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Chen X, Favero BT, Liu F, Lütken H. Enhanced root system architecture in oilseed rape transformed with Rhizobium rhizogenes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 348:112209. [PMID: 39098395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Transformation of plants using wild strains of agrobacteria is termed natural transformation and is not covered by GMO legislation in e.g. European Union and Japan. In the current study, offspring lines (A11 and B3) of Rhizobium rhizogenes naturally transformed oilseed rape (Brassica napus) were randomly selected to characterize the morphological traits, and analyze the implications of such morphological changes on plant drought resilience. It was found that the introduction of Ri-genes altered the biomass partitioning to above- and under-ground parts of oilseed rape plants. Compared to the wild type (WT), the A11 and B3 lines exhibited 1.2-4.0 folds lower leaf and stem dry weight, leaf area and plant height, but had 1.3-5.8 folds greater root dry weight, root length and root surface area, resulting in a significantly enhanced root: shoot dry mass ratio and root surface area: leaf area ratio. In addition, the introduction of Ri-genes conferred reduced stomatal pore aperture and increased stomatal density in the B3 line, and increased leaf thickness in A11 line, which could benefit plant drought resilience. Finally, the modulations in morphological traits as a consequence of transformation with Ri-genes are discussed concerning resilience in water-limited conditions. These findings reveal the potential of natural transformation with R. rhizogenes for drought-targeted breeding in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Chen
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Bruno Trevenzoli Favero
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Fulai Liu
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
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Desmet S, Van Laere K, Van Huylenbroeck J, Geelen D, De Keyser E, Dhooghe E. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of Osteospermum fruticosum lines harboring wild type pRi rol genes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306905. [PMID: 39298448 PMCID: PMC11412668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Transgenic lines engineered through wild type Rhizobium rhizogenes display an altered phenotype known as the Ri phenotype. This phenotype includes a more compact plant habit, which has proved useful to obtain more compact varieties that require less chemical growth regulation. Here, we develop a method for the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of Cape daisy (Osteospermum fruticosum Norl.) Ri lines in order to predict segregation of pRi T-DNA genes. Analysis of copy number variation (CNV) by means of digital PCR indicated large variation in the copy number of the inserted root oncogenic loci (rol) genes, ranging from 1 to more than 15 copies. In addition, up to 9 copies of the auxin biosynthesis genes (aux) were present in a single Ri line. Visualization of pRiA4 and pRi1724 rol and aux insertion in 4 Ri lines was performed through Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization. The number of rol integrated loci varied from 1 to 3 loci. In contrast, the different TR-gene copies were confined to a single locus which consistently co-localized with a TL locus, this was demonstrated for the first time. Based on CNV and FISH a single Ri line, harboring 7 pRi1724 rol gene copies dispersed over 3 integration loci, was selected for breeding. Copy number segregation in R1 progeny of 2, 3, 4 and 5 pRi1724 copies was confirmed, indicating that the evaluation of the breeding value of first generation Ri lines is possible through CNV and FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siel Desmet
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Van Laere
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
| | - Emmy Dhooghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Melle, Belgium
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Veremeichik GN, Gorpenchenko TY, Rusapetova TV, Brodovskaya EV, Tchernoded GK, Bulgakov DV, Shkryl YN, Bulgakov VP. Auxin-dependent regulation of growth via rolB-induced modulation of the ROS metabolism in the long-term cultivated pRiA4-transformed Rubiacordifolia L. calli. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107932. [PMID: 37557016 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer from Agrobacterium to plants is the best studied example of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The rol genes of A. rhizogenes (Rhizobium rhizogenes) provide uncontrolled root growth, or "hairy root" syndrome, the main diagnostic feature. In the present study, we investigated the stable pRiA4-transformed callus culture of Rubia cordifolia L. While untransformed callus cultures need PGRs (plant growth regulators) as an obligatory supplement, pRiA4 calli is able to achieve long-term PGR-free cultivation. For the first time, we described the pRiA4-transformed callus cultures' PGR-dependent ROS status, growth, and specialized metabolism. As we have shown, expression of the rolA and rolB but not the rolC genes is contradictory in a PGR-dependent manner. Moreover, a PGR-free pRiA4 transformed cell line is characterised as more anthraquinone (AQ) productive than an untransformed cell culture. These findings pertain to actual plant biotechnology: it could be the solution to troubles in choosing the best PGR combination for the cultivation of some rare, medicinal, and woody plants; wild-type Ri-plants and tissue cultures may become freed from legal controls on genetically modified organisms in the future. We propose possible PGR-dependent relationships between rolA and rolB as well as ROS signalling targets. The present study highlighted the high importance of the rolA gene in the regulation of combined rol gene effects and the large knowledge gap in rolA action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Y Gorpenchenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Rusapetova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Brodovskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Galina K Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Yurii N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Victor P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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Veremeichik GN, Bulgakov DV, Solomatina TO, Makhazen DS. In the interkingdom horizontal gene transfer, the small rolA gene is a big mystery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2097-2109. [PMID: 36881118 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological function of the agrobacterial oncogene rolA is very poorly understood compared to other components of the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer during agrobacterial colonization of plants. Research groups around the world have worked on this problem, and available information is reviewed in this review, but other rol oncogenes have been studied much more thoroughly. Having one unexplored element makes it impossible to form a complete picture. However, the limited data suggest that the rolA oncogene and its regulatory apparatus have great potential in plant biotechnology and genetic engineering. Here, we collect and discuss available experimental data about the function and structure of rolA. There is still no clear understanding of the mechanism of RolA and its structure and localization. We believe this is because of the nucleotide structure of a frameshift in the most well-studied rolA gene of the agropine type pRi. In fact, interest in the genes of agrobacteria as natural tools for the phenotypic or biochemical engineering of plants increased. We believe that a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms will be forthcoming. KEY POINTS: • Among pRi T-DNA oncogenes, rolA is the least understood in spite of many studies. • Frameshift may be the reason for the failure to elucidate the role of agropine rolA. • Understanding of rolA is promising for the phenotypic and biochemical engineering of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Branch, FGBUN FNC Bioraznoobrazia nazemnoj bioty Vostocnoj Azii Dal'nevostocnogo otdelenia Rossijskoj akademii nauk, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii V Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Branch, FGBUN FNC Bioraznoobrazia nazemnoj bioty Vostocnoj Azii Dal'nevostocnogo otdelenia Rossijskoj akademii nauk, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Taisia O Solomatina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Branch, FGBUN FNC Bioraznoobrazia nazemnoj bioty Vostocnoj Azii Dal'nevostocnogo otdelenia Rossijskoj akademii nauk, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S Makhazen
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Branch, FGBUN FNC Bioraznoobrazia nazemnoj bioty Vostocnoj Azii Dal'nevostocnogo otdelenia Rossijskoj akademii nauk, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
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Warabieda M, Kuzmanović N, Trzciński P, Puławska J. Agrobacterium cucumeris sp. nov. isolated from crazy roots on cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126402. [PMID: 36753852 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three plant rhizogenic strains O132T, O115 and O34 isolated from Cucumis sp. L. were assessed for taxonomic affiliation by using polyphasic taxonomic methods. Based on the results of the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the three housekeeping genes atpD, recA and rpoB, all the strains were clustered within the genus Agrobacterium where they form a novel branch. Their closest relative was Agrobacterium tomkonis (genomospecies G3). Moreover, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) comparisons between strains O132T and O34 and their closest relatives provided evidence that they constitute a new species, because the obtained values were significantly below the threshold considered as a borderline for the species delineation. Whole-genome phylogenomic analysis also indicated that the cucumber strains are located within the separate, well-delineated biovar 1 sub-clade of the genus Agrobacterium. Furthermore, the physiological and biochemical properties of these strains allowed to distinguish them from their closest related species of the genus Agrobacterium. As a result of the performed overall characterization, we propose a new species as Agrobacterium cucumeris sp. nov., with O132T (=CFBP 8997T = LMG 32451T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Warabieda
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Department of Phytopathology, ul. Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Nemanja Kuzmanović
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paweł Trzciński
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Department of Phytopathology, ul. Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Joanna Puławska
- The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Department of Phytopathology, ul. Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
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Abstract
We hereby present the first descriptions of human-invasive infections caused by Escherichia marmotae, a recently described species that encompasses the former “Escherichia cryptic clade V.” We describe four cases, one acute sepsis of unknown origin, one postoperative sepsis after cholecystectomy, one spondylodiscitis, and one upper urinary tract infection. Cases were identified through unsystematic queries in a single clinical lab over 6 months. Through genome sequencing of the causative strains combined with available genomes from elsewhere, we demonstrate Es. marmotae to be a likely ubiquitous species containing genotypic virulence traits associated with Escherichia pathogenicity. The invasive isolates were scattered among isolates from a range of nonhuman sources in the phylogenetic analyses, thus indicating inherent virulence in multiple lineages. Pan genome analyses indicate that Es. marmotae has a large accessory genome and is likely to obtain ecologically advantageous traits, such as genes encoding antimicrobial resistance. Reliable identification might be possible by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), but relevant spectra are missing in commercial databases. It can be identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Escherichia marmotae could represent a relatively common human pathogen, and improved diagnostics will provide a better understanding of its clinical importance. IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli is the most common pathogen found in blood cultures and urine and among the most important pathogenic species in the realm of human health. The notion that some of these isolates are not Es. coli but rather another species within the same genus may have implications for what Es. coli constitutes. We only recently have obtained methods to separate the two species, which means that possible differences in important clinical aspects, such as antimicrobial resistance rates, virulence, and phylogenetic structure, may exist. We believe that Es. marmotae as a common pathogen is new merely because we have not looked or bothered to distinguish between the thousands of invasive Escherichia passing through microbiological laboratories each day.
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Desmet S, Dhooghe E, De Keyser E, Van Huylenbroeck J, Geelen D. Compact shoot architecture of Osteospermum fruticosum transformed with Rhizobium rhizogenes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1665-1678. [PMID: 34052885 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improved compact shoot architecture of Osteospermum fruticosum Ri lines obtained through Rhizobium rhizogenes transformation reduces the need for chemical growth retardants. Compactness is for many ornamental crops an important commercial trait that is usually obtained through the application of growth retardants. Here, we have adopted a genetic strategy to introduce compactness in the perennial shrub Cape daisy (Osteospermum fruticosum Norl.). To this end, O. fruticosum was transformed using six different wild type Rhizobium rhizogenes strains. The most effective R. rhizogenes strains Arqua1 and ATCC15834 were used to create hairy root cultures from six Cape daisy genotypes. These root cultures were regenerated to produce transgenic Ri lines, which were analyzed for compactness. Ri lines displayed the characteristic Ri phenotype, i.e., reduced plant height, increased branching, shortened internodes, shortened peduncles, and smaller flowers. Evaluation of the Ri lines under commercial production conditions showed that similar compactness was obtained as the original Cape daisy genotypes treated with growth retardant. The results suggest that the use of chemical growth retardants may be omitted or reduced in commercial production systems of Cape daisy through implementation of Ri lines in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siel Desmet
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Emmy Dhooghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food Research (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Favero BT, Tan Y, Lin Y, Hansen HB, Shadmani N, Xu J, He J, Müller R, Almeida A, Lütken H. Transgenic Kalanchoë blossfeldiana, Containing Individual rol Genes and Open Reading Frames Under 35S Promoter, Exhibit Compact Habit, Reduced Plant Growth, and Altered Ethylene Tolerance in Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672023. [PMID: 34025708 PMCID: PMC8138453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reduced growth habit is a desirable trait for ornamental potted plants and can successfully be obtained through Rhizobium rhizogenes transformation in a stable and heritable manner. Additionally, it can also be obtained by transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring specific genes from R. rhizogenes. The bacterial T-DNA harbors four root oncogenic loci (rol) genes and 14 less known open reading frames (ORFs). The four rol genes, i.e., rolA, rolB, rolC, and rolD, are conceived as the common denominator for the compact phenotype and the other less characterized ORFs seem auxiliary but present a potential breeding target for less aberrant and/or more tailored phenotypes. In this study, Kalanchoë blossfeldiana 'Molly' was transformed with individual rol genes and selected ORFs in 35S overexpressing cassettes to comprehensively characterize growth traits, gene copy and expression, and ethylene tolerance of the flowers. An association of reduced growth habit, e.g. height and diameter, was observed for rolB2 and ORF14-2 when a transgene single copy and high gene expression were detected. Chlorophyll content was reduced in overexpressing lines compared to wild type (WT), except for one ΔORF13a (a truncated ORF13a, where SPXX DNA-binding motif is absent). The flower number severely decreased in the overexpressing lines compared to WT. The anthesis timing showed that WT opened the first flower at 68.9 ± 0.9 days and the overexpressing lines showed similar or up to 24 days delay in flowering. In general, a single or low relative gene copy insertion was correlated to higher gene expression, ca. 3 to 5-fold, in rolB and ΔORF13a lines, while in ORF14 such relation was not directly linked. The increased gene expression observed in rolB2 and ΔORF13a-2 contributed to reducing plant growth and a more compact habit. Tolerance of detached flowers to 0.5 μl L-1 ethylene was markedly higher for ORF14 with 66% less flower closure at day 3 compared to WT. The subcellular localization of rolC and ΔORF13a was investigated by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and confocal images showed that rolC and ΔORF13a are soluble and localize in the cytoplasm being able to enter the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Trevenzoli Favero
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Yi Tan
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Yan Lin
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Hanne Bøge Hansen
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Nasim Shadmani
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Junou He
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Renate Müller
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Aldo Almeida
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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Desmet S, Dhooghe E, De Keyser E, Quataert P, Eeckhaut T, Van Huylenbroeck J, Geelen D. Segregation of rol Genes in Two Generations of Sinningia speciosa Engineered Through Wild Type Rhizobium rhizogenes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:859. [PMID: 32676085 PMCID: PMC7333734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobium rhizogenes infects and transforms a wide range of plant species. It thereby introduces new genes located on transfer-DNA of the root inducing plasmid (pRi) into the plant genome and one of its abilities is to alter the host root system. Explants from pRi transformed roots from Sinningia speciosa were regenerated to create naturally transgenic Ri lines. The presence of rol and aux genes in the Ri lines was linked with altered growth characteristics: shorter peduncles, wrinkled leaves, delayed flowering and enhanced root growth. The potential of Ri lines for breeding was evaluated through consecutive backcrossing with the original host genotype. The progeny of reciprocal crosses showed non-Mendelian inheritance suggesting partial transmission of the of the aux and rol genes. The typical Ri phenotype observed in the primary Ri line was partially inherited. These results revealed that the Ri phenotype is a complex trait influenced by the genetic background of the Ri line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siel Desmet
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmy Dhooghe
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Paul Quataert
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Tom Eeckhaut
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Huylenbroeck
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Research, Melle, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rhizogenic agrobacteria as an innovative tool for plant breeding: current achievements and limitations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2435-2451. [PMID: 32002599 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compact plant growth is an economically important trait for many crops. In practice, compactness is frequently obtained by applying chemical plant growth regulators. In view of sustainable and environmental-friendly plant production, the search for viable alternatives is a priority for breeders. Co-cultivation and natural transformation using rhizogenic agrobacteria result in morphological alterations which together compose the Ri phenotype. This phenotype is known to exhibit a more compact plant habit, besides other features. In this review, we highlight the use of rhizogenic agrobacteria and the Ri phenotype with regard to sustainable plant production and plant breeding. An overview of described Ri lines and current breeding applications is presented. The potential of Ri lines as pre-breeding material is discussed from both a practical and legal point of view.
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