorin K Roskos
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Supsavhad W, Dirksen WP, Martin CK, Rosol TJ. Animal models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Vet J 2015; 210:7-16. [PMID: 26965084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Local bone invasion into the maxilla or mandible and metastasis to regional lymph nodes often result in a poor prognosis, decreased quality of life and shortened survival time for HNSCC patients. Poor response to treatment and clinical outcomes are the major concerns in this aggressive cancer. Multiple animal models have been developed to replicate spontaneous HNSCC and investigate genetic alterations and novel therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of HNSCC as well as the traditional animal models used in HNSCC preclinical research. The value and challenges of each in vivo model are discussed. Similarity between HNSCC in humans and cats and the possibility of using spontaneous feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) as a model for HNSCC in translational research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a key regulator of bone remodeling. Mutations in OPG are involved in a variety of human diseases. We have shown that cochlear spiral ganglion cells secrete OPG at high levels and lack of OPG causes sensorineural hearing loss in addition to the previously described conductive hearing loss. In order to study the regulation of OPG expression, we conducted a database search on regulatory elements in the promoter region of the OPG gene, and identified two potential GATA-3 binding sites. Using luciferase assays and site directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that these two elements are GATA-3 responsive and support GATA-3 transactivation in human HEK and HeLa cells. The expression of wild type GATA-3 activated OPG mRNA and protein expression, while the expression of a dominant negative mutant of GATA-3 or a GATA-3 shRNA construct reduced OPG mRNA and protein levels. GATA-3 deficient cells generated by expressing a GATA-3 shRNA construct were sensitive to apoptosis induced by etoposide and TNF-α. This apoptotic effect could be partly prevented by the co-treatment with exogenous OPG. Our results suggest new approaches to rescue diseases due to GATA-3 deficiency – such as in hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness, and renal (HDR) syndrome – by OPG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyan-Yuan Kao
- Eaton Peabody Laboratories and Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Konstantina M Stankovic
- 1] Eaton Peabody Laboratories and Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary [2] Department of Otology and Laryngology, and Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Simmons JK, Hildreth BE, Supsavhad W, Elshafae SM, Hassan BB, Dirksen WP, Toribio RE, Rosol TJ. Animal Models of Bone Metastasis. Vet Pathol 2015; 52:827-41. [PMID: 26021553 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815586223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis in humans and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Bone metastases are considered incurable and result in pain, pathologic fracture, and decreased quality of life. Animal models of skeletal metastases are essential to improve the understanding of the molecular pathways of cancer metastasis and growth in bone and to develop new therapies to inhibit and prevent bone metastases. The ideal animal model should be clinically relevant, reproducible, and representative of human disease. Currently, an ideal model does not exist; however, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the available models will lead to proper study design and successful cancer research. This review provides an overview of the current in vivo animal models used in the study of skeletal metastases or local tumor invasion into bone and focuses on mammary and prostate cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and miscellaneous tumors that metastasize to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Simmons
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B E Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B B Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Pathophysiological roles of osteoprotegerin (OPG). Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 88:1-17. [PMID: 18707795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted glycoprotein central to bone turnover via its role as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and has traditionally been linked to a number of bone-related diseases. However, there is additional evidence that OPG can promote cell survival by inhibiting TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. As a result, a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have been performed assessing the role of OPG in tumourigenesis. Similar studies have been performed regarding vascular pathologies, resulting from observations of expression and regulation of OPG in the vasculature. This review aims to provide an update on this area and assess the potential protective or detrimental role of OPG in both vascular pathologies and tumourigenesis.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Parathyroids, bone and mineral metabolism. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2007; 14:494-501. [PMID: 17982358 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f315ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The detection of late sequelae in survivors of cancer has become increasingly important as developments in diagnostic and therapeutic methods have led to a more and long-term survival rates in tumoral patients. Osteoporosis is one of such problem that has been increasingly identified in patients with cancer. Significant bone loss and increased risk of fractures have been described in these patients. Medical problems associated with the malignancy or caused by the oncologic treatment are the main factors involved in bone loss. Therefore, patients at risk for bone loss should be undergo preventive or therapeutic interventions at an early enough stage to prevent fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Olmos Martínez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Universidad de Cantabria. Santander. Cantabria. España.
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