9.4 T static magnetic field ameliorates imatinib mesylate-induced toxicity and depression in mice

Effects of Static and Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields on Gene Expression

Substantial research over the past two decades has established that magnetic fields affect fundamental cellular processes, including gene expression. However, since biological cells and subcellular components exhibit diamagnetic behavior and are therefore subjected to very small magnetic forces that cannot directly compete with the viscoelastic and bioelectric intracellular forces responsible for cellular machinery functions, it becomes challenging to understand cell-magnetic field interactions and to reveal the mechanisms through which these interactions differentially influence gene expression in cells. The limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying biomagnetic effects has hindered progress in developing effective therapeutic applications of magnetic fields. This review examines the expanding body of literature on genetic events during static and low-frequency magnetic field exposure, focusing particularly on how changes in gene expression interact with cellular machinery. To address this, we conducted a systematic review utilizing extensive search strategies across multiple databases. We explore the intracellular mechanisms through which transcription functions may be modified by a magnetic field in contexts where other cellular signaling pathways are also activated by the field. This review summarizes key findings in the field, outlines the connections between magnetic fields and gene expression changes, identifies critical gaps in current knowledge, and proposes directions for future research. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.

The Effects of Moderate to High Static Magnetic Fields on Pancreatic Damage

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic damage is a common digestive system disease with no specific drugs. Static magnetic field (SMF), the key component of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has demonstrated prominent effects in various disease models.

PURPOSE

To study the effects of 0.1-9.4 T SMFs on pancreatic injury induced by alcohol, and acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by L-arginine (L-Arg).

STUDY TYPE

Prospective, animal model.

ANIMAL MODEL

Twelve healthy C57BL/6J male mice, 30 AP model male mice, and 30 alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) model male mice.

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE

1.5-9.4 T SMFs for 12 hours and 0.1 T SMF for 72 hours. No imaging sequence was used.

ASSESSMENT

Histological analysis on AALD mice pancreas was conducted. For L-Arg-induced AP mice, their body weight, food/water consumption, open field behavior, blood analysis, as well as histological analysis, inflammatory, oxidative stress of the pancreas were measured. In vitro cellular experiments were also conducted.

STATISTICAL TESTS

Data are presented as means ± SD and analyzed using the two-tailed Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

1.5-7 T SMFs significantly reduced alcohol-induced pancreatic damage, increasing the structurally intact acinar area from 51.5% to 78.3%, whereas the effect of 9.4 T SMF is not obvious. 0.1 T SMF can reduce the AP mice lethality, increase the structurally intact acinar area from 31.0% to 59.7%, associated with the reduced pancreatic inflammatory responses (78.1% reduction of F4/80 and 80.0% reduction of MPO), 20.0% decreased oxidative stress and 53.2% reduced pancreatic cell apoptosis.

DATA CONCLUSION

High-field MRI may be safe for pancreatic-related diseases at the animal level. SMFs have a future potential to be developed as non-invasive and highly penetrating physical modalities for the treatment of pancreatic injury including AP.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

This study aims to evaluate the safety and potential therapeutic effects of moderate- to high-intensity static magnetic fields (SMFs) on mice with pancreatic injury. Their findings revealed that SMFs between 1.5 and 7 Tesla (T) helped reduce alcohol-induced pancreatic damage, while a stronger 9.4 T showed no effect. Interestingly, for mice with L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis, a weaker 0.1 T significantly increased the area of healthy acinar cells from 31.0% to 59.7%. These results not only suggest that MRI-related SMFs are safe for pancreatic diseases in animals, but also unravel the potential of SMFs as a future treatment option for pancreatic disorders.

EVIDENCE LEVEL

N/A TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.

A safety study on ultra‑high or moderate static magnetic fields combined with platycodin D against lung cancer

Due to the serious side effects of chemotherapy drugs against lung cancer, and the antitumor properties and high safety of magnetic fields, the present study combined moderate or ultra-high intensity statics magnetic fields (SMFs) with platycodin D (PD) to explore the antitumor efficiency and biosafety. The antitumor effects of PD with or without moderate and ultra-high SMFs on A549 cells bearing mice were compared. Mouse body weight, food/water intake, hematology routine, blood biochemistry, tumor weight and tissues hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were examined. Behavior was measured using the elevated plus maze, open field and vital signs tests. The combined targets of PD and SMFs were detected using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the antitumor effect of 22 Tesla (T) SMF group was 3.6-fold higher compared with that of the 2 mg/kg PD group (tumor growth inhibition=10.08%), while the antitumor effect of 150 mT SMF was only 1.56-fold higher compared with that of PD. Although PD reduced the food intake, there was no significant difference in body weight, water intake or food consumption among PD and SMF groups. Behavioral results indicated that PD ameliorated dysphoria in mice, but SMFs reduced this effect. However, no significant abnormalities were found in routine blood, blood biochemistry test, H&E staining or organ index, except renal index which was reduced by PD with or without SMFs. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) demonstrated that SMFs and PD synergistically targeted the expression of genes associated with tumor growth, inflammation and neurological disease. The present study showed the antitumor efficacy and biosafety of moderate or ultra-high SMF combined with PD, which exhibited only few side effects in the treatment of lung cancer, thus supporting further research for the clinical application of magnetic fields.

Ultra-high static magnetic fields cause immunosuppression through disrupting B-cell peripheral differentiation and negatively regulating BCR signaling

To increase the imaging resolution and detection capability, the field strength of static magnetic fields (SMFs) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly increased in the past few decades. However, research on the side effects of high magnetic field is still very inadequate and the effects of SMF above 1 T (Tesla) on B cells have never been reported. Here, we show that 33.0 T ultra-high SMF exposure causes immunosuppression and disrupts B cell differentiation and signaling. 33.0 T SMF treatment resulted in disturbance of B cell peripheral differentiation and antibody secretion and reduced the expression of IgM on B cell membrane, and these might be intensity dependent. In addition, mice exposed to 33.0 T SMF showed inhibition on early activation of B cells, including B cell spreading, B cell receptor clustering and signalosome recruitment, and depression of both positive and negative molecules in the proximal BCR signaling, as well as impaired actin reorganization. Sequencing and gene enrichment analysis showed that SMF stimulation also affects splenic B cells' transcriptome and metabolic pathways. Therefore, in the clinical application of MRI, we should consider the influence of SMF on the immune system and choose the optimal intensity for treatment.

Static Magnetic Fields Protect against Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Toxicity

Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anti-cancer drugs that can effectively inhibit the growth of multiple types of cancer. However, its clinical application is limited by its severe side effects, especially kidney toxicity, caused by cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and kidney cell apoptosis. Here, we found that moderate (a few hundred mT) quasi-uniform static magnetic fields (SMFs) could inhibit cisplatin-induced renal proximal tubular cell death, especially the vertically downward direction SMF. RNA-seq experiments demonstrate that SMFs induced differential gene expressions that are closely associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, cytokine production, transmembrane transport and DNA repair. In vivo experiments show that SMFs can reduce cisplatin-induced kidney injury in cisplatin-administrated tumor-bearing mice by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, high-dose cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity can be effectively alleviated by SMF treatment of as little as one day, which significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species levels in kidneys and prolonged the mice's survival. Moreover, the concentration of cisplatin in the kidney was significantly attenuated in SMF-treated mice. Therefore, our study demonstrates the effects of moderate SMFs as a novel physical method to reduce oxidative stress, and revealed their future potential to be used against cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity in cancer treatment.