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Laurell T, Nilsson D, Hofmeister W, Lindstrand A, Ahituv N, Vandermeer J, Amilon A, Annerén G, Arner M, Pettersson M, Jäntti N, Rosberg HE, Cattini PA, Nordenskjöld A, Mäkitie O, Grigelioniene G, Nordgren A. Identification of three novel FGF16 mutations in X-linked recessive fusion of the fourth and fifth metacarpals and possible correlation with heart disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:402-11. [PMID: 25333065 PMCID: PMC4190875 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations in FGF16 have recently been linked to X-linked recessive hand malformations with fusion between the fourth and the fifth metacarpals and hypoplasia of the fifth digit (MF4; MIM#309630). The purpose of this study was to perform careful clinical phenotyping and to define molecular mechanisms behind X-linked recessive MF4 in three unrelated families. We performed whole-exome sequencing, and identified three novel mutations in FGF16. The functional impact of FGF16 loss was further studied using morpholino-based suppression of fgf16 in zebrafish. In addition, clinical investigations revealed reduced penetrance and variable expressivity of the MF4 phenotype. Cardiac disorders, including myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation followed the X-linked FGF16 mutated trait in one large family. Our findings establish that a mutation in exon 1, 2 or 3 of FGF16 results in X-linked recessive MF4 and expand the phenotypic spectrum of FGF16 mutations to include a possible correlation with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Laurell
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Hand Surgery, Södersjukhuset Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden ; Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet Science Park Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Hofmeister
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco ; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco San Francisco
| | - Julia Vandermeer
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco ; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco San Francisco
| | - Anders Amilon
- Department of Hand Surgery, Örebro University Hospital Örebro, Sweden
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marianne Arner
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Hand Surgery, Södersjukhuset Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Jäntti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Eric Rosberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö Section of Hand Surgery, Lund University Malmö, Sweden ; Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Agneta Nordenskjöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Unit of Paediatric Surgery Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden ; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden
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