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The Genetic Background of Endometriosis: Can ESR2 and CYP19A1 Genes Be a Potential Risk Factor for Its Development? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218235. [PMID: 33153202 PMCID: PMC7663510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial foci, localized beyond their primary site, i.e., the uterine cavity. The etiology of this disease is rather complex. Its development is supported by hormonal, immunological, and environmental factors. During recent years, particular attention has been focused on the genetic mechanisms that may be of particular significance for the increased incidence rates of endometriosis. According to most recent studies, ESR2 and CYP19A1 genes may account for the potential risk factors of infertility associated with endometriosis. The paper presents a thorough review of the latest reports and data concerning the genetic background of the risk for endometriosis development.
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Cardoso JV, Perini JA, Machado DE, Pinto R, Medeiros R. Systematic review of genome-wide association studies on susceptibility to endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 255:74-82. [PMID: 33113402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex and heterogeneous disease in which extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as genetics, provide to the disease development. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies may be essential to recognize genetic variants associated with the endometriosis risk. However, in the current literature there are some conflicting results between these studies. The aim of the present study was to undertake a systematic review about endometriosis GWA studies, to describe the disease-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to try to understand the endometriosis etiopathogenesis, besides to discuss possible bias of conflicting results among these studies. This study is a systematic review of GWA studies in endometriosis published until December 31th, 2019 by PubMed database, considering the following descriptors: endometriosis and ("polymorphism" or "SNP" or "genetic polymorphism" or "variants" or "locus") and ("GWA" or "Genome-wide" or "Genome wide" or "Genetic association study"). The included studies were analyzed with methodological rigor (STROBE and PRISMA) to enable better quality of case-control and meta-analysis studies, respectively. Of the 88 articles found, only 15 were eligible. All articles had appropriate quality evaluated by STROBE and PRISMA checklists (77% and 81%, respectively). Overall, 35,022 endometriosis cases and 181,760 controls were analyzed. The number of participants in each study was quite different (171 to 17,045 for the cases and 308 to 150,021 for the controls), with a predominance of European ethnicity. Most endometriosis cases (86%) were diagnosed by surgery, while selection of the control group was different among studies. About 47% performed only one stage (discovery stage) and 53% performed both the discovery and replication analyses. Eleven genes/SNPs were associated with endometriosis risk in more than one article (chromosome 1, 2, 6, 7, 9 and 12; WNT4, GREB1, FN1, IL1A, ETAA1, RND3, ID4, NFE2L3, CDKN2B-AS1 and VEZT). SNPs were localized in intergenic and intronic regions, their risk allele frequencies varied among the studies and their results were conflicting. In summary, WNT4 rs7521902, GREB1 rs13394619, FN1 rs1250248, IL1A rs6542095 and VEZT rs10859871 variants are highlighted due to high frequency and pathways and function that each gene influences in the development of endometriosis. However, the replication and validation of these variants in different populations are necessary for a better understanding of the endometriosis etiopathogenesis, in order to optimize the diagnosis and improve the efficiency of clinical treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Vilarinho Cardoso
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Centre of the West Zone, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jamila Alessandra Perini
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Centre of the West Zone, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Program of Post-graduation in Public Health and Environment, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Escorsim Machado
- Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University Centre of the West Zone, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology Group-CI, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology Group-CI, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal
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Heymann MF, Schiavone K, Heymann D. Bone sarcomas in the immunotherapy era. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:1955-1972. [PMID: 31975481 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are primary bone tumours found mainly in children and adolescents, as osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, and in adults in their 40s as chondrosarcoma. The last four decades the development of therapeutic approaches was based on drug combinations have shown no real improvement in overall survival. Recently oncoimmunology has allowed a better understand of the crucial role played by the immune system in the oncologic process. This led to clinical trials with the aim of reprogramming the immune system to facilitate cancer cell recognition. Immune infiltrates of bone sarcomas have been characterized and their molecular profiling identified as immune therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, the clinical responses in trials remain anecdotal but highlight the necessity to improve the characterization of tumour micro-environment to unlock the immunotherapeutic response, especially in their paediatric forms. Bone sarcomas have entered the immunotherapy era and here we overview the recent developments in immunotherapies in these sarcomas. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,"Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine", Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kristina Schiavone
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,"Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine", Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,"Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine", Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint Herblain, France.,INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Systems-guided forward genetic screen reveals a critical role of the replication stress response protein ETAA1 in T cell clonal expansion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5216-E5225. [PMID: 28607084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705795114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunity requires extremely rapid clonal proliferation of rare, antigen-specific T lymphocytes to form effector cells. Here we identify a critical role for ETAA1 in this process by surveying random germ line mutations in mice using exome sequencing and bioinformatic annotation to prioritize mutations in genes of unknown function with potential effects on the immune system, followed by breeding to homozygosity and testing for immune system phenotypes. Effector CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell formation following immunization, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, or herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) infection was profoundly decreased despite normal immune cell development in adult mice homozygous for two different Etaa1 mutations: an exon 2 skipping allele that deletes Gly78-Leu119, and a Cys166Stop truncating allele that eliminates most of the 877-aa protein. ETAA1 deficiency decreased clonal expansion cell autonomously within the responding T cells, causing no decrease in their division rate but increasing TP53-induced mRNAs and phosphorylation of H2AX, a marker of DNA replication stress induced by the ATM and ATR kinases. Homozygous ETAA1-deficient adult mice were otherwise normal, healthy, and fertile, although slightly smaller, and homozygotes were born at lower frequency than expected, consistent with partial lethality after embryonic day 12. Taken together with recently reported evidence in human cancer cell lines that ETAA1 activates ATR kinase through an exon 2-encoded domain, these findings reveal a surprisingly specific requirement for this ATR activator in adult mice restricted to rapidly dividing effector T cells. This specific requirement may provide new ways to suppress pathological T-cell responses in transplantation or autoimmunity.
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Lee YC, Zhou Q, Chen J, Yuan J. RPA-Binding Protein ETAA1 Is an ATR Activator Involved in DNA Replication Stress Response. Curr Biol 2016; 26:3257-3268. [PMID: 27818175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ETAA1 (Ewing tumor-associated antigen 1), also known as ETAA16, was identified as a tumor-specific antigen in the Ewing family of tumors. However, the biological function of this protein remains unknown. Here, we report the identification of ETAA1 as a DNA replication stress response protein. ETAA1 specifically interacts with RPA (Replication protein A) via two conserved RPA-binding domains and is therefore recruited to stalled replication forks. Interestingly, further analysis of ETAA1 function revealed that ETAA1 participates in the activation of ATR signaling pathway via a conserved ATR-activating domain (AAD) located near its N terminus. Importantly, we demonstrate that both RPA binding and ATR activation are required for ETAA1 function at stalled replication forks to maintain genome stability. Therefore, our data suggest that ETAA1 is a new ATR activator involved in replication checkpoint control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Cho Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Activation of the ATR kinase by the RPA-binding protein ETAA1. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1196-1207. [PMID: 27723717 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the ATR kinase following perturbations to DNA replication relies on a complex mechanism involving ATR recruitment to RPA-coated single-stranded DNA via its binding partner ATRIP and stimulation of ATR kinase activity by TopBP1. Here, we discovered an independent ATR activation pathway in vertebrates, mediated by the uncharacterized protein ETAA1 (Ewing's tumour-associated antigen 1). Human ETAA1 accumulates at DNA damage sites via dual RPA-binding motifs and promotes replication fork progression and integrity, ATR signalling and cell survival after genotoxic insults. Mechanistically, this requires a conserved domain in ETAA1 that potently and directly stimulates ATR kinase activity independently of TopBP1. Simultaneous loss of ETAA1 and TopBP1 gives rise to synthetic lethality characterized by massive genome instability and abrogation of ATR-dependent signalling. Our findings demonstrate that parallel TopBP1- and ETAA1-mediated pathways underlie ATR activation and that their combined action is essential for coping with replication stress.
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ETAA1 acts at stalled replication forks to maintain genome integrity. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1185-1195. [PMID: 27723720 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ATR checkpoint kinase coordinates cellular responses to DNA replication stress. Budding yeast contain three activators of Mec1 (the ATR orthologue); however, only TOPBP1 is known to activate ATR in vertebrates. We identified ETAA1 as a replication stress response protein in two proteomic screens. ETAA1-deficient cells accumulate double-strand breaks, sister chromatid exchanges, and other hallmarks of genome instability. They are also hypersensitive to replication stress and have increased frequencies of replication fork collapse. ETAA1 contains two RPA-interaction motifs that localize ETAA1 to stalled replication forks. It also interacts with several DNA damage response proteins including the BLM/TOP3α/RMI1/RMI2 and ATR/ATRIP complexes. It binds ATR/ATRIP directly using a motif with sequence similarity to the TOPBP1 ATR-activation domain; and like TOPBP1, ETAA1 acts as a direct ATR activator. ETAA1 functions in parallel to the TOPBP1/RAD9/HUS1/RAD1 pathway to regulate ATR and maintain genome stability. Thus, vertebrate cells contain at least two ATR-activating proteins.
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Zondervan KT, Rahmioglu N, Morris AP, Nyholt DR, Montgomery GW, Becker CM, Missmer SA. Beyond Endometriosis Genome-Wide Association Study: From Genomics to Phenomics to the Patient. Semin Reprod Med 2016; 34:242-54. [PMID: 27513026 PMCID: PMC5693320 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1585408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a heritable, complex chronic inflammatory disease, for which much of the causal pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to date have identified 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 10 independent genetic loci associated with endometriosis. Most of these were more strongly associated with revised American Fertility Society stage III/IV, rather than stage I/II. The loci are almost all located in intergenic regions that are known to play a role in the regulation of expression of target genes yet to be identified. To identify the target genes and pathways perturbed by the implicated variants, studies are required involving functional genomic annotation of the surrounding chromosomal regions, in terms of transcription factor binding, epigenetic modification (e.g., DNA methylation and histone modification) sites, as well as their correlation with RNA transcription. These studies need to be conducted in tissue types relevant to endometriosis-in particular, endometrium. In addition, to allow biologically and clinically relevant interpretation of molecular profiling data, they need to be combined and correlated with detailed, systematically collected phenotypic information (surgical and clinical). The WERF Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project is a global standardization initiative that has produced consensus data and sample collection protocols for endometriosis research. These now pave the way for collaborative studies integrating phenomic with genomic data, to identify informative subtypes of endometriosis that will enhance understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and discovery of novel, targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krina T. Zondervan
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Dept of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Dept of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, 1st floor Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dale R. Nyholt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Rd, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian M. Becker
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Dept of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stacey A. Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Although relatively rare, pancreatic tumors are highly lethal [1]. In the United States, an estimated 48,960 individuals will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and 40,560 will die from this disease in 2015 [1]. Globally, 337,872 new pancreatic cancer cases and 330,391 deaths were estimated in 2012 [2]. In contrast to most other cancers, mortality rates for pancreatic cancer are not improving; in the US, it is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer related deaths by 2030 [3, 4]. The vast majority of tumors arise in the exocrine pancreas, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounting for approximately 95% of tumors. Tumors arising in the endocrine pancreas (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors) represent less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors [5]. Smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), obesity and pancreatitis are the most consistent epidemiological risk factors for pancreatic cancer [5]. Family history is also a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.7-2.3 for first-degree relatives in most studies, indicating that shared genetic factors may play a role in the etiology of this disease [6-9]. This review summarizes the current knowledge of germline pancreatic cancer risk variants with a special emphasis on common susceptibility alleles identified through Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laufey T Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Abstract
Endometriosis is a heritable complex disorder that is influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Identification of these genetic factors will aid a better understanding of the underlying biology of the disease. In this article, we describe different methods of studying genetic variation of endometriosis, summarize results from genetic studies performed to date and provide recommendations for future studies to uncover additional factors contributing to the heritable component of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Childs EJ, Mocci E, Campa D, Bracci PM, Gallinger S, Goggins M, Li D, Neale RE, Olson SH, Scelo G, Amundadottir LT, Bamlet WR, Bijlsma MF, Blackford A, Borges M, Brennan P, Brenner H, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Canzian F, Capurso G, Cavestro GM, Chaffee KG, Chanock SJ, Cleary SP, Cotterchio M, Foretova L, Fuchs C, Funel N, Gazouli M, Hassan M, Herman JM, Holcatova I, Holly EA, Hoover RN, Hung RJ, Janout V, Key TJ, Kupcinskas J, Kurtz RC, Landi S, Lu L, Malecka-Panas E, Mambrini A, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Neoptolemos JP, Oberg AL, Orlow I, Pasquali C, Pezzilli R, Rizzato C, Saldia A, Scarpa A, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Strobel O, Tavano F, Vashist YK, Vodicka P, Wolpin BM, Yu H, Petersen GM, Risch HA, Klein AP. Common variation at 2p13.3, 3q29, 7p13 and 17q25.1 associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. Nat Genet 2015; 47:911-6. [PMID: 26098869 PMCID: PMC4520746 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the developed world. Both inherited high-penetrance mutations in BRCA2 (ref. 2), ATM, PALB2 (ref. 4), BRCA1 (ref. 5), STK11 (ref. 6), CDKN2A and mismatch-repair genes and low-penetrance loci are associated with increased risk. To identify new risk loci, we performed a genome-wide association study on 9,925 pancreatic cancer cases and 11,569 controls, including 4,164 newly genotyped cases and 3,792 controls in 9 studies from North America, Central Europe and Australia. We identified three newly associated regions: 17q25.1 (LINC00673, rs11655237, odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-1.34, P = 1.42 × 10(-14)), 7p13 (SUGCT, rs17688601, OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.84-0.92, P = 1.41 × 10(-8)) and 3q29 (TP63, rs9854771, OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.85-0.93, P = 2.35 × 10(-8)). We detected significant association at 2p13.3 (ETAA1, rs1486134, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.09-1.19, P = 3.36 × 10(-9)), a region with previous suggestive evidence in Han Chinese. We replicated previously reported associations at 9q34.2 (ABO), 13q22.1 (KLF5), 5p15.33 (TERT and CLPTM1), 13q12.2 (PDX1), 1q32.1 (NR5A2), 7q32.3 (LINC-PINT), 16q23.1 (BCAR1) and 22q12.1 (ZNRF3). Our study identifies new loci associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Childs
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evelina Mocci
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [2] Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Kelvin Grove,Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Laufey T Amundadottir
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William R Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda Blackford
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Borges
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- 1] Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. [2] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands. [3] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. [4] Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia M Cavestro
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Kari G Chaffee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean P Cleary
- 1] Department of Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- 1] Cancer Care Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2] Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Charles Fuchs
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Surgery, Unit of Experimental Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph M Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivana Holcatova
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth A Holly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Robert C Kurtz
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, Section of Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ewa Malecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrea Mambrini
- Department of Oncology, Azienda USL 1 Massa Carrara, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | | | - John P Neoptolemos
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Liverpool Clinical Trials Unit and Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Claudio Pasquali
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterology and Oncology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pezzilli
- Pancreas Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amethyst Saldia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET-Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Tavano
- Division of Gastroenterology and Research Laboratory, IRCCS Scientific Institute and Regional General Hospital 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Yogesh K Vashist
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- 1] Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. [2] Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Rahmioglu N, Nyholt DR, Morris AP, Missmer SA, Montgomery GW, Zondervan KT. Genetic variants underlying risk of endometriosis: insights from meta-analysis of eight genome-wide association and replication datasets. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:702-16. [PMID: 24676469 PMCID: PMC4132588 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a heritable common gynaecological condition influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have proved successful in identifying common genetic variants of moderate effects for various complex diseases. To date, eight GWAS and replication studies from multiple populations have been published on endometriosis. In this review, we investigate the consistency and heterogeneity of the results across all the studies and their implications for an improved understanding of the aetiology of the condition. METHODS Meta-analyses were conducted on four GWASs and four replication studies including a total of 11 506 cases and 32 678 controls, and on the subset of studies that investigated associations for revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) Stage III/IV including 2859 cases. The datasets included 9039 cases and 27 343 controls of European (Australia, Belgium, Italy, UK, USA) and 2467 cases and 5335 controls of Japanese ancestry. Fixed and Han and Elkin random-effects models, and heterogeneity statistics (Cochran's Q test), were used to investigate the evidence of the nine reported genome-wide significant loci across datasets and populations. RESULTS Meta-analysis showed that seven out of nine loci had consistent directions of effect across studies and populations, and six out of nine remained genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8), including rs12700667 on 7p15.2 (P = 1.6 × 10−9), rs7521902 near WNT4 (P = 1.8 × 10−15), rs10859871 near VEZT (P = 4.7 × 10−15), rs1537377 near CDKN2B-AS1 (P = 1.5 × 10−8), rs7739264 near ID4 (P = 6.2 × 10−10) and rs13394619 in GREB1 (P = 4.5 × 10−8). In addition to the six loci, two showed borderline genome-wide significant associations with Stage III/IV endometriosis, including rs1250248 in FN1 (P = 8 × 10−8) and rs4141819 on 2p14 (P = 9.2 × 10−8). Two independent inter-genic loci, rs4141819 and rs6734792 on chromosome 2, showed significant evidence of heterogeneity across datasets (P < 0.005). Eight of the nine loci had stronger effect sizes among Stage III/IV cases, implying that they are likely to be implicated in the development of moderate to severe, or ovarian, disease. While three out of nine loci were inter-genic, the remaining were in or near genes with known functions of biological relevance to endometriosis, varying from roles in developmental pathways to cellular growth/carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows remarkable consistency in endometriosis GWAS results across studies, with little evidence of population-based heterogeneity. They also show that the phenotypic classifications used in GWAS to date have been limited. Stronger associations with Stage III/IV disease observed for most loci emphasize the importance for future studies to include detailed sub-phenotype information. Functional studies in relevant tissues are needed to understand the effect of the variants on downstream biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Neurogenetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Molecular Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Adams A, McBratney-Owen B, Newby B, Bowen ME, Olsen BR, Warman ML. Presphenoidal synchondrosis fusion in DBA/2J mice. Mamm Genome 2012. [PMID: 23179633 PMCID: PMC3560942 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-012-9437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cranial base growth plates are important centers of longitudinal growth in the skull and are responsible for the proper anterior placement of the face and the stimulation of normal cranial vault development. We report that the presphenoidal synchondrosis (PSS), a midline growth plate of the cranial base, closes in the DBA/2J mouse strain but not in other common inbred strains. We investigated the genetics of PSS closure in DBA/2J mice by evaluating F1, F1 backcross, and/or F1 intercross offspring from matings with C57BL/6J and DBA/1J mice, whose PSS remain open. We observed that PSS closure is genetically determined, but not inherited as a simple Mendelian trait. Employing a genome-wide SNP array, we identified a region on chromosome 11 in the C57BL/6J strain that affected the frequency of PSS closure in F1 backcross and F1 intercross offspring. The equivalent region in the DBA/1J strain did not affect PSS closure in F1 intercross offspring. We conclude that PSS closure in the DBA/2J strain is complex and modified by different loci when outcrossed with C57BL/6J and DBA/1J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allysa Adams
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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