The location of the peroneus longus tendon in the cuboid groove: sonographic study in various positions of the ankle-foot in asymptomatic volunteers

Anthropometric Analysis of Cuboid Bones in a South Indian Population

Purpose Cuboid bone and its fibromuscular supports maintain the lateral longitudinal arch in weight transmission during different gait cycle phases. Morphometry of the cuboid bone is essential for designing a cuboid prosthesis for foot reconstruction and establishing an individual's biological profile. The present study aims to assess the morphology and morphometry of the cuboid bone. Materials and methods The study used 103 cuboid bones (right 50, left 53) of unknown sex. Different shapes of cuboid articular facets were observed, and the morphometric parameters such as length, breadth, and height of cuboid, and the dimensions of articular facets in cuboid (calcaneal facet, fourth and fifth metatarsal facets, ecto-cuneiform facet, navicular facet, and facet for os peroneum) were analyzed. Results The mean length, breadth, and height of the cuboid bone were 33.69 ± 2.61 mm, 25.43 ± 2.87 mm, and 23.03 ± 2.43 mm, respectively. The mean transverse and vertical diameters were 23.22 ± 2.4 mm and 15.97 ± 1.85 mm, respectively. Facet for os peroneum was observed in 74.76% and for navicular bone in 26.2%. The mean transverse and vertical diameters were 7.16 ± 2.08 and 6.78 ± 1.78 mm, respectively. The depth of the peroneal groove was 4.30 ± 1.11 mm. Conclusion The morphometric data from the present study could assist in preoperative planning and designing of prostheses for foot reconstruction, and in establishing the biological profile of an individual, which can help the anthropologists in identifying the unknown remains.

The peroneus longus muscle and tendon: a review of its anatomy and pathology

This article will review the anatomy and common pathologies affecting the peroneus longus muscle and tendon. The anatomy of the peroneus longus is complex and its long course can result in symptomatology referable to the lower leg, ankle, hindfoot, and plantar foot. Proximally, the peroneus longus muscle lies within the lateral compartment of the lower leg with its distal myotendinous junction arising just above the level of the ankle. The distal peroneus longus tendon has a long course and makes two sharp turns at the lateral ankle and hindfoot before inserting at the medial plantar foot. A spectrum of pathology can occur in these regions. At the lower leg, peroneus longus muscle injuries (e.g., denervation) along with retromalleolar tendon instability/subluxation will be discussed. More distally, along the lateral calcaneus and cuboid tunnel, peroneus longus tendinosis and tears, tenosynovitis, and painful os peroneum syndrome (POPS) will be covered. Pathology of the peroneus longus will be illustrated using clinical case examples along its entire length; these will help the radiologist understand and interpret common peroneus longus disorders.