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Wang YB, Lv G, Xu FH, Ma LL, Yao YM. Comprehensive Survey of Clinical Trials Registration for Melanoma Immunotherapy in the ClinicalTrials.gov. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1539. [PMID: 31998135 PMCID: PMC6966167 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Comprehensively evaluate the immunotherapeutic clinical trials and provide reference for melanoma treatment and research. Methods: The website of ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to retrieve and download all registered clinical trials for melanoma immunotherapy on August 1 (updated on August 25), 2019. All registration trials met the inclusion criteria were collected regardless of the type of study, the status of recruitment, and the results of the study. The general characteristics, methodological characteristics, and the types of immunotherapeutic drugs included of these trials were analyzed. Results: Finally, 242 eligible trials were included and evaluated. Of them, 30.6% were completed, 16.9% were terminated, and two were withdrawn; 77.7% recruited less than 100 participants; 30.5% were randomized; 45.5% was single group assignment; 88.8% were not masked; the primary purpose was treatment; 44.2% had data on monitoring committees; 27.7% used US FDA-regulated immunization drugs; 78.5% without results posted; 43.0% were sponsored by the industry. Immunological checkpoint inhibitors were most often studied, with 53.6% of the trials involving PD-1, the most commonly studied was Nivolumab. Conclusions: Currently, most of the registered clinical trials for melanoma immunotherapy were interventional open-label trials. Most immunotherapy research hotspots were in the FDA-regulated drug product, and a few trials reported available test results. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of results and explore and disseminate more effective and safe immunotherapy methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Hua Xu
- Ward I of Internal Medicine, Beijing General Hospital of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Lu Ma
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Trauma Research Center, Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang D, Gao M, Jin Q, Ni Y, Zhang J. Updated developments on molecular imaging and therapeutic strategies directed against necrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:455-468. [PMID: 31193829 PMCID: PMC6543088 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death plays important roles in living organisms and is a hallmark of numerous disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, sepsis and acute pancreatitis. Moreover, cell death also plays a pivotal role in the treatment of certain diseases, for example, cancer. Noninvasive visualization of cell death contributes to gained insight into diseases, development of individualized treatment plans, evaluation of treatment responses, and prediction of patient prognosis. On the other hand, cell death can also be targeted for the treatment of diseases. Although there are many ways for a cell to die, only apoptosis and necrosis have been extensively studied in terms of cell death related theranostics. This review mainly focuses on molecular imaging and therapeutic strategies directed against necrosis. Necrosis shares common morphological characteristics including the rupture of cell membrane integrity and release of cellular contents, which provide potential biomarkers for visualization of necrosis and necrosis targeted therapy. In the present review, we summarize the updated joint efforts to develop molecular imaging probes and therapeutic strategies targeting the biomarkers exposed by necrotic cells. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges in developing necrosis imaging probes and propose several biomarkers of necrosis that deserve to be explored in future imaging and therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Theragnostic Laboratory, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
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Dréau D, Moore LJ, Wu M, Roy LD, Dillion L, Porter T, Puri R, Momin N, Wittrup KD, Mukherjee P. Combining the Specific Anti-MUC1 Antibody TAB004 and Lip-MSA-IL-2 Limits Pancreatic Cancer Progression in Immune Competent Murine Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:330. [PMID: 31114758 PMCID: PMC6503151 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy regimens have shown success in subsets of cancer patients; however, their efficacy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remain unclear. Previously, we demonstrated the potential of TAB004, a monoclonal antibody targeting the unique tumor-associated form of MUC1 (tMUC1) in the early detection of PDA. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic benefit of combining the TAB004 antibody with Liposomal-MSA-IL-2 in immune competent and human MUC1 transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mouse models of PDA and investigated the associated immune responses. Treatment with TAB004 + Lip-MSA-IL-2 resulted in significantly improved survival and slower tumor growth compared to controls in MUC1.Tg mice bearing an orthotopic PDA.MUC1 tumor. Similarly, in the spontaneous model of PDA that expresses human MUC1, the combination treatment stalled the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial pre-neoplastic (PanIN) lesion to adenocarcinoma. Treatment with the combination elicited a robust systemic and tumor-specific immune response with (a) increased percentages of systemic and tumor infiltrated CD45+CD11b+ cells, (b) increased levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), (c) increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity/phagocytosis (ADCC/ADCP), (d) decreased percentage of immune regulatory cells (CD8+CD69+ cells), and (e) reduced circulating levels of immunosuppressive tMUC1. We report that treatment with a novel antibody against tMUC1 in combination with a unique formulation of IL-2 can improve survival and lead to stable disease in appropriate models of PDA by reducing tumor-induced immune regulation and promoting recruitment of CD45+CD11b+ cells, thereby enhancing ADCC/ADCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | | | - Mike Wu
- OncoTab Inc., Charlotte, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Travis Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Rahul Puri
- OncoTab Inc., Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pinku Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States.,OncoTab Inc., Charlotte, NC, United States
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Zhao L, Wang WJ, Zhang JN, Zhang XY. 5-Fluorouracil and interleukin-2 immunochemotherapy enhances immunogenicity of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells through upregulation of NKG2D ligands. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 15:4039-44. [PMID: 24935593 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.9.4039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of immunochemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to detect whether 5-FU+IL-2 could effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo, we established an A549-bearing nude mouse model. The cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells was evaluated using a standard chromium release assay. To evaluate the relevance of NK cells in 5-FU+IL-2- mediated tumor inhibitory effects, we depleted NK cells in A549-bearing mice by injecting anti-asialo-GM-1 antibodies. Effects of 5-FU+IL-2 on the expression and promoter activity of NKG2D ligands (MICA/MICB) in A549 cells in vitro were also assessed. RESULTS In A549-bearing nude mice, combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in comparison with monotherapy with 5-FU or IL-2 and enhanced the recognition and lysis of tumor cells by NK cells. Further study of mechanisms showed that NK cells played a vital role in the anticancer immune response of 5-FU+IL-2 immunochemotherapy. In addition, the combination therapy synergistically stimulated the expression and promoter activity of MICA/MICB. CONCLUSIONS 5-FU and IL-2 immunochemotherapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and activated NK cytotoxicity in vivo, and these effects were partly impaired after depleting NK cells in tumor-bearing mice. Combination treatment of 5-FU and IL-2 upregulated the expression and the promoter activity of MICA/MICB in A549 cells, which enhanced the recognition of A549 cells by NK cells. All of the data indicated that immunochemotherapy of 5-FU and IL-2 may provide a new treatment option for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China E-mail :
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Li J, Li H, Zhang Z, Wang N, Zhang Y. The anti-cancerous activity of recombinant trichosanthin on prostate cancer cell PC3. Biol Res 2016; 49:21. [PMID: 27015938 PMCID: PMC4807558 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Trichosanthin produced in the root tube of Trichosanthes kirilowii shows anti-tumor activity on a series of cancer cells including Hela, MCF-7, HL-60. But there is little information about its effect on the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE This work was designed to study the role of trichosanthin on prostate cancer cells PC3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Trichosanthin was expressed in BL21 strain and purified by affinity chromatography. MTT assay was designed to determine the effect of trichosanthin on growth of PC3 cells at doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 120 μg/ml. Then the effect of 50 μg/ml rTCS alone or combined with 2 μM IL-2 on PC3 cell proliferation was analyzed. And the mechanism of rTCS was studied by western blot. After that the in vivo effect of rTCS combined with IL-2 was explored in mice bearing PC3 xenograft tumor. RESULTS Trichosanthin was successfully expressed in BL21 and purified by 100 mM imidazole. It was shown to inhibit proliferation of PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 50.6 μg/ml. When combined with cytokine IL-2, a significant synergic effect was obtained. The inhibition rate on PC3 was around 50 % in combination group while only 35.5 % in single rTCS group at 50 μg/ml. Further, the expression of full length caspase-8 and Bcl-2 decreased significantly while cleaved caspase-8 and Bax were up-regulated, which suggest that caspase-8-mediated apoptosis pathway may be activated by rTCS in PC3 cells. Moreover, our data demonstrated that tumor volume and tumor weight were significantly reduced in rTCS-treated or rTCS/IL-2-treated nude mice bearing PC3 xenograft tumor compared with control. And significant difference was also found between rTCS and rTCS/IL-2 group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that rTCS is a potential agent with high in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity on PC3 cells. And rTCS combined with IL-2 is a promising strategy in treating patients with prostate cancer in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinLong Li
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Zhongfu Road 1-1, Nanjing, 210003 China
- />Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Hui Li
- />Department of Neonatology, The Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, 225300 China
| | - ZhaoLi Zhang
- />Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210003 China
| | - NianYue Wang
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Zhongfu Road 1-1, Nanjing, 210003 China
| | - YongChen Zhang
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Zhongfu Road 1-1, Nanjing, 210003 China
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Peng Q, Li H, Lao X, Deng Y, Chen Z, Qin X, Li S. Association of IL-2 polymorphisms and IL-2 serum levels with susceptibility to HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese Zhuang population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:375-81. [PMID: 25173083 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an immunoregulatory cytokine produced by T cells and plays an important role in antitumor immunity. Variations in the DNA sequence of the IL-2 gene may lead to altered cytokine production and/or activity, and thus modulate an individual's susceptibility to hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC). To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether IL-2 gene polymorphisms and its serum levels are associated with HBV-related HCC in a Chinese population. METHODS The +114T/G and -384T/G polymorphisms in the IL-2 gene were examined in 115 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 67 cases of HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC), 107 cases of HBV-related HCC, and 105 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing. The serum IL-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found that there were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the IL-2 gene +114T/G polymorphism between the HBV-related HCC patients and the healthy controls. The +114 TG and GG genotypes were associated with a significant increased HCC risk as compared with the TT genotype (OR=1.988, 95% CI, 1.034-3.480, P=0.009 for TG genotype, and OR=1.975, 95% CI, 1.012-3.341, P=0.013 for GG genotype, respectively). The +114 G allele was correlated with a significant increased HCC risk as compared with the T allele (OR=1.423, 95% CI, 1.023-1.975, P=0.031). In addition, we found significant decreased serum IL-2 in HBV-related HCC patients (288.6±177.1ng/L) compared with healthy controls (238.2±136.7ng/L) (t=2.32, P=0.021). Genotypes carrying the +114 G variant allele were associated with decreased serum IL-2 levels compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype in HBV-related HCC patients. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the IL-2 +114T/G polymorphism may contribute to increased HBV-related HCC risk through regulating the serum IL-2 levels. Further large and well-designed studies in diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiwei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianjun Lao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health at Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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