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Abildgaard C, Rizza S, Christiansen H, Schmidt S, Dahl C, Abdul-Al A, Christensen A, Filomeni G, Guldberg P. Screening of metabolic modulators identifies new strategies to target metabolic reprogramming in melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4390. [PMID: 33623106 PMCID: PMC7902673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma remains poor due to de novo or acquired resistance to immune and targeted therapies. Previous studies have shown that melanoma cells have perturbed metabolism and that cellular metabolic pathways represent potential therapeutic targets. To support the discovery of new drug candidates for melanoma, we examined 180 metabolic modulators, including phytochemicals and anti-diabetic compounds, for their growth-inhibitory activities against melanoma cells, alone and in combination with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Two positive hits from this screen, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and ursolic acid (UA), were subjected to validation and further characterization. Metabolic analysis showed that 4-MU affected cellular metabolism through inhibition of glycolysis and enhanced the effect of vemurafenib to reduce the growth of melanoma cells. In contrast, UA reduced mitochondrial respiration, accompanied by an increase in the glycolytic rate. This metabolic switch potentiated the growth-inhibitory effect of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate. Both drug combinations led to increased production of reactive oxygen species, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in the cellular response. These results support the potential use of metabolic modulators for combination therapies in cancer and may encourage preclinical validation and clinical testing of such treatment strategies in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Abildgaard
- Molecular Diagnostics Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lillebaelt Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Rizza
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Christiansen
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Lundbeckfonden Center of Excellence NanoCAN, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Christina Dahl
- Molecular Diagnostics Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Abdul-Al
- Molecular Diagnostics Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Christensen
- Molecular Diagnostics Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Guldberg
- Molecular Diagnostics Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Maccari G, Robinson J, Hammond JA, Marsh SGE. The IPD Project: a centralised resource for the study of polymorphism in genes of the immune system. Immunogenetics 2020; 72:49-55. [PMID: 31641782 PMCID: PMC6970959 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD), https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/, is a set of specialist databases that enable the study of polymorphic genes which function as part of the vertebrate immune system. The major focus is on the hyperpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes and the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes, by providing the official repository and primary source of sequence data. Databases are centred around humans as well as animals important for food security, for companionship and as disease models. The IPD project works with specialist groups or nomenclature committees who provide and manually curate individual sections before they are submitted for online publication. To reflect the recent advance of allele sequencing technologies and the increasing demands of novel tools for the analysis of genomic variation, the IPD project is undergoing a progressive redesign and reorganisation. In this review, recent updates and future developments are discussed, with a focus on the core concepts to better future-proof the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maccari
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - James Robinson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.
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Abstract
The IMGT/HLA Database has provided a repository for information regarding polymorphism in the genes of the immune system since 1998. In 2003, it was absorbed into the Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD). The IPD project has enabled us to create and maintain a platform for curating and publishing locus-specific databases which are either involved directly with, or relate to, the function of the Major Histocompatibility Complex across a number of species. In collaboration with specialist groups and nomenclature committees individual sections have been curated prior to their submission to the IPD for online publication. The IPD consists of five core databases, with the primary database being the IMGT/HLA Database. With the work of various nomenclature committees, the HLA Informatics Group, and alongside the European Bioinformatics Institute, we provide access to this data through the website ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/ ) to the public domain. The IPD project continually develops new tools in conjunction with on-going scientific developments-such as Next-Generation Sequencing-to maintain efficiency and usability in response to user feedback and requests. The website is updated on a regular basis to ensure that new and confirmatory sequences are distributed to the immunogenetics community, as well as the wider research and clinical communities.
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Kurtz A, Elsallab M, Sanzenbacher R, Abou-El-Enein M. Linking Scattered Stem Cell-Based Data to Advance Therapeutic Development. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor β signaling confers glycolytic dependence and sensitization to dichloroacetate in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84210-84223. [PMID: 29137417 PMCID: PMC5663589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of metabolism during melanoma progression is tightly associated with the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations in regulators of metabolic pathways. Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ) is epigenetically silenced in a large proportion of melanomas, but a link between RARβ and metabolic rewiring of melanoma has not been established. Here, we show that in primary human melanocytes, all-trans retinoic acid (a RARβ agonist) induced growth inhibition accompanied by a decrease in both glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, whereas selective inhibition of RARβ led to an increase in the basal glycolytic rate and increased sensitivity to inhibition of glycolysis. In melanoma cells, inhibition of RARβ promoted lower mitochondrial respiration and higher glycolytic activity, which led to energetic stress and activation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase. This metabolic shift increased the sensitivity to both glycolytic inhibition and stimulation of mitochondrial metabolism with dichloroacetate, an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. In melanoma cells harboring the BRAFV600E mutation, RARβ activation antagonized the effect of the BRAF inhibitor PLX4032 (vemurafenib). Collectively, these data suggest that RARβ signaling is involved in regulating cellular metabolism in melanoma and may provide a potential target in combination treatment strategies.
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Robinson J, Halliwell JA, Hayhurst JD, Flicek P, Parham P, Marsh SGE. The IPD and IMGT/HLA database: allele variant databases. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:D423-31. [PMID: 25414341 PMCID: PMC4383959 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1475] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) was developed to provide a centralized system for the study of polymorphism in genes of the immune system. Through the IPD project we have established a central platform for the curation and publication of locus-specific databases involved either directly or related to the function of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in a number of different species. We have collaborated with specialist groups or nomenclature committees that curate the individual sections before they are submitted to IPD for online publication. IPD consists of five core databases, with the IMGT/HLA Database as the primary database. Through the work of the various nomenclature committees, the HLA Informatics Group and in collaboration with the European Bioinformatics Institute we are able to provide public access to this data through the website http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/. The IPD project continues to develop with new tools being added to address scientific developments, such as Next Generation Sequencing, and to address user feedback and requests. Regular updates to the website ensure that new and confirmatory sequences are dispersed to the immunogenetics community, and the wider research and clinical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robinson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | | | - James D Hayhurst
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5136, USA
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG, UK
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Bioenergetic modulation with dichloroacetate reduces the growth of melanoma cells and potentiates their response to BRAFV600E inhibition. J Transl Med 2014; 12:247. [PMID: 25182332 PMCID: PMC4156963 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in melanoma treatment through targeted inhibition of oncogenic BRAF are limited owing to the development of acquired resistance. The involvement of BRAFV600E in metabolic reprogramming of melanoma cells provides a rationale for co-targeting metabolism as a therapeutic approach. Methods We examined the effects of dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, on the growth and metabolic activity of human melanoma cell lines. The combined effect of DCA and the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib was investigated in BRAFV600E -mutated melanoma cell lines. Vemurafenib-resistant cell lines were established in vitro and their sensitivity to DCA was tested. Results DCA induced a reduction in glycolytic activity and intracellular ATP levels, and inhibited cellular growth. Co-treatment of BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma cells with DCA and vemurafenib induced a greater reduction in intracellular ATP levels and cellular growth than either compound alone. In addition, melanoma cells with in vitro acquired resistance to vemurafenib retained their sensitivity to DCA. Conclusions These results suggest that DCA potentiates the effect of vemurafenib through a cooperative attenuation of energy production. Furthermore, the demonstration of retained sensitivity to DCA in melanoma cells with acquired resistance to vemurafenib could have implications for melanoma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-014-0247-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dahl C, Christensen C, Jönsson G, Lorentzen A, Skjødt ML, Borg Å, Pawelec G, Guldberg P. Mutual exclusivity analysis of genetic and epigenetic drivers in melanoma identifies a link between p14 ARF and RARβ signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:1166-78. [PMID: 23851445 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Melanoma genomes contain thousands of alterations including: mutations, copy number alterations, structural aberrations, and methylation changes. The bulk of this variation is stochastic and functionally neutral, with only a small minority representing "drivers" that contribute to the genesis and maintenance of tumors. Drivers are often directly or inversely correlated across tumors, reflecting the molecular and regulatory signaling pathways in which they operate. Here, a profile of genetic and epigenetic drivers in 110 human melanoma cell lines was generated and searched for non-random distribution patterns. Statistically significant mutual exclusivity was revealed among components of each of the p16(INK4A)-CDK4-RB, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. In addition, an inverse correlation was observed between promoter hypermethylation of retinoic acid receptor β (RARB) and CDKN2A alterations affecting p14(ARF) (P < 0.0001), suggesting a functional link between RARβ signaling and the melanoma-suppressive activities of p14(ARF). Mechanistically, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment increased the expression of p14(ARF) in primary human melanocytes and the steady-state levels of p14(ARF) in these cells were shown to be regulated via RARβ. Furthermore, the ability of ATRA to induce senescence is reduced in p14(ARF)-depleted melanocytes, and we provide proof-of-concept that ATRA can induce irreversible growth arrest in melanoma cells with an intact RARβ-p14(ARF) signaling axis, independent of p16(INK4A) and p53 status. IMPLICATIONS These data highlight the power of mutual exclusivity analysis of cancer drivers to unravel molecular pathways and establish a previously unrecognized cross-talk between RARβ and p14(ARF) with potential implications for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dahl
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD), http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/ is a set of specialist databases related to the study of polymorphic genes in the immune system. The IPD project works with specialist groups or nomenclature committees who provide and curate individual sections before they are submitted to IPD for online publication. The IPD project stores all the data in a set of related databases. IPD currently consists of four databases: IPD-KIR, contains the allelic sequences of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, IPD-MHC, a database of sequences of the major histocompatibility complex of different species; IPD-HPA, alloantigens expressed only on platelets; and IPD-ESTDAB, which provides access to the European Searchable Tumour Cell-Line Database, a cell bank of immunologically characterized melanoma cell lines. The data is currently available online from the website and FTP directory. This article describes the latest updates and additional tools added to the IPD project.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robinson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Mimura K, Ando T, Poschke I, Mougiakakos D, Johansson CC, Ichikawa J, Okita R, Nishimura MI, Handke D, Krug N, Choudhury A, Seliger B, Kiessling R. T cell recognition of HLA-A2 restricted tumor antigens is impaired by the oncogene HER2. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:390-401. [PMID: 20715101 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The HER2 oncogene is frequently over-expressed in human cancers and a promising target for immune therapy. Previous studies have shown that over-expression of mouse or rat HER2 leads to markedly reduced levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and molecules of the antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM), thus resulting in a phenotype promoting tumor escape from the immune system. Our study focuses on analyzing the effect of HER2 on MHC class I antigen presentation and sensitivity to tumor-antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in HLA-A2.1(+) melanoma cell lines. We demonstrate significant inverse correlations both between the expression of HER2 and total MHC class I surface expression as well as between HER2 and HLA-A2. A significant reduction of HLA-A2 levels was found when melanoma and carcinoma cell lines were transfected with a human HER2 gene. A signaling-competent HER2 molecule was crucial for the observed HLA-A2 down-regulation, as transfectants expressing high levels of HER2 mutated in the tyrosine signaling domain did not show altered HLA-A2 expression. Importantly, the human melanoma cell line EST049 demonstrated reduced HER2 and melanoma antigen-specific recognition by CTLs upon HER2 transfection. In addition, high expression of HER2 prevented both IFN-γ mediated HLA-A2 up-regulation and improved recognition by HLA-A2-restricted CTLs in treated cells. Moreover, key APM molecules were down-regulated by HER2. These findings implicate that HER2 over-expressing tumors may be more prone to escape from HLA-A2 restricted CTLs suggesting that immunotherapy approaches inducing an integrated humoral, cellular and innate immune response would be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousaku Mimura
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jovanovic B, Egyhazi S, Eskandarpour M, Ghiorzo P, Palmer JM, Scarrà GB, Hayward NK, Hansson J. Coexisting NRAS and BRAF mutations in primary familial melanomas with specific CDKN2A germline alterations. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:618-20. [PMID: 19759551 PMCID: PMC3665509 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Braslav Jovanovic
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Egyhazi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malihe Eskandarpour
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics/Medical Genetics Service, University of Genoa, V. le Benedetto XV, 6, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jane M. Palmer
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Giovanna Bianchi Scarrà
- Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics/Medical Genetics Service, University of Genoa, V. le Benedetto XV, 6, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicholas K. Hayward
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Johan Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Cancer Center Karolinska, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Robinson J, Mistry K, McWilliam H, Lopez R, Marsh SGE. IPD--the Immuno Polymorphism Database. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:D863-9. [PMID: 19875415 PMCID: PMC2808958 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/) is a set of specialist databases related to the study of polymorphic genes in the immune system. The IPD project works with specialist groups or nomenclature committees who provide and curate individual sections before they are submitted to IPD for online publication. The IPD project stores all the data in a set of related databases. IPD currently consists of four databases: IPD-KIR, contains the allelic sequences of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors, IPD-MHC, is a database of sequences of the Major Histocompatibility Complex of different species; IPD-human platelet antigens, alloantigens expressed only on platelets and IPD-ESTDAB, which provides access to the European Searchable Tumour cell-line database, a cell bank of immunologically characterised melanoma cell lines. The data is currently available online from the website and ftp directory.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Robinson
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, UK
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