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Böker KO, Komrakova M, Fahrendorff L, Spelsberg BR, Hoffmann DB, Schilling AF, Lehmann W, Taudien S, Sehmisch S. Treatment of osteoporosis using a selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine in an orchiectomized rat model. Endocrine 2023; 81:579-591. [PMID: 37378829 PMCID: PMC10403398 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The selective androgen receptor modulator ostarine has been shown to have advantageous effects on skeletal tissue properties, reducing muscle wasting and improving physical function in males. However, data on effects in male osteoporosis remain limited. In this study, the effects of ostarine on osteoporotic bone were evaluated in a rat model of male osteoporosis and compared with those of testosterone treatments. METHODS Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either non-orchiectomized to serve as a healthy control (Non-Orx, Group 1) or orchiectomized (Orx, Groups 2-6) and then grouped (n = 15/group): (1) Non-Orx, (2) Orx, (3) Ostarine Therapy, (4) Testosterone Therapy, (5) Ostarine Prophylaxis and (6) Testosterone Prophylaxis. Prophylaxis treatments started directly after orchiectomy and continued for 18 weeks, whereas Therapy treatments were initiated 12 weeks after Orx. Ostarine and Testosterone were applied orally at daily doses of 0.4 and 50 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The lumbar vertebral bodies and femora were analyzed using biomechanical, micro-CT, ashing, and gene expression analyses. RESULTS Ostarine Prophylaxis showed positive effects in preventing osteoporotic changes in cortical and trabecular bone (femoral trabecular density: 26.01 ± 9.1% vs. 20.75 ± 1.2% in Orx and in L4: 16.3 ± 7.3% vs 11.8 ± 2.9% in Orx); biomechanical parameters were not affected; prostate weight was increased (0.62 ± 0.13 g vs 0.18 ± 0.07 g in Orx). Ostarine Therapy increased solely the cortical density of the femur (1.25 ± 0.03 g/cm3 vs. 1.18 ± 0.04 g/cm3 in Orx); other bone parameters remained unaffected. Testosteron Prophylaxis positively influenced cortical density in femur (1.24 ± 0.05 g/cm3 vs. 1.18 ± 0.04 g/cm3 in Orx); Test. Therapy did not change any bony parameters. CONCLUSION Ostarine Prophylaxis could be further investigated as a preventative treatment for male osteoporosis, but an androgenic effect on the prostate should be taken into consideration, and combination therapies with other anti-osteoporosis agents could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - L Fahrendorff
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - B R Spelsberg
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Taudien
- Division of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, University of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Development of a Metaphyseal Non-Union Model in the Osteoporotic Rat Femur. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030338. [PMID: 36978729 PMCID: PMC10045902 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this current study was to establish a metaphyseal femoral non-union model in osteoporotic rats by comparing a power tool versus a manual tool for fracture creation. Twelve adult female Sprague Dawley rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and received a special diet for 6 weeks. Biweekly pQCT measurements confirmed a significant reduction in the cancellous and total bone mineral density in OVX rats compared to control (CTRL) animals. After 6 weeks, OVX rats underwent surgery creating a distal metaphyseal osteotomy, either using a piezoelectric- (n = 6) or a manual Gigli wire (n = 6) saw. Fractures were stabilized with a Y-shaped mini-locking plate. Within each group, three rats received Alginate directly into the fracture gap. OVX animals gained more weight over 8 weeks compared to CTRL animals. pQCT analysis showed a significant difference in the volumetric cancellous bone mineral density between OVX and CTRL rats. A histological examination of the osteoporotic phenotype was completed. Radiographic evaluation and Masson–Goldner trichrome staining with the piezoelectric saw failed to demonstrate bony bridging or a callus formation. New bone formation and complete healing were seen after 6 weeks in the Gigli group. For the creation of a metaphyseal atrophic non-union in the osteoporotic bone, a piezoelectric saw should be used.
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Komrakova M, Büchler G, Böker KO, Lehmann W, Schilling AF, Roch PJ, Taudien S, Hoffmann DB, Sehmisch S. A combined treatment with selective androgen and estrogen receptor modulators prevents bone loss in orchiectomized rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2299-2311. [PMID: 35867330 PMCID: PMC9646546 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Enobosarm (EN), a selective androgen receptor modulator and raloxifene (RAL), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, have been shown to improve bone tissue in osteoporotic males. The present study evaluated the effects of a combination therapy of EN and RAL on bone properties in orchiectomized rats compared to the respective single treatments. METHODS Eight-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either left intact (Non-Orx) or orchiectomized (Orx). The Orx rats were divided into four groups (n = 15 each): 1) Orx, 2) EN treatment (Orx + EN), 3) RAL treatment (Orx + RAL), 4) combined treatment (Orx + EN + RAL). EN and RAL (0.4 mg and 7 mg/kg body weight/day) were applied immediately after Orx with a soy-free pelleted diet for up to 18 weeks. The lumbar spine and femora were examined by micro-CT, biomechanical, histomorphological, ashing, and gene expression analyses. RESULTS EN exhibited an anabolic effect on bone, improving some of its parameters in Orx rats, but did not affect biomechanical properties. RAL exhibited antiresorptive activity, maintaining the biomechanical and trabecular parameters of Orx rats at the levels of Non-Orx rats. EN + RAL exerted a stronger effect than the single treatments, improving most of the bone parameters. Liver weight increased after all treatments; the kidney, prostate, and levator ani muscle weights increased after EN and EN + RAL treatments. BW was reduced due to a decreased food intake in the Orx + RAL group and due a reduced visceral fat weight in the Orx + EN + RAL group. CONCLUSION The EN + RAL treatment appeared to be promising in preventing male osteoporosis, but given the observed side effects on liver, kidney, and prostate weights, it requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - G Büchler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - P J Roch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Taudien
- Division of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 34A, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, University of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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The effect of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101117. [PMID: 34458509 PMCID: PMC8379440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone structure. Its treatment is directed at the processes of bone formation or resorption, that are of utmost importance in fracture healing. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature aiming to summarize and clarify the effects of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing. Material and methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase (OVID version). In vivo animal and human studies on long bone fractures were included. A total of 93 articles were included for this review; 23 studies on the effect of osteoporosis (18 animal and 5 clinical studies) and 70 studies on the effect of osteoporosis treatment (41 animal, 26 clinical studies and 3 meta-analyses) on fracture healing. Results In animal fracture models osteoporosis was associated with decreased callus formation and bone growth, bone mineral density, biomechanical strength and delayed cellular and differentiation processes during fracture healing. Two large databases identified osteoporosis as a risk factor for non-union whereas three other studies did not. One of those three studies however found a prolonged healing time in patients with osteoporosis. Anti-osteoporosis medication showed inconsistent effects on fracture healing in both non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic animal models. Only the parathyroid hormone and anti-resorption medication were related to improved fracture healing and delayed remodelling respectively. Clinical studies performed in predominantly hip and distal radius fracture patients showed no effect of bisphosphonates on fracture healing. Parathyroid hormone reduced time to union in several clinical trials performed in mainly hip fracture patients, but this did not result in decreased delayed or non-union rates. Conclusion Evidence that substantiates the negative influence of osteoporosis on fracture healing is predominantly from animal studies and to a lesser extent from clinical studies, since convincing clinical evidence lacks. Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone may be used during fracture healing, since no clear negative effect has been shown. Parathyroid hormone might even decrease time to fracture union, without decreasing union rate. Osteoporosis negatively influences fracture healing in animal models. There is no convincing evidence for a similar effect in humans. In animals, bisphosphonates delay bone remodelling In animals, parathyroid hormone improves fracture healing In humans, anti-osteoporotic drugs do not interfere with fracture healing.
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Codrea CI, Croitoru AM, Baciu CC, Melinescu A, Ficai D, Fruth V, Ficai A. Advances in Osteoporotic Bone Tissue Engineering. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020253. [PMID: 33445513 PMCID: PMC7827332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in osteoporotic fracture worldwide is urging bone tissue engineering research to find new, improved solutions both for the biomaterials used in designing bone scaffolds and the anti-osteoporotic agents capable of promoting bone regeneration. This review aims to report on the latest advances in biomaterials by discussing the types of biomaterials and their properties, with a special emphasis on polymer-ceramic composites. The use of hydroxyapatite in combination with natural/synthetic polymers can take advantage of each of their components properties and has a great potential in bone tissue engineering, in general. A comparison between the benefits and potential limitations of different scaffold fabrication methods lead to a raised awareness of the challenges research face in dealing with osteoporotic fracture. Advances in 3D printing techniques are providing the ways to manufacture improved, complex, and specialized 3D scaffolds, capable of delivering therapeutic factors directly at the osteoporotic skeletal defect site with predefined rate which is essential in order to optimize the osteointegration/healing rate. Among these factors, strontium has the potential to increase osseointegration, osteogenesis, and healing rate. Strontium ranelate as well as other biological active agents are known to be effective in treating osteoporosis due to both anti-resorptive and anabolic properties but has adverse effects that can be reduced/avoided by local release from biomaterials. In this manner, incorporation of these agents in polymer-ceramic composites bone scaffolds can have significant clinical applications for the recovery of fractured osteoporotic bones limiting or removing the risks associated with systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Iulian Codrea
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (A.-M.C.); (A.F.)
- Department of Oxide Compounds and Materials Science, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexa-Maria Croitoru
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (A.-M.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Cosmin Constantin Baciu
- Anaesthesia Intensive Care Unit (AICU/ATI), Department of Orthopedics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alina Melinescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (A.-M.C.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Victor Fruth
- Department of Oxide Compounds and Materials Science, Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu” of the Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.I.C.); (A.-M.C.); (A.F.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
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Saul D, Hohl FE, Franz MK, Meyer I, Taudien S, Roch PJ, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Inhibition of Lipoxygenases Showed No Benefit for the Musculoskeletal System in Estrogen Deficient Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:706504. [PMID: 34354672 PMCID: PMC8329538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous studies, we reported the beneficial impact of two lipoxygenase-inhibitors, Baicalein and Zileuton, on osteoporotic bone in a postmenopausal rat model. Whereas subcutaneous Baicalein predominantly improved cortical bone, Zileuton enhanced vertebral and femoral trabecular bone. In this study, we aimed to reveal whether the oral administration of Baicalein caused similar effects on bone and whether a combined administration of Baicalein and Zileuton could act synergistically to ameliorate the formerly reported effects in the musculoskeletal system. METHODS We treated ovariectomized (OVX) female Sprague-Dawley rats either with Baicalein (10mg/kg BW), Zileuton (10mg/kg BW) or a combination of both (each 10mg/kg BW) for 13 weeks and compared with untreated OVX and NON-OVX groups (n=12-16 rats per group). Lumbar vertebral bodies and femora were analyzed. Tibiae were osteotomized, plate-stabilized (at week 8 after OVX) and likewise analyzed by biomechanical, histological, micro-computed tomographical and ashing tests. The skeletal muscle structure was analyzed. RESULTS Oral administration of Baicalein did not confirm the reported favorable cortical effects in neither vertebra nor femur. Zileuton showed a beneficial effect on trabecular vertebra, while the femur was negatively affected. Callus formation was enhanced by all treatments; however, its density and biomechanical properties were unaltered. Lipoxygenase inhibition did not show a beneficial effect on skeletal muscle. The combination therapy did not ameliorate OVX-induced osteoporosis but induced even more bone loss. CONCLUSIONS The preventive anti-osteoporotic treatments with two lipoxygenase inhibitors applied either alone or in combination showed no benefit for the musculoskeletal system in estrogen deficient rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Dominik Saul,
| | - Friederike Eva Hohl
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Max Konrad Franz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ilka Meyer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Taudien
- Division of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Paul Jonathan Roch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Mardas N, Dereka X, Stavropoulos A, Patel M, Donos N. The role of strontium ranelate and guided bone regeneration in osteoporotic and healthy conditions. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:330-338. [PMID: 33368312 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES SR is a chemical agent developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. In vitro, SR enhanced replication of osteoprogenitor cells and bone formation. In vivo, in ovariectomized rats SR prevented the biomechanical deterioration of bone while in non-ovariectomized rats, enhanced bone architecture and increased trabecular and cortical bone mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SR on bone healing of calvarial critical size defects treated with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a collagen barrier (CM), in healthy and osteoporotic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-four, 4-month-old Wistar female rats were used. Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy and calcium-deficient diet in half of them. Sixteen ovariectomized (OSR) and 16 healthy (HSR) rats were treated with SR while no medication was administered in the remaining 16 healthy (H) and 16 ovariectomized (O) rats. At 6 weeks after ovariectomy, a 5mm defect was created in each parietal bone of every animal. One defect was treated with DBBM and CM, while the contralateral was left untreated. Qualitative and quantitative histological analysis was performed at 30 and 60 days of healing. A generalized estimating equations test was performed to evaluate the effect of SR and osteoporosis, on new bone formation (NB). RESULTS After 30 days of healing, NB in the untreated defects was 3.4%±1.7%, 4.3%±6.2%, 3.2±4.5%, 15.9±23.5% in O, OSR, H and HSR groups, respectively; after 60 days, NB was 4.7%±4.3%, 11.3%±7%, 7.1%±13.2, 12.1%±13.5%, respectively. In the GBR-treated defects, after 30 days, NB was 2.6%±1.4%, 2.4%±1.6%, 4.5%±4.1%, 10.3%±14.4% in O, OSR, H and HSR groups, respectively; after 60 days, NB was 2.2%±1.6%, 4.3%±4.2%, 7%±5.1%, 10.8%±17.4%, respectively. Osteoporosis (p=0.008) and the absence of strontium ranelate treatment (p=0.01) had a negative impact on NB. CONCLUSION SR may promote bone formation in calvarial defects in healthy and osteoporotic rats, albeit in a moderate extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Mardas
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xanthippi Dereka
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Division of Regenerative Dental Medicine and Periodontology, CUMD, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Periodontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Nikolaos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's & The London School of Dentistry & Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Komrakova M, Nagel J, Hoffmann DB, Lehmann W, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S. Effect of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Enobosarm on Bone Healing in a Rat Model for Aged Male Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:593-602. [PMID: 32876707 PMCID: PMC7593387 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, or GTx-024) is a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator. This study evaluated the effect of various regimens of enobosarm (EN) on bone healing in an orchiectomized rat model for aged male osteoporosis and compared it to testosterone (T) treatment. Ninety eight-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were either orchiectomized (Orx) or left intact (Non-Orx) and divided into groups (n = 15/group): (1) Non-Orx; (2) Orx; (3) Orx+T-th; (4) Orx+EN-th; (5) Orx+T-pr; and (6) Orx+EN-pr. Prophylaxis (Pr) treatments were applied immediately after Orx for up to 18 weeks. Therapy (Th) treatments were applied 12 weeks after Orx for up to 6 weeks. Bilateral tibia osteotomy with plate osteosynthesis was performed 12 weeks after Orx in all groups. EN and T were mixed with the diet; the daily dosage was 0.35 ± 0.06 and 41 ± 8 mg/kg BW, respectively. Both T treatments improved bone healing by increasing callus volume and area, bone volume and density, and cortical width; they had no effect on prostate or levator ani weight. EN-pr increased the callus area and callus density and decreased cortical density, but increased prostate weight. The effect of T-pr and T-th on bone was stronger than EN-pr. EN-th affected bone healing negatively by reducing callus density and area and delaying osteotomy bridging. Levator ani weight was increased in both EN groups. EN treatment after fracture is not advisable in aged males. EN-pr treatment as a therapy for bone healing in men could be further investigated; endocrinological side effects must be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Janek Nagel
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bernd Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Arndt Friedrich Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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The Effect of Strontium Ranelate on Fracture Healing: An Animal Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1085324. [PMID: 33415138 PMCID: PMC7768587 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1085324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Strontium ranelate (StR) is an antiosteoporotic agent previously utilized for the enhancement of fracture union. We investigated the effects of StR on fracture healing using a rabbit model. Methods Forty adult female rabbits were included in the study and were divided in 2 equal groups, according to StR treatment or untreated controls. All animals were subjected to osteotomy of the ulna, while the contralateral ulna remained intact and served as a control for the biomechanical assessment of fracture healing. Animals in the study group received 600 mg/kg/day of StR orally. All animals received ordinary food. At 2 and 4 weeks, all animals were euthanatized and the osteotomy sites were evaluated for healing through radiological, biomechanical, and histopathological studies. Results The treatment group presented statistically significant higher callus diameter, total callus area, percentage of fibrous tissue (p < 0.001), vessels/mm2, number of total vessels, and lower osteoclast number/mm2 (p < 0.05) than the control group at 2 weeks. Additionally, the treatment group presented significantly higher percentages of new trabecular bone, vessels/mm2, osteoclast number/mm2, and lower values for callus diameter, as well as total callus area (p < 0.05), than the control group at 4 weeks. At 4 weeks, in the treatment group, force applied (p = 0.003), energy at failure (p = 0.004), and load at failure (p = 0.003) were all significantly higher in the forearm specimens with the osteotomized ulnae compared to those without. Radiological bone union was demonstrated for animals receiving StR at 4 weeks compared with controls (p = 0.045). Conclusion StR appears to enhance fracture healing but further studies are warranted in order to better elucidate the mechanisms and benefits of StR treatment.
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Miranda TS, Napimoga MH, De Franco L, Marins LM, Malta FDS, Pontes LA, Morelli FM, Duarte PM. Strontium ranelate improves alveolar bone healing in estrogen‐deficient rats. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1465-1474. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Henrique Napimoga
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic Área de Imunologia Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leonardo De Franco
- Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Letícia Macedo Marins
- Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Malta
- Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Louise Antonialice Pontes
- Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Mendes Morelli
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic Instituto São Leopoldo Mandic Área de Imunologia Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Poliana Mendes Duarte
- Department of Periodontology Dental Research Division Guarulhos University Guarulhos São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Periodontology College of Dentistry University of Florida Gainesville FL
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11
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Komrakova M, Furtwängler J, Hoffmann DB, Lehmann W, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S. The Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Ostarine Improves Bone Healing in Ovariectomized Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:147-157. [PMID: 31531719 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators, including ostarine, have been developed as an alternative to steroidal hormones. Ostarine has shown a beneficial effect on bone in experimental studies, but no data regarding the effect of ostarine on bone healing have yet been reported. We investigated effects of ostarine on bone healing in ovariectomized rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were ovariectomized (Ovx, n = 46) or left intact (Non-Ovx, n = 10). After 8 weeks, an osteotomy of the tibia metaphysis was created in all rats, and the Ovx rats were divided into four groups: untreated Ovx (n = 10) and three Ovx groups (each of 12 rats) treated with ostarine at doses of 0.04, 0.4, or 4 mg/kg BW (OS-0.04, OS-0.4, and OS-4 groups). Five weeks later, bone healing was analyzed. The OS-4 dose enhanced callus formation, increased callus density, accelerated bridging time of the osteotomy, and elevated alkaline phosphatase gene expression in callus and its protein expression in serum. In the Ovx group, most of the callus parameters were diminished. All OS treatments increased the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle, but only partly enhanced uterus weight in OS-0.4 and OS-4. Serum cholesterol level was reduced, and serum phosphorus was elevated in OS-0.04 and OS-4. Ostarine appeared to have a positive effect on early bone healing in ovariectomized rats. Considering its favorable effect on non-osteotomized bone and muscle, this treatment could be further explored as a therapy for osteoporosis. However, possible metabolic side effects should first be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Judith Furtwängler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bernd Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Arndt Friedrich Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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12
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Liu WC, Hu CC, Tseng YY, Sakthivel R, Fan KS, Wang AN, Wang YM, Chung RJ. Study on strontium doped tricalcium silicate synthesized through sol-gel process. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110431. [PMID: 31923972 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We successfully synthesized a strontium-doped tricalcium silicate (SrxCa3-xSiO5, Sr = 0 to 2 mol%) bone cement using the sol-gel process. The material properties including crystallinity, setting time, mechanical strength, and hydration products were characterized. Release of ions and pH values of simulated body fluid soaked with the bone cement were measured. In vitro biocompatibility of different concentrations of the material was evaluated by the viability of L929 cells. The setting times of as-prepared slurries were all <70 min. Doping with 0.5 mol% Sr reduced the final setting time by 20 min. After 14 days curing, 0.25 mol% Sr-doped SrxCa3-xSiO5 possessed the highest compressive strength of 45 MPa among all the Sr-doped groups with no statistical difference to Ca3SiO5. The bioactivity of the materials was confirmed with the formation of an apatite layer on the surface of the materials after immersion in simulated body fluid. In addition, the proliferation of L929 cells exposed to 1 mol% Sr was significantly promoted as compared to no Sr doping. SrxCa3-xSiO5 is a novel and advanced material that has the potential to serve as a bone cement in bone restoration with appropriate mechanical strength and favorable biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ching Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hu
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yun Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University - Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rajalakshmi Sakthivel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Sheng Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Ni Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Komrakova M, Rechholtz C, Pohlmann N, Lehmann W, Schilling AF, Wigger R, Sehmisch S, Hoffmann DB. Effect of alendronate or 8-prenylnaringenin applied as a single therapy or in combination with vibration on muscle structure and bone healing in ovariectomized rats. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100224. [PMID: 31516917 PMCID: PMC6728878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate alendronate (ALN), phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and the whole body vibration exert a favorable effect on osteoporotic bone. However, the impact of these treatments and the combination of pharmacological therapies with biomechanical stimulation on muscle and bone has not yet been explored in detail. The effect of ALN and 8-PN and their combination with the vibration (Vib) on skeletal muscle and bone healing was investigated in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Three-month old rats were Ovx (n = 78), or left intact (Non-Ovx; n = 12). Five weeks after Ovx, all rats were treated according to the group assignment (n = 12/13): 1) Non-Ovx; 2) Ovx; 3) Ovx + Vib; 4) Ovx + ALN; 5) Ovx + ALN + Vib; 6): Ovx + 8-PN; 7) Ovx + 8-PN + Vib. Treatments with ALN (0.58 mg/kg BW, in food), 8-PN (1.77 mg/kg BW, daily s.c. injections) and/or with vertical vibration (0.5 mm, 35 Hz, 1 g, 15 min, 2×/day, 5×/week) were conducted for ten weeks. Nine weeks after Ovx, all rats underwent bilateral tibia osteotomy with plate osteosynthesis and were sacrificed six weeks later. Vibration increased fiber size and capillary density in muscle, enlarged callus area and width, and decreased callus density in tibia, and elevated alkaline phosphatase in serum. ALN and ALN + Vib enhanced capillarization and lactate dehydrogenase activity in muscle. In tibia, ALN slowed bone healing, ALN + Vib increased callus width and density, enhanced callus formation rate and expression of osteogenic genes. 8-PN and 8-PN + Vib decreased fiber size and increased capillary density in muscle; callus density and cortical width were reduced in tibia. Vibration worsened 8-PN effect on bone healing decreasing the callus width and area. Our data suggest that Vib, ALN, 8-PN, or 8-PN + Vib do not appear to aid bone healing. ALN + Vib improved bone healing; however application is questionable since single treatments impaired bone healing. Muscle responds to the anti-osteoporosis treatments and should be included in the evaluation of the drugs. Vibration (Vib) was beneficial for muscle structure, it tended to interfere with early bone healing. Alendronate (ALN) enhanced capillary density and metabolism in muscle, slowed bone healing. 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) had favorable effects on muscle, for bone healing it was disadvantageous. 8PN + Vib further worsened 8-PN effect on bone, ALN + Vib improved bone healing. Muscles respond to anti-osteoporosis treatments, their analysis should be included in the evaluation of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Rechholtz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - N Pohlmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - A F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - R Wigger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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14
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Saul D, Weber M, Zimmermann MH, Kosinsky RL, Hoffmann DB, Menger B, Taudien S, Lehmann W, Komrakova M, Sehmisch S. Effect of the lipoxygenase inhibitor baicalein on bone tissue and bone healing in ovariectomized rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:4. [PMID: 30651746 PMCID: PMC6329162 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is one of the world's major medical burdens in the twenty-first century. Pharmaceutical intervention currently focusses on decelerating bone loss, but phytochemicals such as baicalein, which is a lipoxygenase inhibitor, may rescue bone loss. Studies evaluating the effect of baicalein in vivo are rare. METHODS We administered baicalein to sixty-one three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. They were divided into five groups, four of which were ovariectomized (OVX) and one non-ovariectomized (NON-OVX). Eight weeks after ovariectomy, bilateral tibial osteotomy with plate osteosynthesis was performed and bone formation quantified. Baicalein was administered subcutaneously using three doses (C1: 1 mg/kg BW; C2: 10 mg/kg BW; and C3: 100 mg/kg BW) eight weeks after ovariectomy for four weeks. Finally, femora and tibiae were collected. Biomechanical tests, micro-CT, ashing, histological and gene expression analyses were performed. RESULTS Biomechanical properties were unchanged in tibiae and reduced in femora. In tibiae, C1 treatment enhanced callus density and cortical width and decreased callus area. In the C3 group, callus formation was reduced during the first 3 weeks after osteotomy, correlating to a higher mRNA expression of Osteocalcin, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and Rankl. In femora, baicalein treatments did not alter bone parameters. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein enhanced callus density and cortical width but impaired early callus formation in tibiae. In femora, it diminished the biomechanical properties and calcium-to-phosphate ratio. Thus, it is not advisable to apply baicalein to treat early bone fractures. To determine the exact effects on bone healing, further studies in which baicalein treatments are started at different stages of healing are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marie Weber
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marc Hendrik Zimmermann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bernd Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Björn Menger
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Taudien
- Division of Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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15
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Saul D, Geisberg LK, Gehle T, Hoffmann DB, Tezval M, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Changes in Musculoskeletal System and Metabolism in Osteoporotic Rats Treated With Urocortin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:400. [PMID: 31293517 PMCID: PMC6601316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In aging population, postmenopausal osteoporosis and decline of musculoskeletal function, referred to as "frailty syndrome" lead to loss of bone and muscle, causing falls, and fall-related injuries. To limit the impact of this portentous duo, simultaneous treatment of both is needed. Urocortin (UCN) has been reported to improve osteoporotic bone properties while its effect on muscle has not been addressed yet. Design and Methods: We aimed to investigate the effect of urocortin in vivo on skeletal muscle structure in osteopenic rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: four were ovariectomized (OVX) and one underwent sham operation (SHAM). One ovariectomized group was left untreated (OVX), while one was treated with urocortin s.c. in 3 μg/kg body weight (bw) (OVX+UCN low), one with 30 μg/kg (OVX+UCN high), while one group was treated with estradiol orally (OVX+E: 0.2 mg/kg bw), each for 35 days. Mm. gastrocnemius, longissimus, and soleus were isolated and capillary density as well as diameters of type I and II fibers were measured. In addition, we examined the effect of UCN on tibia using biomechanical, micro-CT and ashing analysis and investigated the blood serum. Results: We demonstrated a positive effect of UCN on M. soleus, in which fiber diameter was positively influenced. The biomechanical and structural parameters of bone were not changed in UCN treated rats. The higher cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride levels in the "UCN high" group raise concern about this treatment. Conclusions: Our results portray urocortin as a substance that can be assessed for future therapeutic treatments of estrogen deficiency. New and Noteworthy: Urocortin has a positive effect on M. soleus (diameter). Urocortin raises serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Bone tissue was not affected by UCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Katharina Geisberg
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Gehle
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bernd Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tezval
- Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Sporttraumatologie und Handchirurgie, Klinikum Vest, Recklinghausen, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marina Komrakova ; orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-4378
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16
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Cao GL, Tian FM, Liu GY, Song HP, Yuan LL, Geng LD, Bei MJ, Zheng ZY, Zhang L. Strontium Ranelate Combined with Insulin Is as Beneficial as Insulin Alone in Treatment of Fracture Healing in Ovariectomized Diabetic Rats. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6525-6536. [PMID: 30221634 PMCID: PMC6154119 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and estrogen deficiency both predispose fracture patients to increased risk of delayed union or nonunion. The present study investigated the effects of strontium ranelate (SR) on fracture healing in ovariectomized (OVX) diabetic rats. Material/Methods A mid-shaft fracture was established in female normal control (CF), diabetic (DF), and OVX diabetic (DOF) rats. Treated DOF rats received either insulin alone (DOFI) or combined with SR (DOFIS). All rats were euthanized at 2 or 3 weeks after fracture. Fracture healing was evaluated using radiological, histological, immunohistochemical, and micro-computed tomography analyses. Results At 3 weeks after fracture, radiological and histological evaluations demonstrated delayed fracture healing in the DF group compared with the CF group, which was exacerbated by OVX, as indicated by the significantly lower X-ray score, BMD, BV/TV, and Md.Ar/Ps.Cl.Ar, and the markedly decreased OCN and Col I expression in the DOF group. All these changes were prevented by insulin alone or combined with SR treatment. In comparison with the DOFI group, DOFIS rats displayed markedly higher OCN expression at 2 weeks after fracture and Col I expression at 2 and 3 weeks after fracture. Conclusions These results demonstrated delayed fracture healing with preexisting estrogen deficiency and T2DM. While insulin alone and combined with SR were both effective in promoting bone fracture healing in this model, their combined treatment showed significant improvement in promoting osteogenic marker expression, but not of the radiological appearance, compared with insulin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Long Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Fa-Ming Tian
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland).,International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, Department of International Cooperation, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Guang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Hui-Ping Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Lei-Liang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Lin-Dan Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ming-Jian Bei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Mine Medical Security Center, Meitan General Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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17
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Komrakova M, Fiebig J, Hoffmann DB, Krischek C, Lehmann W, Stuermer KM, Sehmisch S. The Advantages of Bilateral Osteotomy Over Unilateral Osteotomy for Osteoporotic Bone Healing. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:80-94. [PMID: 29352329 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most models of osteoporotic bone fractures are performed unilaterally (UL). We investigated healing of tibia osteotomy performed either UL or bilaterally (BL) in ovariectomized rats. Behavior of animals and muscle structure were assessed. Three-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized (n = 32). After 10 weeks, half the rats underwent UL osteotomy of tibia metaphysis (right limb) with plate osteosynthesis. The other rats were osteotomized BL. Half of the rats in each group received either standard pain treatment with carprofen (5 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1x/day for 2 days) or carprofen and buprenorphine (5 mg/kg BW, 1x/day and 0.03 mg/kg BW, 2x/day for 5 days) after osteotomy. The UL rats started to load the injured limb from day 27 ± 9; BL rats did this from day 4 ± 4 onward. The UL rats more frequently loaded only one hind limb; BL rats more often loaded both hind limbs. Osteotomy was not bridged in 20% of UL rats and in 4% of BL rats. Callus volume and bone volume fraction were lower in UL group. Weight and fiber size of UL-intact limb muscles were enhanced, compared to the osteotomized limb and those in BL group. Most of the other parameters which assess physiology, activity, body posture, head, or coat were not different. The effect of two pain therapies was not significant on any variable studied. Welfare of the animals was acceptable in all rats. In UL rats, bone healing was delayed. The more advanced healing in BL rats suggested a positive effect of earlier loading. In studies on bone healing, it is advisable to perform BL osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - J Fiebig
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Krischek
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hanover, Germany
| | - W Lehmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K M Stuermer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center, Robert-Koch 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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18
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Geng T, Chen X, Zheng M, Yu H, Zhang S, Sun S, Guo H, Jin Q. Effects of strontium ranelate on wear particle‑induced aseptic loosening in female ovariectomized mice. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1849-1857. [PMID: 29901109 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aseptic loosening and menopause‑induced osteoporosis are caused by an imbalance between bone formation and osteolysis. With an aging population, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of such conditions in an elderly individual is increasing. Strontium ranelate (SR) is an anti‑osteoporosis drug that promotes bone formation and inhibits osteolysis. The present study compared the effects of SR with those of the traditional anti‑osteoporosis drug alendronate (ALN) using an ovariectomized mouse model of osteolysis. The degree of firmness of the prosthesis and the surrounding tissue was examined, a micro‑CT scan of the prosthesis and the surrounding tissue was performed, and the levels of inflammatory and osteogenic and osteoclast factors were examined. It was observed that treatment with SR and ALN improved the bond between the prosthesis and the surrounding bone tissue by reducing the degree of osteolysis, thus improving the quality of bone around the prosthesis. SR increased the secretion of osteocalcin, runt‑related transcription factor 2 and osteoprotegerin (OPG). It additionally decreased the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor‑κB ligand (RANKL) and consequently increased the protein ratio OPG/RANKL, whereas ALN exhibited the opposite effect. Furthermore, SR and ALN suppressed tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑1β production, with SR exerting a more marked effect. The present results demonstrate that SR and ALN may stimulate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption in the ovariectomized mouse model of wear particle‑mediated osteolysis, with SR demonstrating better effects compared with ALN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Geng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Mengxue Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Shouxuan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Haohui Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Qunhua Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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Saul D, Harlas B, Ahrabi A, Kosinsky RL, Hoffmann DB, Wassmann M, Wigger R, Böker KO, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Effect of Strontium Ranelate on the Muscle and Vertebrae of Ovariectomized Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:705-719. [PMID: 29242963 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is often accompanied by sarcopenia. The effect of strontium ranelate (SR) on muscle tissue has not been investigated sufficiently. In this study, the effect of different SR treatments on muscle was studied. Additionally, the lumbar vertebrae were analyzed. Three-month-old female rats were divided into five groups (n = 12): Group 1: untreated (NON-OVX); Group 2: ovariectomized and left untreated (OVX); Group 3: SR after OVX until the study ended (13 weeks, SR prophylaxis and therapy = pr+th); Group 4: OVX and SR for 8 weeks (SR prophylaxis = pr); Group 5: SR for 5 weeks from the 8 week after OVX (SR therapy = SR th). SR was applied in food (630 mg/kg body weight). The size of muscle fibers, capillary density, metabolic enzymes, and mRNA expression were assessed in soleus, gastrocnemius, and longissimus muscles. The vertebral bodies underwent micro-CT, biomechanical, and ashing analyses. In general, SR did not alter the muscle histological parameters. The changes in fiber size and capillary ratio were related to the body weight. Myostatin mRNA was decreased in Sr pr+th; protein expression was not changed. SR th led to increase in mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf-B). In lumbar spine, SR pr+th enhanced biomechanical properties, bone mineral density, trabecular area, density, and thickness and cortical density. The reduced calcium/phosphate ratio in the SR pr+th group indicates the replacement of calcium by strontium ions. SR has no adverse effects on muscle tissue and it shows a favorable time-dependent effect on vertebrae. A functional analysis of muscles could verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saul
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - B Harlas
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - A Ahrabi
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - R L Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - M Wassmann
- Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Goettingen, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - R Wigger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Goettingen, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göettingen, Germany.
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20
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Wong RMY, Choy MHV, Li MCM, Leung KS, K-H Chow S, Cheung WH, Cheng JCY. A systematic review of current osteoporotic metaphyseal fracture animal models. Bone Joint Res 2018; 7:6-11. [PMID: 29305425 PMCID: PMC5805822 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.bjr-2016-0334.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The treatment of osteoporotic fractures is a major challenge, and the enhancement of healing is critical as a major goal in modern fracture management. Most osteoporotic fractures occur at the metaphyseal bone region but few models exist and the healing is still poorly understood. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyse the appropriateness of current osteoporotic metaphyseal fracture animal models. Materials and Methods A literature search was performed on the Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and relevant articles were selected. A total of 19 studies were included. Information on the animal, induction of osteoporosis, fracture technique, site and fixation, healing results, and utility of the model were extracted. Results Fracture techniques included drill hole defects (3 of 19), bone defects (3 of 19), partial osteotomy (1 of 19), and complete osteotomies (12 of 19). Drill hole models and incomplete osteotomy models are easy to perform and allow the study of therapeutic agents but do not represent the usual clinical setting. Additionally, biomaterials can be filled into drill hole defects for analysis. Complete osteotomy models are most commonly used and are best suited for the investigation of therapeutic drugs or noninvasive interventions. The metaphyseal defect models allow the study of biomaterials, which are associated with complex and comminuted osteoporotic fractures. Conclusion For a clinically relevant model, we propose that an animal model should satisfy the following criteria to study osteoporotic fracture healing: 1) induction of osteoporosis, 2) complete osteotomy or defect at the metaphysis unilaterally, and 3) internal fixation. Cite this article: R. M. Y. Wong, M. H. V. Choy, M. C. M. Li, K-S. Leung, S. K-H. Chow, W-H. Cheung, J. C. Y. Cheng. A systematic review of current osteoporotic metaphyseal fracture animal models. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:6–11. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2016-0334.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Y Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital Authority, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong and Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - M H V Choy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - M C M Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - K-S Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital Authority, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, Hong Kong and Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - S K-H Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - W-H Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - J C Y Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Lavet C, Mabilleau G, Chappard D, Rizzoli R, Ammann P. Strontium ranelate stimulates trabecular bone formation in a rat tibial bone defect healing process. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:3475-3487. [PMID: 28956091 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4156-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Strontium ranelate treatment is known to prevent fractures. Here, we showed that strontium ranelate treatment enhances bone healing and affects bone cellular activities differently in intact and healing bone compartments: Bone formation was increased only in healing compartment, while resorption was reduced in healing and normal bone compartments. INTRODUCTION Systemic administration of strontium ranelate (SrRan) accelerates the healing of bone defects; however, controversy about its action on bone formation remains. We hypothesize that SrRan could affect bone formation differently in normal mature bone or in the bone healing process. METHODS Proximal tibia bone defects were created in 6-month-old female rats, which orally received SrRan (625 mg/kg/day, 5/7 days) or vehicle (control groups) for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Bone samples were analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry in various regions, i.e., metaphyseal 2nd spongiosa, a region close to the defect, within the healing defect and in cortical defect bridging region. Additionally, we evaluated the quality of the new bone formed by quantitative backscattered electron imaging and by red picosirius histology. RESULTS Healing of the bone defect was characterized by a rapid onset of bone formation without cartilage formation. Cortical defect bridging was detected earlier compared with healing of trabecular defect. In the healing zone, SrRan stimulated bone formation early and laterly decreased bone resorption improving the healing of the cortical and trabecular compartment without deleterious effects on bone quality. By contrast, in the metaphyseal compartment, SrRan only decreased bone resorption from week 8 without any change in bone formation, leading to little progressive increase of the metaphyseal trabecular bone volume. CONCLUSIONS SrRan affects bone formation differently in normal mature bone or in the bone healing process. Despite this selective action, this led to similar increased bone volume in both compartments without deleterious effects on the newly bone-formed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lavet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH-1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | - G Mabilleau
- GEROM-LHEA, Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, Angers, France
- SCIAM, Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - D Chappard
- GEROM-LHEA, Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, Angers, France
- SCIAM, Institut de Biologie en Santé, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH-1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - P Ammann
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH-1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Guimarães APFGM, Butezloff MM, Zamarioli A, Issa JPM, Volpon JB. Nandrolone decanoate appears to increase bone callus formation in young adult rats after a complete femoral fracture. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:924-934. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170110000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Saul D, Ninkovic M, Komrakova M, Wolff L, Simka P, Gasimov T, Menger B, Hoffmann DB, Rohde V, Sehmisch S. Effect of zileuton on osteoporotic bone and its healing, expression of bone, and brain genes in rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:118-130. [PMID: 28860177 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01126.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency and aging are associated with osteoporosis, impaired bone healing, and lower cognitive performance. Close functional and physical connections occur between bone and the central nervous system. An anti-inflammatory drug, zileuton (which is an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase), is known to have a positive effect on bone tissue repair and brain ischemia. We studied the effect of zileuton on osteopenic bone and its healing and on the genes considered to be crucial for the cross talks between bone and brain. Three-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized or left untreated. After 8 wk, bilateral metaphyseal tibia osteotomy with plate osteosynthesis was performed in all rats. Ovariectomized rats were fed with food containing zileuton (1, 10, or 100 mg/kg body wt) for 5 wk. In tibiae, bone volume, callus and cortical volume, and gene expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were enhanced by zileuton (10 or 100 mg); biomechanical properties and bone density were not changed. In femur, zileuton enlarged cortical volume distal and trabecular volume proximal, decreasing their density. The expression level of brain Sema3a, known to regulate bone mass positively, was downregulated after ovariectomy. In contrast, bone Sema4d, a negative regulator of bone mass, was upregulated in the tibia callus after ovariectomy, whereas zileuton treatment (10 or 100 mg) resulted in reverse effects. Here, we describe for the first time the expression of Rbbp4 mRNA and its increase in tibia after ovariectomy. Zileuton caused downregulation of Rbbp4 in the hippocampus and had an effect on bone healing, changed the expression of genes involved in cross talk between bones and brain, and may be a potent drug for further examination in estrogen deficiency-related dysfunction(s). NEW & NOTEWORTHY Zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, increased bone volume, callus and cortical volume in osteotomized tibia, and trabecular and cortical volume in femur. Although the expression of Sema3a (positively regulating bone mass) in brain was downregulated and Sema4d (negatively regulating bone mass) was upregulated in tibia callus after ovariectomy, zileuton could counteract these effects. Rbbp4 (involved in age-related memory loss) was increased in tibia callus after ovariectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saul
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - M Ninkovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - L Wolff
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - P Simka
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - T Gasimov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - B Menger
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - V Rohde
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
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Rodrigues TA, Sampaio AJB, Nunes IDP, Cartágenes MSS, Garcia JBS. Effect of strontium ranelate on pain behavior in an experimental model of osteoarthritis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2017; 50:e6314. [PMID: 28793056 PMCID: PMC5572847 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Strontium ranelate (SrRan) is a drug usually prescribed to treat osteoporosis, with proven effects of decreasing the risk of fractures and an indication of reducing the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to investigate the effects of SrRan as either a prophylactic or a treatment drug, using an OA rat model to assess pain behavior. A monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced knee joint OA model in Wistar rats was used. Thirty Wistar rats (both sexes, 60 days old) were distributed in five groups of 6 rats each: the control group, that received no intervention; a prophylactic group, that received oral administration of 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 of SrRan for 28 days before induction of OA; a group treated with 25 mg·kg-1·day-1 of SrRan for 28 days after OA induction; a group treated with 50 mg·kg-1·day-1 during 28 days after OA induction; and a group that received oral saline for 28 days after induction. The assessment of pain behavior was performed considering articular incapacitation (weight-bearing test), mechanical hyperalgesia (Randall Selitto test) and motor activity (rotarod test), on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. This experiment did not yield a significant difference when comparing the group that received SrRan prophylactically with the groups treated with 25 or 50 mg·kg-1·day-1 and the group that received oral saline. Thus, SrRan did not provide analgesia in either treated rats or as a prophylactic drug with the tested doses. Higher doses should be tested further to achieve possible significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - A J B Sampaio
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - I D P Nunes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - M S S Cartágenes
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
| | - J B S Garcia
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil
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Wang F, Wang X, Wang K, Han L, Wang J, Xue C. Phosphorylated peptides from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba
) improve fracture healing in mice with ovariectomy induced osteoporosis. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Lihua Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong Province 266003 China
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Zhou M, Lu S, Lu G, Huang J, Liu L, An S, Li Z, Shen H. Effects of remote ischemic post‑conditioning on fracture healing in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3186-3192. [PMID: 28339014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic post‑conditioning (RIPC) is an established method to activate the hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) pathway, which is involved in the impairment of fracture healing. However, the role of RIPC in fracture healing remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, rats received fractures and were divided into two groups: Control and RIPC, in which hind limb occlusion was performed. Rats were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28 and 42 days subsequent to tibial fracture. Micro‑computed tomography was performed to measure healing of the bone tissue and biomechanical testing was used to test mechanical strength. In addition, the effects of hind limb occlusion on the expression of two primary angiogenic mediators, HIF‑1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as the osteoblast markers runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN), were determined at the mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Systemic administration of hind limb occlusion (3 cycles/day, with each occlusion or release phase lasting 10 min) significantly promoted fracture healing and mechanical strength. The present study demonstrated that in rats treated with hind limb occlusion, the expression of HIF‑1α, VEGF, Runx2, ALP and OCN was significantly increased at the mRNA and protein levels, and that RIPC enhances fracture repair in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Lu
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Shuai An
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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Komrakova M, Hoffmann DB, Nuehnen V, Stueber H, Wassmann M, Wicke M, Tezval M, Stuermer KM, Sehmisch S. The Effect of Vibration Treatments Combined with Teriparatide or Strontium Ranelate on Bone Healing and Muscle in Ovariectomized Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:408-22. [PMID: 27272029 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to study the effect of combined therapy of teriparatide (PTH) or strontium ranelate (SR) with whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone healing and muscle properties in an osteopenic rat model. Seventy-two rats (3 months old) were bilaterally ovariectomized (Ovx), and 12 rats were left intact (Non-Ovx). After 8 weeks, bilateral transverse osteotomy was performed at the tibia metaphysis in all rats. Thereafter, Ovx rats were divided into six groups (n = 12): (1) Ovx-no treatment, (2) Ovx + vibration (Vib), (3) SR, (4) SR + Vib, (5) PTH, and (6) PTH + Vib. PTH (40 μg/kg BW sc. 5×/week) and SR (613 mg/kg BW in food daily) were applied on the day of ovariectomy, vibration treatments 5 days later (vertical, 70 Hz, 0.5 mm, 2×/day for 15 min) for up to 6 weeks. In the WBV + SR group, the callus density, trabecular number, and Alp and Oc gene expression were decreased compared to SR alone. In the WBV + PTH group, the cortical and callus widths, biomechanical properties, Opg gene expression, and Opg/Rankl ratio were increased; the cortical and callus densities were decreased compared to PTH alone. A case of non-bridging was found in both vibrated groups. Vibration alone did not change the bone parameters; PTH possessed a stronger effect than SR therapy. In muscles, combined therapies improved the fiber size of Ovx rats. WBV could be applied alone or in combination with anti-osteoporosis drug therapy to improve muscle tissue. However, in patients with fractures, anti-osteoporosis treatments and the application of vibration could have an adverse effect on bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - V Nuehnen
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Stueber
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Wassmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Subdivision of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Goettingen, Humboldallee 34a, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Wicke
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Tezval
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K M Stuermer
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine of Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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