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Huang W, Ma Y, Tottori N, Yamanishi Y. Enhancing suspended cell transfection by inducing localized distribution of the membrane actin cortex before exposure to electromechanical stimulation. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1417-1430. [PMID: 37656264 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During physical transfection, an electrical field or mechanical force is used to induce cell transfection. We tested if the disruption of a dense actin layer underneath the membrane of a suspended cell enhances cell transfection. RESULTS A bubble generator was used to electromechanically stimulate suspended cells. To clarify the influence of the actin layer (the actin cortex) on cell transfection efficiency, we used an actin polymerization inhibitor (cytochalasin D) to disrupt the actin cortex before electromechanical stimulation. Without cytochalasin D treatment, signals from the overall actin cortex decreased after electromechanical stimulation. With cytochalasin D treatment, there was localized F-actin aggregation under static conditions. After electromechanical stimulation, there was a partial loss (localized disruption), but no overall disruption, of the actin cortex. With the pretreatment with cytochalasin D, the transfection efficiency of plasmids (4.7, 8.3, or 11 kbp) into NIH/3T3 or UMR-106 cells increased significantly after exposure to electromechanical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Localized distribution of the actin cortex before exposure to electromechanical stimulation is crucial for inducing a partial loss of the cortex, which improves transfection efficiency and large plasmid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Information and control systems course, Kindai University technical college, 7-1, Kasugaoka, Nabari City, Mie Prefecture, 518-0459, Japan
| | - Yibo Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naotomo Tottori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamanishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Li QG, Liu ZG, Dong G, Sun Y, Zou YW, Chen XL, Wu B, Chen XH, Ren ZG. Nanosecond pulsed electric field ablates rabbit VX2 liver tumors in a non-thermal manner. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273754. [PMID: 36920938 PMCID: PMC10016630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver tumor remains an important cause of cancer-related death. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are advantageous in the treatment of melanoma and pancreatic cancer, but their therapeutic application on liver tumors need to be further studied. METHODS Hep3B cells were treated with nsPEFs. The biological behaviors of cells were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays. In vivo, rabbit VX2 liver tumor models were ablated by ultrasound-guided nsPEFs and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to evaluate the ablation effect. HE staining and Masson staining were used to evaluate the tissue morphology after ablation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and α-smooth muscle actin at different time points after ablation. RESULTS The cell viability of Hep3B cells was continuously lower than that of the control group within 3 days after pulse treatment. The proliferation of Hep3B cells was significantly affected by nsPEFs. TEM showed that Hep3B cells underwent significant morphological changes after pulse treatment. In vivo, CEUS imaging showed that nsPEFs could completely ablate model rabbit VX2 liver tumors. After nsPEFs ablation, the area of tumor fibrosis and the expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and α-smooth muscle actin were decreased. However, after RFA, rabbit VX2 liver tumor tissue showed complete necrosis, but the expression of PCNA and α-smooth muscle actin did not decrease compared to the tumor group. CONCLUSIONS nsPEFs can induce Hep3B cells apoptosis and ablate rabbit VX2 liver tumors in a non-thermal manner versus RFA. The ultrasound contrast agent can monitor immediate effect of nsPEF ablation. This study provides a basis for the clinical study of nsPEFs ablation of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Gang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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3
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Sachdev S, Potočnik T, Rems L, Miklavčič D. Revisiting the role of pulsed electric fields in overcoming the barriers to in vivo gene electrotransfer. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:107994. [PMID: 34930678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies are revolutionizing medicine by providing a way to cure hitherto incurable diseases. The scientific and technological advances have enabled the first gene therapies to become clinically approved. In addition, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing record speeds in the development and distribution of gene-based vaccines. For gene therapy to take effect, the therapeutic nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) need to overcome several barriers before they can execute their function of producing a protein or silencing a defective or overexpressing gene. This includes the barriers of the interstitium, the cell membrane, the cytoplasmic barriers and (in case of DNA) the nuclear envelope. Gene electrotransfer (GET), i.e., transfection by means of pulsed electric fields, is a non-viral technique that can overcome these barriers in a safe and effective manner. GET has reached the clinical stage of investigations where it is currently being evaluated for its therapeutic benefits across a wide variety of indications. In this review, we formalize our current understanding of GET from a biophysical perspective and critically discuss the mechanisms by which electric field can aid in overcoming the barriers. We also identify the gaps in knowledge that are hindering optimization of GET in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaurya Sachdev
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Potočnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Rems
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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4
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Han SJ, Noh M, Jang J, Lee JB, Kim KS. Electric fields regulate cellular elasticity through intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7450-7463. [PMID: 33993476 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cellular elasticity is a key factor related to a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. The elasticity of a single cell has thus emerged as a potential biomarker to characterize the cellular state. Both internal and external stimuli affect cellular elasticity, and changes in elasticity can cause alterations in cellular characteristics or function. The application of electric fields (EFs) is a promising method that can be used to change cellular elasticity; however, the mechanisms underlying its effect remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate EFs-induced elasticity changes in human dermal fibroblasts and discuss the underlying mechanism related to actin polymerization. Cellular elasticity increases after EF (50 mV/mm) stimulation, reaching a maximum at 30 min before decreasing between 30 and 120 min. The cellular elasticity under EF stimulation, regardless of stimulation time, is higher than that of the control. F-actin regulates the elasticity of cells through gelsolin activation. We show changes in intracellular Ca2+ caused by EFs, which induced gelsolin activation and F-actin content changes. This result demonstrates a series of processes in which external electrical stimulation conditions regulate cellular elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jik Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minjoo Noh
- Innovation Lab, Department of Innovation, Cosmax R&I Center, Gyeonggi do, Korea
| | - Jihui Jang
- Innovation Lab, Department of Innovation, Cosmax R&I Center, Gyeonggi do, Korea
| | - Jun Bae Lee
- Innovation Lab, Department of Innovation, Cosmax R&I Center, Gyeonggi do, Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Choromańska A, Chwiłkowska A, Kulbacka J, Baczyńska D, Rembiałkowska N, Szewczyk A, Michel O, Gajewska-Naryniecka A, Przystupski D, Saczko J. Modifications of Plasma Membrane Organization in Cancer Cells for Targeted Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:1850. [PMID: 33806009 PMCID: PMC8037978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications of the composition or organization of the cancer cell membrane seem to be a promising targeted therapy. This approach can significantly enhance drug uptake or intensify the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. There are several methods enabling lipid bilayer modifications, e.g., pharmacological, physical, and mechanical. It is crucial to keep in mind the significance of drug resistance phenomenon, ion channel and specific receptor impact, and lipid bilayer organization in planning the cell membrane-targeted treatment. In this review, strategies based on cell membrane modulation or reorganization are presented as an alternative tool for future therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska-Naryniecka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Dawid Przystupski
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
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6
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Graybill PM, Jana A, Kapania RK, Nain AS, Davalos RV. Single Cell Forces after Electroporation. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2554-2568. [PMID: 33236888 PMCID: PMC10949415 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous high-voltage pulses increase cell membrane permeability through a phenomenon known as electroporation. This process may also disrupt the cell cytoskeleton causing changes in cell contractility; however, the contractile signature of cell force after electroporation remains unknown. Here, single-cell forces post-electroporation are measured using suspended extracellular matrix-mimicking nanofibers that act as force sensors. Ten, 100 μs pulses are delivered at three voltage magnitudes (500, 1000, and 1500 V) and two directions (parallel and perpendicular to cell orientation), exposing glioblastoma cells to electric fields between 441 V cm-1 and 1366 V cm-1. Cytoskeletal-driven force loss and recovery post-electroporation involves three distinct stages. Low electric field magnitudes do not cause disruption, but higher fields nearly eliminate contractility 2-10 min post-electroporation as cells round following calcium-mediated retraction (stage 1). Following rounding, a majority of analyzed cells enter an unusual and unexpected biphasic stage (stage 2) characterized by increased contractility tens of minutes post-electroporation, followed by force relaxation. The biphasic stage is concurrent with actin disruption-driven blebbing. Finally, cells elongate and regain their pre-electroporation morphology and contractility in 1-3 h (stage 3). With increasing voltages applied perpendicular to cell orientation, we observe a significant drop in cell viability. Experiments with multiple healthy and cancerous cell lines demonstrate that contractile force is a more dynamic and sensitive metric than cell shape to electroporation. A mechanobiological understanding of cell contractility post-electroporation will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that drive recovery and may have implications for molecular medicine, genetic engineering, and cellular biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Graybill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aniket Jana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rakesh K Kapania
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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7
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Liu ZG, Chen XH, Yu ZJ, Lv J, Ren ZG. Recent progress in pulsed electric field ablation for liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:3421-3431. [PMID: 32655266 PMCID: PMC7327785 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i24.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of liver cancer patients is likely to continue to increase in the coming decades due to the aging of the population and changing risk factors. Traditional treatments cannot meet the needs of all patients. New treatment methods evolved from pulsed electric field ablation are expected to lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of liver cancer. This paper reviews the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation in clinical studies, the methods to detect and evaluate its ablation effect, the improvements in equipment and its antitumor effect, and animal and clinical trials on electrochemotherapy. We also summarize studies on the most novel nanosecond pulsed electric field ablation techniques in vitro and in vivo. These research results are certain to promote the progress of pulsed electric field in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Guo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zu-Jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
- Precision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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8
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Graybill PM, Davalos RV. Cytoskeletal Disruption after Electroporation and Its Significance to Pulsed Electric Field Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1132. [PMID: 32366043 PMCID: PMC7281591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have become clinically important through the success of Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), Electrochemotherapy (ECT), and nanosecond PEFs (nsPEFs) for the treatment of tumors. PEFs increase the permeability of cell membranes, a phenomenon known as electroporation. In addition to well-known membrane effects, PEFs can cause profound cytoskeletal disruption. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of cytoskeletal disruption after PEFs. Compiling available studies, we describe PEF-induced cytoskeletal disruption and possible mechanisms of disruption. Additionally, we consider how cytoskeletal alterations contribute to cell-cell and cell-substrate disruption. We conclude with a discussion of cytoskeletal disruption-induced anti-vascular effects of PEFs and consider how a better understanding of cytoskeletal disruption after PEFs may lead to more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Graybill
- BEMS Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- BEMS Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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9
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Cellular processes involved in lung cancer cells exposed to direct current electric field. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5289. [PMID: 32210363 PMCID: PMC7093422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid breakthrough of electrochemical treatment of tumors, electric field (EF)-sensitive genes, previously rarely exploited, have become an emerging field recently. Here, we reported our work for the identification of EF-sensitive genes in lung cancer cells. The gene expression profile (GSE33845), in which the human lung cancer CL1-0 cells were treated with a direct current electric field (dcEF) (300 mV/mm) for 2 h, was retrieved from GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, followed by Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Hub genes were acquired and analyzed by various tools including the Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cytoscape, FunRich, Oncomine and cBioPortal. Subsequently, three-dimensional protein models of hub genes were modeled by Modeller 9.20 and Rosetta 3.9. Finally, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation for each hub protein was performed with GROMACS 2018.2. A total of 257 DEGs were acquired and analyzed by GO, KEGG and PPI. Then, 10 hub genes were obtained, and the signal pathway analysis showed that two inflammatory pathways were activated: the FoxO signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The molecular dynamic analysis including RMSD and the radius of gyration hinted that the 3D structures of hub proteins were built. Overall, our work identified EF-sensitive genes in lung cancer cells and identified that the inflammatory state of tumor cells may be involved in the feedback mechanism of lung cancer cells in response to electric field stimulation. In addition, qualified three-dimensional protein models of hub genes were also constructed, which will be helpful in understanding the complex effects of dcEF on human lung cancer CL1-0 cells.
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10
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Shi F, Steuer A, Zhuang J, Kolb JF. Bioimpedance Analysis of Epithelial Monolayers after Exposure to Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:2010-2021. [PMID: 30452351 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2882299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposures to pulsed electric fields (PEFs) are known to affect cell membranes and consequently also cell-cell interactions as well as associated characteristics. Bioimpedance analysis offers direct and non-invasive insights into structural and functional changes of cell membranes and extracellular matrices through a rigorous evaluation of electrical parameters. Accordingly, the multi-frequency impedance of confluent monolayers of rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells was monitored in situ before and after exposure to nanosecond PEFs (nsPEFs). The results were fitted by two Cole models in series to obtain the Cole parameters for the monolayer. For an interpretation of the results, dielectric parameters, were correlated with changes of the TJ protein zonula occludens (ZO-1) and the paracellular permeability of the monolayer Cole parameters in general change as a function of pulse number and time. The findings demonstrate that impedance analysis is an effective method to monitor changes of TJs cell-cell contacts and paracellular permeability and relate them to exposure parameters.
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11
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Cell stimulation versus cell death induced by sequential treatments with pulsed electric fields and cold atmospheric pressure plasma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204916. [PMID: 30312292 PMCID: PMC6193580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) and cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) are currently both investigated for medical applications. The exposure of cells to PEFs can induce the formation of pores in cell membranes and consequently facilitate the uptake of molecules. In contrast, CAP mainly acts through reactive species that are generated in the liquid environment. The objective of this study was to determine, if PEFs combined with plasma-treated cell culture medium can mutually reinforce effects on viability of mammalian cells. Experiments were conducted with rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells and their tumorigenic counterpart WB-ras for a direct comparison of non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic cells from the same origin. Viability after treatments strongly depended on cell type and applied field strength. Notably, tumorigenic WB-ras cells responded more sensitive to the respective treatments than non-tumorigenic WB-F344 cells. More cells were killed when plasma-treated medium was applied first in combination with treatments with 100-μs PEFs. For the reversed treatment order, i.e. application of PEFs first, the combination with 100-ns PEFs resulted in a stimulating effect for non-tumorigenic but not for tumorigenic cells. The results suggest that other mechanisms, besides simple pore formation, contributed to the mutually reinforcing effects of the two methods.
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