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Xiang S, Qiu X, Yan X, Ruan R, Cheng P. Salicylic Acid Improved the Growth of Dunaliella salina and Increased the Proportion of 9-cis-β-Carotene Isomers. Mar Drugs 2025; 23:18. [PMID: 39852520 PMCID: PMC11766574 DOI: 10.3390/md23010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is an important source of natural β-carotene (containing 9-cis and all trans isomers) for industrial production. The phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) has been proven to have impacts on the stress resistance of higher plants, but research on microalgae is currently unclear. In this study, the effects of SA on the growth, biochemical composition, antioxidant enzyme activity, key enzymes of β-carotene synthesis, and cis-and trans-isomers of β-carotene in D. salina under different salt concentrations were investigated. The results were shown that at concentrations of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M NaCl, the antioxidant enzyme activity and key enzymes for β-carotene synthesis in algal cells were significantly increased, but the content and proportion of 9-cis isomer in β-carotene isomers decreased. The addition of SA significantly increased the growth and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, MDA) activity, as well as the synthesis of key enzyme phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS), and lycopene β cyclase (LCYB) of D. salina under high-salinity conditions. It is worth noting that under the treatment of SA, the proportion of 9-cis isomer in the three salt concentrations (1.5, 2, 2.5 M NaCl) significantly increased by 32.09%, 20.30%, and 11.32%, respectively. Moreover, SA can not only improve the salt tolerance of D. salina, but also increase the proportion of 9-cis isomer, with higher physiological activity in β-carotene, thereby enhancing the application value of D. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaicheng Xiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.X.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaoting Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.X.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (S.X.); (X.Q.)
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Nie X, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Bastías DA, Nan Z, Li C. Endophytes Alleviate Drought-Derived Oxidative Damage in Achnatherum inebrians Plants Through Increasing Antioxidants and Regulating Host Stress Responses. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:73. [PMID: 38758374 PMCID: PMC11101377 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Endophytes generally increase antioxidant contents of plants subjected to environmental stresses. However, the mechanisms by which endophytes alter the accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues are not entirely clear. We hypothesized that, in stress situations, endophytes would simultaneously reduce oxidative damage and increase antioxidant contents of plants and that the accumulation of antioxidants would be a consequence of the endophyte ability to regulate the expression of plant antioxidant genes. We investigated the effects of the fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis (C.J. Li & Nan) on oxidative damage, antioxidant contents, and expression of representative genes associated with antioxidant pathways in Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng plants subjected to low (15%) and high (60%) soil moisture conditions. Gene expression levels were measured using RNA-seq. As expected, the endophyte reduced the oxidative damage by 17.55% and increased the antioxidant contents by 53.14% (on average) in plants subjected to low soil moisture. In line with the accumulation of antioxidants in plant tissues, the endophyte increased the expression of most plant genes associated with the biosynthesis of antioxidants (e.g., MIOX, crtB, gpx) while it reduced the expression of plant genes related to the metabolization of antioxidants (e.g., GST, PRODH, ALDH). Our findings suggest that endophyte ability of increasing antioxidant contents in plants may reduce the oxidative damage caused by stresses and that the fungal regulation of plant antioxidants would partly explain the accumulation of these compounds in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zhenrui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Daniel A Bastías
- Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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Zhou M, Yin Y, Zhao J, Zhou M, Bai Y, Zhang P. Applications of microalga-powered microrobots in targeted drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7512-7530. [PMID: 37877241 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01095c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, researchers have proposed a new class of drug delivery systems, bio-hybrid micro-robots, designed with a variety of living cell-driven micro-robots that utilize the unique mobility of natural organisms (bacteria, cells, exosomes, etc.) to transport effective drugs. Microalgae are considered potential drug delivery carriers. Recent studies have shown that microalga-based drug delivery systems exhibit excellent biocompatibility. In addition, microalgae have a large surfactant area, phototaxis, oxygen production, and other characteristics, so they are used as a carrier for the treatment of bacterial infections, cancer, etc. This review summarizes the modification of microalgae including click chemistry and electrostatic adsorption, and can improve the drug loading efficiency through dehydration and hydration strategies. The prepared microalgal drug delivery system can be targeted to different organs by different dosing methods or using external forces. Finally, it summarizes its antibacterial (gastritis, periodontitis, skin wound inflammation, etc.) and antitumor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yannan Yin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiuhong Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zhang X, Khalid M, Menhas S, Chi Y, Yang X, Chu S, Zhou P, Zhang D. Insights into effects of salt stress on the oil-degradation capacity, cell response, and key metabolic pathways of Bacillus sp. YM1 isolated from oily food waste compost. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140092. [PMID: 37678592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel bacterial strain, Bacillus sp. YM1, was isolated from compost for the efficient degradation of oily food waste under salt stress. The strain's lipase activity, oil degradation ability, and tolerance to salt stress were evaluated in a liquid medium. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms (including key genes and functional processes) underlying the strain's salt-resistant degradation of oil were investigated based on RNA-Seq technology. The results showed that after 24 h of microbial degradation, the degradation rate of triglycerides in soybean oil was 80.23% by Bacillus sp. YM1 at a 30 g L-1 NaCl concentration. The metabolizing mechanism of long-chain triglycerides (C50-C58) by the YM1 strain, especially the biodegradation rate of triglycerides (C18:3/C18:3/C18:3), could reach 98.65%. The most substantial activity of lipase was up to 325.77 U·L-1 at a salinity of 30 g L-1 NaCl. During salt-induced stress, triacylglycerol lipase was identified as the crucial enzyme involved in oil degradation in Bacillus sp. YM1, and its synthesis was regulated by the lip gene (M5E02_13495). Bacillus sp. YM1 underwent adaptation to salt stress through various mechanisms, including the accumulation of free amino acids, betaine synthesis, regulation of intracellular Na+/K+ balance, the antioxidative response, spore formation, and germination. The key genes involved in Bacillus sp. YM1's adaptation to salt stress were responsible for the synthesis of glutamate 5-kinase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, Na+/H+ antiporter, general stress protein, and sporogenic proteins belonging to the YjcZ family. Results indicated that the isolated strain of Bacillus sp. YM1 could significantly degrade oil in a short time under salt stress. This study would introduce new salt-tolerant strains for coping with the biodegradation of oily food waste and provide gene targets for use in genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Saiqa Menhas
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yaowei Chi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaohua Chu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200240, China; Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Yu C, Li C, Zhang Y, Du X, Wang JH, Chi ZY, Zhang Q. Effects of environment-relevant concentrations of antibiotics on seawater Chlorella sp. biofilm in artificial mariculture effluent. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Guermazi W, Masmoudi S, Trabelsi NA, Gammoudi S, Ayadi H, Morant-Manceau A, Hotos GN. Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Microalgae Dunaliella salina, Cylindrotheca closterium and Phormidium versicolor NCC466 Exposed to High Salinity and Irradiation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020313. [PMID: 36836671 PMCID: PMC9961930 DOI: 10.3390/life13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyceae), Phormidium versicolor (Cyanophyceae), and Cylindrotheca closterium (Bacillariophyceae) were isolated from three ponds in the solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia). Growth, pigment contents, and photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured under controlled conditions of three light levels (300, 500, and 1000 µmol photons m-2 s-1) and three NaCl concentrations (40, 80, and 140 g L-1). The highest salinity reduced the growth of D. salina and P. versicolor NCC466 and strongly inhibited that of C. closterium. According to ΦPSII values, the photosynthetic apparatus of P. versicolor was stimulated by increasing salinity, whereas that of D. salina and C. closterium was decreased by irradiance rise. The production of carotenoids in D. salina and P. versicolor was stimulated when salinity and irradiance increased, whereas it decreased in the diatom. Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were only detected when the three species were cultivated under E1000. The antioxidant activity of carotenoids could compensate for the low antioxidant enzyme activity measured in D. salina. Salinity and irradiation levels interact with the physiology of three species that have mechanisms of more or less effective stress resistance, hence different resistance to environmental stresses according to the species. Under these stress-controlled conditions, P. versicolor and C. closterium strains could provide promising sources of extremolyte for several purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guermazi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Salma Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
- LUNAM, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Neila Annabi Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Sana Gammoudi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Environment (LR18ES/30), University of Sfax, Sfax CP 3000, Tunisia
| | - Annick Morant-Manceau
- LUNAM, Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (EA 2160), Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - George N. Hotos
- Plankton Culture Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece
- Correspondence:
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The Role of Photo-Cycles in the Modulation of Growth and Biochemical Profile of Microalgae: Part I—Food Interest Compounds. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030462. [PMID: 35330213 PMCID: PMC8952382 DOI: 10.3390/life12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different photo-cycles on the growth and biochemical profile of Scenedesmus obliquus CPCC05, focusing on food interest compounds. The photo-cycle conditions were separated into three groups: long-term photo-cycles (24:0, 22:2, 20:4, 18:6, 12:12, and 10:14 (h:h)), frequency photo-cycles (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 times per day (t/d)), and short photo-cycles (0.91:0.09, 0.83:0.17, 0.75:0.25, and 0.50:0.50 (s:s)) of light:dark, respectively. The results showed these microalgae can store enough energy to support cell growth for continuous periods of up to 2 h in the dark, without affecting the productivity of the process. This 2 h, when divided into 2 cycles per day (2 t/d), showed the best growth condition (3700 mg L−1), generation time (14.40 h), and maximum biomass productivity (21.43 mg L h−1). This photo-cycle of 2 t/d was also the best condition for the production of total sterols. However, the values of polyunsaturated fatty acids, lipid content, and amino acids obtained higher yields in the short photo-cycle of 0.75:0.25. Thus, the modulation of light cycles becomes an important tool for boosting and directing the production of target molecules in phototrophic cultures of microalgae.
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