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Tivnan P, Setty BN, Howard E, Agarwal J, Farris CW, Wachman EM, Castro-Aragon I. Ultrasound evaluation of brain parenchyma in preterm infants with prenatal opioid exposure. J Perinatol 2023:10.1038/s41372-023-01804-3. [PMID: 37863985 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether preterm infants with prenatal opioid exposure had differences in brain size on head ultrasounds (HUS) in comparison to non-exposed infants. STUDY DESIGN Preterm infants ≤34 weeks with prenatal opioid exposure (n = 47) and matched non-exposed infants (n = 62) with early HUSs were examined. Fifteen brain measurements were made and linear regression models performed to evaluate differences. RESULTS Brain measurements were smaller in the right ventricular index [β = -0.18 mm (95% CI -0.32, -0.03]), left ventricular index [β = -0.04 mm (95% CI -0.08, -0.003)], left basal ganglia insula [β = -0.10 mm (95% CI -0.15, -0.04)], right basal ganglia insula [β = -0.08 mm (95% CI -0.14, -0.03)], corpus callosum fastigium length [β = -0.16 mm (95% CI -0.25, -0.06)], intracranial height index [β = -0.31 mm (95% CI -0.44, -0.18)], and transcerebellar measurements [β = -0.13 (95% CI -0.25, -0.02)] in the opioid-exposed group. CONCLUSIONS Preterm infants with prenatal opioid exposure have smaller brain sizes compared to non-exposed infants, potentially increasing their risk for neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tivnan
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Bindu N Setty
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Eileen Howard
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Joel Agarwal
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Chad W Farris
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Elisha M Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ilse Castro-Aragon
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Cerebral ultrasound findings in infants exposed to crack cocaine during gestation. Pediatr Radiol 2013; 43:212-8. [PMID: 23229344 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-012-2528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to cocaine has been associated with a wide spectrum of structural abnormalities in infant brains. The growing use of crack, a smokable and extremely addictive form of cocaine, could exacerbate the situation. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency, type and severity of cerebral lesions detected by transfontanellar US in newborns exposed to crack during gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study, involving a review of the medical records of children who were born to crack-using women and who were subjected to transfontanellar US imaging during their first days of life. RESULTS Transfontanellar US revealed abnormalities in 45/129 newborns examined (34.9%). The changes detected were subependymal cysts in 24 infants (18.6%), lenticulostriate vasculopathy in 18 infants (14%), subependymal hemorrhage in 9 infants (7%), and choroid plexus cysts in 9 infants (7%). CONCLUSION All of the abnormalities found by US examination were discrete and likely without clinical significance for the babies. However, prospective studies with a long period of tracking are needed to determine whether there are later consequences on the neurodevelopment of children with prenatal exposure to crack.
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