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Marracino P, Caramazza L, Liberti M, Apollonio F. Electroporation Mechanisms: The Role of Lipid Orientation in the Kinetics of Pore Formation .. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2235-2238. [PMID: 33018452 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electroporation is a well-established technique used to stimulate cells, enhancing membrane permeability. Although the biological phenomena occurring after the poration process have been widely studied, the physical mechanisms of pore formation are not clearly understood. In this work we investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations the kinetics of pore formation, linking the different stages of poration to specific arrangements of lipid membrane domains.Clinical Relevance-The approach followed in this study aims to shed light on the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the electroporation technique, nowadays used to enhance the entrance of poorly permeant anticancer drugs into tumor cells, for gene electrotransfer and all the other applications exploiting the modulation of cell membrane properties.
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Vaiwala R, Jadhav S, Thaokar R. Establishing an Electrostatics Paradigm for Membrane Electroporation in the Framework of Dissipative Particle Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5737-5749. [PMID: 31430431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With an exclusive aim to looking into a mechanism of membrane electroporation on mesoscopic length and time scales, we report the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation results for systems with and without electrolytes. A polarizable DPD model of water is employed for accurate modeling of long-range electrostatics near the water-lipid interfaces. A great deal of discussion on field induced change in dipole moments of water and lipids together with the special variation of electric field is made in order to understand the dielectrophoretic movement of water, initiating a pore formation via an intrusion through the bilayer core. The presence of salt alters the dipolar arrangement of lipids and water, and thereby it reduces the external field required to create a pore in the membrane. The species fluxes through the pore, distributions for bead density, electrostatic potential, stresses across the membrane, etc. are used to answer some of the key questions pertaining to mechanism of electroporation. The findings are compared with the molecular dynamics simulation results found in the literature, and the comparison successfully establishes an electrostatics paradigm for biomembrane studies using DPD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Vaiwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
| | - Rochish Thaokar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400 076 , India
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della Valle E, Marracino P, Pakhomova O, Liberti M, Apollonio F. Nanosecond pulsed electric signals can affect electrostatic environment of proteins below the threshold of conformational effects: The case study of SOD1 with a molecular simulation study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221685. [PMID: 31454403 PMCID: PMC6711501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fields can be a powerful tool to interact with enzymes or proteins, with an intriguing perspective to allow protein manipulation. Recently, researchers have focused the interest on intracellular enzyme modifications triggered by the application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. These findings were also supported by theoretical predictions from molecular dynamics simulations focussing on significant variations in protein secondary structures. In this work, a theoretical study utilizing molecular dynamics simulations is proposed to explore effects of electric fields of high intensity and very short nanosecond duration applied to the superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD or SOD-1), an important enzyme involved in the cellular antioxidant defence mechanism. The effects of 100-nanosecond pulsed electric fields, with intensities ranging from 108 to 7x108 V/m, on a single SOD1 enzyme are presented. We demonstrated that the lowest intensity of 108 V/m, although not inducing structural changes, can produce electrostatic modifications on the reaction centre of the enzyme, as apparent from the dipolar response and the electric field distribution of the protein active site. Electric pulses above 5x108 V/m produced a fast transition between the folded and a partially denatured state, as inferred by the secondary structures analysis. Finally, for the highest field intensity used (7x108 V/m), a not reversible transition toward an unfolded state was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena della Valle
- BioElectronic Vision Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Olga Pakhomova
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Merla C, Liberti M, Marracino P, Muscat A, Azan A, Apollonio F, Mir LM. A wide-band bio-chip for real-time optical detection of bioelectromagnetic interactions with cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5044. [PMID: 29568067 PMCID: PMC5864909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The analytical and numerical design, implementation, and experimental validation of a new grounded closed coplanar waveguide for wide-band electromagnetic exposures of cells and their optical detection in real-time is reported. The realized device fulfills high-quality requirements for novel bioelectromagnetic experiments, involving elevated temporal and spatial resolutions. Excellent performances in terms of matching bandwidth (less than -10 dB up to at least 3 GHz), emission (below 1 × 10-6 W/m2) and efficiency (around 1) have been obtained as revealed by both numerical simulations and experimental measurements. A low spatial electric field inhomogeneity (coefficient of variation of around 10 %) has been achieved within the cell solutions filling the polydimethylsiloxane reservoir of the conceived device. This original bio-chip based on the grounded closed coplanar waveguide concept opens new possibilities for the development of controlled experiments combining electromagnetic exposures and sophisticated imaging using optical spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Merla
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,National Italian Agency for New Technology Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Division of Health Protection Technologies, via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Micaela Liberti
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Information Engineering Electronics and Telecommunications, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marracino
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Information Engineering Electronics and Telecommunications, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Adeline Muscat
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Azan
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- "Sapienza" University of Rome, Department of Information Engineering Electronics and Telecommunications, via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy
| | - Lluis M Mir
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Anticancer Therapies, UMR 8203, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 114 rue E. Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
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Technological and Theoretical Aspects for Testing Electroporation on Liposomes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5092704. [PMID: 28393078 PMCID: PMC5368396 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5092704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the use of nanometer liposomes as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems mediated by nanoelectroporation has been proposed. This technique takes advantage of the possibility of simultaneously electroporating liposomes and cell membrane with 10-nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) facilitating the release of the drug from the liposomes and at the same time its uptake by the cells. In this paper the design and characterization of a 10 nsPEF exposure system is presented, for liposomes electroporation purposes. The design and the characterization of the applicator have been carried out choosing an electroporation cuvette with 1 mm gap between the electrodes. The structure efficiency has been evaluated at different experimental conditions by changing the solution conductivity from 0.25 to 1.6 S/m. With the aim to analyze the influence of device performances on the liposomes electroporation, microdosimetric simulations have been performed considering liposomes of 200 and 400 nm of dimension with different inner and outer conductivity (from 0.05 to 1.6 S/m) in order to identify the voltage needed for their poration.
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Marracino P, Liberti M, Vernier PT, Apollonio F. A statistical analytical model for hydrophilic electropore characterization: a comparison study. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03812g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new procedure for lipid pore characterization, which extracts the pore geometry from a statistical analysis of the tridimensional surface of the pore, is compared with other methods in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Marracino
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Rome
- Italy
| | - M. Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Rome
- Italy
| | - P. T. Vernier
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics
- Old Dominion University
- Norfolk
- USA
| | - F. Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications
- Sapienza University of Rome
- Rome
- Italy
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