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Liu P, Wu J, Chen L, Wu Z, Wu Y, Zhang G, Yu B, Zhang B, Wei N, Shi J, Zhang C, Lei L, Yu S, Lai J, Guo Z, Zheng Y, Jing Z, Jiang H, Wang T, Zhou J, Wu Y, Sun C, Shen J, Zhang J, Wu Z. Water-filtered infrared A radiation hyperthermia combined with immunotherapy for advanced gastrointestinal tumours. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70024. [PMID: 39049187 PMCID: PMC11269209 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This study pioneered the use of WIRA whole-body infrared hyperthermia combined with ICI therapy to treat GIT and verified the feasibility and safety of HIT. The final results showed a DCR of 55.6%, with a median PFS of 53.5 days, median OS of 134 days, and an irAE incidence of 22.2%. Therefore, we believe that HIT can exert multiple synergistic sensitisation effects, thereby providing clinical benefits to patients with advanced GITs, increasing overall safety, and improving patients' QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenhai Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Yufei Wu
- ACS (International) School of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Ganlu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Bingqi Yu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Nan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jinan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | | | - Lan Lei
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Shuhuan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jianjun Lai
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Yuli Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Zhao Jing
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | | | - Jueyi Zhou
- Department of OncologyLishui People's HospitalLishuiChina
| | - Yajun Wu
- TCM Dispensary, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Chuan Sun
- Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Geriatrics, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Zhejiang HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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2
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Squicciarini T, Villani R, Apollonio B, Fucci L, Zambetti M, Rossini M, Pinto R, Tommasi S, De Roma I, Strippoli S, Guida M. Case report: Is severe toxicity the price to pay for high sensitivity to checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy in desmoplastic melanoma? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369531. [PMID: 38799429 PMCID: PMC11117064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare subtype of melanoma characterized by high immunogenicity which makes it particularly suitable for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment. Case presentation We report the case of a 53-year-old man with metastatic DM successfully treated with the combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, who developed serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The primary tumor was characterized by absent PD-L1 expression and no-brisk lymphocytes infiltration. NGS showed absence of BRAF mutation, a high tumor mutational burden, and an UV-induced DNA damage signature. Metastatic lesions regressed rapidly after few cycles of ICIs until complete response, however the patient developed serious irAEs including hypothyroidism, adrenal deficiency, and acute interstitial nephritis which led to the definitive suspension of treatment. Currently, the patient has normal renal functionality and no disease relapse after 26 months from starting immunotherapy, and after 9 months from its definitive suspension. Conclusion Efficacy and toxicity are two sides of the same coin of high sensitivity to ICIs in DM. For this reason, these patients should be closely monitored during ICIs therapy to promptly identify serious side effects and to correctly manage them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Squicciarini
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Villani
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Apollonio
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Fucci
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Milena Zambetti
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Rossini
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Pinto
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumouri “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumouri “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Ileana De Roma
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino Strippoli
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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3
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Fetter T, Fietz S, Bertlich M, Braegelmann C, de Vos-Hillebrand L, Wenzel J, Heine A, Landsberg J, Jansen P. Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia following immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in two patients with metastatic melanoma: a case report. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342845. [PMID: 38571955 PMCID: PMC10987708 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as antibodies against cytotoxicity T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) have become an important armamentarium against a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, these specific inhibitors can cause adverse autoimmune reactions by impairing self-tolerance. Hematologic side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), are rare but can be life-threatening. Case report Herein, we report two patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic melanoma who developed AIHA with symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. In the first patient, symptoms alleviated after discontinuation of combined anti CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapy, initiation of corticosteroids and application of a single red blood cell transfusion. Due to subsequent progress of melanoma, combinational anti-PD-1 and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was initiated based on multidisciplinary tumor board decision. After two months, she again developed the described hematological and clinical signs of AIHA leading to cessation of anti-PD-1 therapy and initiation of corticosteroids, which again resulted in an alleviation of her symptoms. Due to further progression, the patient received dacarbazine for several months before she decided to stop any therapy other than palliative supportive care. In the second patient, discontinuation of anti-PD-1 therapy and initiation of corticosteroids entailed a complete alleviation of his symptoms. After refusing chemotherapy due to subsequent melanoma progression, he received radiotherapy of bone metastases and is currently enrolled in a clinical trial. The patient did not develop AIHA ever since. Conclusion Hematologic immune-related adverse events due to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors are rare but can have life-threatening consequences. If dyspnea and other clinical symptoms are present, AIHA should be considered as a potential cause and treated promptly in a multidisciplinary setting. An expanded comprehension of risk factors and pathogenesis of AIHA is needed to identify high-risk patients beforehand, leading to more effective predictive and reactive treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Fetter
- Center of Dermatooncology and Phlebology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Fietz
- Center of Dermatooncology and Phlebology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maya Bertlich
- Center of Dermatooncology and Phlebology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Joerg Wenzel
- Center of Dermatooncology and Phlebology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annkristin Heine
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Center of Dermatooncology and Phlebology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Jansen
- Center of Dermatooncology and Phlebology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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4
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Kleef R, Dank M, Herold M, Agoston EI, Lohinszky J, Martinek E, Herold Z, Szasz AM. Comparison of the effectiveness of integrative immunomodulatory treatments and conventional therapies on the survival of selected gastrointestinal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20360. [PMID: 37990076 PMCID: PMC10663566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the use of immunomodulating treatments (IMT) at integrative oncology providers (IOP) increased. IMTs are used to modulate the tumor microenvironment, which might lead to increased response-to-treatment, and the indication of immune checkpoint inhibitors might also be widened. The efficacy and safety of IMTs in advanced/metastatic gastrointestinal cancers were compared with conventional chemo(radio)therapy (CT). 21 colorectal- (CRC), 14 pancreatic- (PC), 5 cholangiocellular- (CCC), 5 gastric- (GC) and 4 esophageal cancer (EC) patients received IMT. IMT and CT were compared in CRC and PC. CT was administered at an academic oncology center. After the initiation of IMT, a median survival of ~ 20 (CRC, PC and EC) and ~ 10 months (CCC and GC) was observed. Of the IMTs, locoregional modulated electro-hyperthermia had the most positive effect on overall survival (HR: 0.3055; P = 0.0260), while fever-inducing interleukin-2, and low-dose ipilimumab showed a positive tendency. IMT was superior to CT in PC (HR: 0.1974; P = 0.0013), while modest effect was detected in CRC (HR: 0.7797; P = 0.4710). When the whole study population was analyzed, IMTs showed minimal effect on patient survival, still CT had the greatest effect if introduced as early as possible (HR: 0.0624; P < 0.0001). The integrative IMTs in the presented form have mild impact on gastrointestinal cancer patients' survival, however, we observed its benefit in PC, which warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kleef
- Dr. Kleef Medical Center, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdolna Dank
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Emese Irma Agoston
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Julia Lohinszky
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Emoke Martinek
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Herold
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Attila Marcell Szasz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1082, Hungary.
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5
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Bieńkowska-Tokarczyk A, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Demkow U, Małecki M. Hyperthermia Enhances Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Transduction Efficiency in Melanoma Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8519-8538. [PMID: 37886980 PMCID: PMC10604982 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy perfectly fits in the current needs of medicine for patients with melanoma. One of the major challenges of gene therapy is to increase gene transfer. The role of hyperthermia in the improvement of AAV (adeno-associated virus) transduction efficiency has been indicated. The aim of the present study was to assess the transduction efficacy of melanoma cell lines (A375, G-361, and SK-MEL-1) with the use of the rAAV/DJ mosaic vector under hyperthermia conditions. The analysis of changes in the transduction efficacy and expression of HSPs (heat shock proteins) and receptors for AAV was performed. The transduction was performed at 37 °C and at 43 °C (1 h). Hyperthermia enhanced gene transfer in all the tested cell lines. The most efficient transducing cell line under hyperthermia was A375 (increase by 17%). G361 and SK-MEL-1 cells showed an increase of 7%. The changes in the expression of the AAV receptors and HSPs after hyperthermia were observed. A key role in the improvement of gene transfer may be played by AAVR, HSPB1, HSP6, DNAJC4, HSPD1, HSPA8, HSPA9, HSP90AB1, and AHSA1. This study showed the possibility of the use of hyperthermia as a factor enabling the stimulation of cell transduction with rAAV vectors, thereby providing tools for the improvement in the efficacy of gene therapy based on rAAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Bieńkowska-Tokarczyk
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 63a Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 63a Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Sardela de Miranda F, Castro M, Remmert N, Singh SP, Layeequr Rahman R, Melkus MW. Leveraging cryoablation and checkpoint inhibitors for high-risk triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1258873. [PMID: 37860001 PMCID: PMC10582696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1258873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the United States in which the standard of care treatment is surgery with adjunctive therapy. Cryoablation, which destroys the tumor using extremely cold temperatures while preserving the potential tumor antigens, is a promising alternative to surgical resection. It is less invasive, cosmetically appeasing, cost-effective, and capable of contributing to the abscopal effect - the immune response targeting potential distant metastasis. However, to maximize the immunologic benefit of cryoablation in biologically high-risk breast cancers, combination with therapies that enhance immune activation, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may be necessary. This mini review describes the fundamentals of cryoablation and treatment with ICIs, as well as discuss the caveats in both strategies and current clinical trials aimed to improve this approach to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Sardela de Miranda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Breast Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Maribel Castro
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Breast Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nicole Remmert
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Breast Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Sharda P. Singh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Breast Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Rakhshanda Layeequr Rahman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Breast Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Michael W. Melkus
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Breast Center of Excellence, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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7
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Samadi M, Kamrani A, Nasiri H, Shomali N, Heris JA, Shahabi P, Ghahremanzadeh K, Mohammadinasab R, Sadeghi M, Sadeghvand S, Shotorbani SS, Akbari M. Cancer immunotherapy focusing on the role of interleukins: A comprehensive and updated study. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154732. [PMID: 37567033 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines bind to specific receptors on target cells to activate intracellular signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. They are essential for the growth, activation, and operation of immune cells and the control of immunological reactions to pathogens, cancer cells, and other dangers. Based on their structural and functional properties, cytokines can be roughly categorized into different families, such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, interleukins, interferons, and chemokines. Leukocytes produce interleukins, a class of cytokines that have essential functions in coordinating and communicating with immune cells. Cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity are immune-related disorders brought on by dysregulation of cytokine production or signaling. Understanding cytokines' biology to create novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic methods for various immune-related illnesses is crucial. Different immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and other cells in the body, including epithelial cells and fibroblasts, generate and secrete interleukins. The present study's main aim is to fully understand interleukins' roles in cancer development and identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Samadi
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Kamrani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mohammadinasab
- Department of History of Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatrics Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Giovannini E, Bonasoni MP, D'Aleo M, Tamagnini I, Tudini M, Fais P, Pelotti S. Pembrolizumab-Induced Fatal Myasthenia, Myocarditis, and Myositis in a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma: Autopsy, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Findings-A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10919. [PMID: 37446095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a major advance in cancer treatment. The lowered immune tolerance induced by ICIs brought to light a series of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Pembrolizumab belongs to the ICI class and is a humanized IgG4 anti-PD-1 antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1. The ICI-related irAEs involving various organ systems and myocarditis are uncommon (incidence of 0.04% to 1.14%), but they are associated with a high reported mortality. Unlike idiopathic inflammatory myositis, ICI-related myositis has been reported to frequently co-occur with myocarditis. The triad of myasthenia, myositis, and myocarditis must not be underestimated as they can rapidly deteriorate, leading to death. Herein we report a case of a patient with metastatic melanoma who fatally developed myasthenia gravis, myocarditis, and myositis, after a single cycle of pembrolizumab. Considering evidence from the literature review, autopsy, histological, and immunohistochemical investigations on heart and skeletal muscle are presented and discussed, also from a medical-legal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giovannini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Michele D'Aleo
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ione Tamagnini
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Matteo Tudini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Fais
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 49, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Yang H, Ma Q, Sun Y, Zhang K, Xing Y, Li H. Case Report: Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with sintilimab in a patient with relapsed thymic carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1065137. [PMID: 36620577 PMCID: PMC9813861 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1065137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor monoclonal antibody has been shown to be effective in patients with relapsed thymic carcinoma. However, immune-related adverse events (irAE) are increasingly recognized. There is a paucity of clinical data, especially in elderly patients. A patient in his late 80s with a history of thymic carcinoma was treated with sintilimab, an anti-PD1 antibody. After one week of administration, the patient developed diffuse rash. After two cycles of sintilimab, there was rapid progression of the rash with gradual development of blisters and skin detachment. Sintilimab was immediately discontinued, and skin biopsy was performed. The histopathological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which was considered as an irAE. Intravenous methylprednisolone was initially administered, followed by oral prednisone. The patient showed dramatic improvement within 72 hours of initiation of treatment. Unfortunately, the patient died of severe pneumonia three months later. We report a case of TEN, a rare toxicity induced by anti-PD-1 sintilimab in an elderly patient with thymic carcinoma. Since TEN is a life-threatening condition, early recognition and management of this complication is a key imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunli Xing
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yunli Xing, ; Hongwei Li,
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yunli Xing, ; Hongwei Li,
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10
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Jiang ST, Liu YG, Zhang L, Sang XT, Xu YY, Lu X. Immune-related adverse events: A bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1096806. [PMID: 36591239 PMCID: PMC9797501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite providing clinical benefit, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in a number of patients. This study explored the development pattern in irAEs research from a bibliometric perspective. Methods We obtained articles and reviews related to irAEs from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (retrieved on September 13, 2022). Using the R package "Bibliometrix", the main bibliometric features were calculated, and a three-filed plot was generated to show the relationship between authors, institutions, and topics. VOSviewer was used for co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence analysis and visualization. CiteSpace was used to detect burst references and keywords. Results A total of 3995 publications on irAEs were included. The United States (US), Japan, and China had the highest publications. The Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer had the highest number of publications. In addition to "immune-related adverse events", "immune checkpoint inhibitors", "immunotherapy", and "nivolumab" were the most frequently used keywords. Conclusions A bibliometric analysis of 17 years of irAEs research was conducted to map a basic knowledge structure including countries, institutions, authors, journals, and publications. The findings provided a comprehensive perspective on the broad future of this research area.
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11
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Zhang L, Shi Y, Han X. Immunogenomic correlates of immune-related adverse events for anti-programmed cell death 1 therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032221. [PMID: 36505471 PMCID: PMC9733471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite impressive antitumor efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, this inhibition can induce mild to severe autoimmune toxicities, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Yet, predictive pretreatment biomarkers for irAEs development across cancer types remain elusive. We first assessed cellular and molecular factors. To determine factors predicting the risk of irAEs for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy across multiple cancer types, an integrative analysis of cellular and molecular factors from 9104 patients across 21 cancer types and 4865522 postmarketing adverse event reports retrieved from adverse event reporting system was then performed. Accuracy of predictions was quantified as Pearson correlation coefficient determined using leave-one-out cross-validation. Independent validation sets included small cell lung cancer and melanoma cohorts. Out of 4865522 eligible adverse events reports, 10412 cases received anti-PD-1 monotherapy, of which, 2997 (28.78%) exhibited at least one irAE. Among established immunogenomic factors, dendritic cells (DC) abundance showed the strongest correlation with irAEs risk, followed by tumor mutational burden (TMB). Further predictive accuracy was achieved by DC and TMB in combination with CD4+ naive T-cells abundance, and then validated in the small cell lung cancer cohort. Additionally, global screening of multiomics data identified 11 novel predictors of irAEs. Of these, IRF4 showed the highest correlation. Best predictive performance was observed in the IRF4 - TCL1A - SHC-pY317 trivariate model. Associations of IRF4 and TCL1A expression with irAEs development were verified in the melanoma cohort receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Collectively, pretreatment cellular and molecular irAEs-associated features as well as their combinations are identified regardless of cancer types. These findings may deepen our knowledge of irAEs pathogenesis and, ultimately, aid in early detection of high-risk patients and management of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China,Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yuankai Shi, ; Xiaohong Han,
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yuankai Shi, ; Xiaohong Han,
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12
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Yang X, Gao M, Xu R, Tao Y, Luo W, Wang B, Zhong W, He L, He Y. Hyperthermia combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969447. [PMID: 36032103 PMCID: PMC9412234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the difference in temperature, thermotherapy can be divided into thermal ablation and mild hyperthermia. The main advantage of thermal ablation is that it can efficiently target tumors in situ, while mild hyperthermia has a good inhibitory effect on distant metastasis. There are some similarities and differences between the two therapies with respect to inducing anti-tumor immune responses, but neither of them results in sustained systemic immunity. Malignant tumors (such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and brain cancer) are recurrent, highly metastatic, and highly invasive even after treatment, hence a single therapy rarely resolves the clinical issues. A more effective and comprehensive treatment strategy using a combination of hyperthermia and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies has gained attention. This paper summarizes the relevant preclinical and clinical studies on hyperthermia combined with ICI therapies and compares the efficacy of two types of hyperthermia combined with ICIs, in order to provide a better treatment for the recurrence and metastasis of clinically malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximing Yang
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Miaozhi Gao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Runshi Xu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yangyang Tao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wang Luo
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Binya Wang
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wenliang Zhong
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Visual Function Protection Engineering and Technological Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Lan He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingchun He
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Visual Function Protection Engineering and Technological Research Center, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yingchun He,
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13
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Liu P, Ye M, Wu Y, Wu L, Lan K, Wu Z. Hyperthermia combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Synergistic sensitization and clinical outcomes. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3201-3221. [PMID: 35908281 PMCID: PMC9939221 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the field of oncotherapy, research interest regarding immunotherapy has risen to the point that it is now seen as a key application. However, inherent disadvantages of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as their low response rates and immune-related adverse events (irAEs), currently restrict their clinical application. Were these disadvantages to be overcome, more patients could derive prolonged benefits from ICIs. At present, many basic experiments and clinical studies using hyperthermia combined with ICI treatment (HIT) have been performed and shown the potential to address the above challenges. Therefore, this review extensively summarizes the knowledge and progress of HIT for analysis and discusses the effect and feasibility. METHODS In this review, we explored the PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov databases, with regard to the searching terms "immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, ablation, photothermal therapy". RESULTS By reviewing the literature, we analyzed how hyperthermia influences tumor immunology and improves the efficacy of ICI. Hyperthermia can trigger a series of multifactorial molecular cascade reactions between tumors and immunization and can significantly induce cytological modifications within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The pharmacological potency of ICIs can be enhanced greatly through the immunomodulatory amelioration of immunosuppression, and the activation of immunostimulation. Emerging clinical trials outcome regarding HIT have verified and enriched the theoretical foundation of synergistic sensitization. CONCLUSION HIT research is now starting to transition from preclinical studies to clinical investigations. Several HIT sensitization mechanisms have been reflected and demonstrated as significant survival benefits for patients through pioneering clinical trials. Further studies into the theoretical basis and practical standards of HIT, combined with larger-scale clinical studies involving more cancer types, will be necessary for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Oncology & Radiotherapy DepartmentZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina,Second Clinical Medical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Mengna Ye
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of TCM PharmacyZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Lichao Wu
- College of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kaiping Lan
- Oncology Department of Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineTonglu Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Oncology & Radiotherapy DepartmentZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
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14
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Jiang M, Hu Y, Lin G, Chen C. Dosing Regimens of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Attempts at Lower Dose, Less Frequency, Shorter Course. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906251. [PMID: 35795044 PMCID: PMC9251517 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a revolutionary breakthrough in the field of cancer by modulating patient's own immune system to exert anti-tumor effects. The clinical application of ICIs is still in its infancy, and their dosing regimens need to be continuously adjusted. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies showed a significant plateau in the exposure-response curve, with high receptor occupancy and plasma concentrations achieved at low dose levels. Coupled with concerns about drug toxicity and heavy economic costs, there has been an ongoing quest to reevaluate the current ICI dosing regimens while preserving maximum clinical efficacy. Many clinical data showed remarkable anticancer effects with ICIs at the doses far below the approved regimens, indicating the possibility of dose reduction. Our review attempts to summarize the clinical evidence for ICIs regimens with lower-dose, less-frequency, shorter-course, and provide clues for further ICIs regimen optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chao Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Bakacs T, Safadi R, Puskás LG, Fehér LZ, Kovesdi I. Sequential Combination of a Strong Interferon Inducer Viral Vector With Low Doses of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Could Provide Functional Cure in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus infections: Technical Report Proposing a New Modality. Cureus 2022; 14:e22750. [PMID: 35371882 PMCID: PMC8970536 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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16
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Liu W, Ma F, Sun B, Liu Y, Tang H, Luo J, Chen H, Luo Z. Intestinal Microbiome Associated With Immune-Related Adverse Events for Patients Treated With Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors, a Real-World Study. Front Immunol 2022; 12:756872. [PMID: 34975845 PMCID: PMC8716485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have updated the treatment landscape for patients with advanced malignancies, while their clinical prospect was hindered by severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The aim of this study was to research the association between gut microbiome diversity and the occurrence of ICI-induced irAEs. Patients and Method We prospectively obtained the baseline fecal samples and clinical data from patients treated with anti-PD-1 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or antiangiogenesis regardless of treatment lines. The 16S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing was used to test the gene amplicons of fecal samples. The development of irAEs was evaluated and monitored from the beginning of therapy based on CTCAE V5.01. Results A total of 150 patients were included in the study and followed up for at least 6 months. A total of 90 (60%) patients developed at least one type of adverse effect, among which mild irAEs (grades 1–2) occurred in 65 patients (72.22%) and severe irAEs (grades 3–5) in 25 patients (27.78%). Patients with severe irAEs showed a visible higher abundance of Streptococcus, Paecalibacterium, and Stenotrophomonas, and patients with mild irAEs had a higher abundance of Faecalibacterium and unidentified_Lachnospiraceae. With the aid of a classification model constructed with 5 microbial biomarkers, patients without irAEs were successfully distinguished from those with severe irAEs (AUC value was 0.66). Conclusion Certain intestinal bacteria can effectively distinguish patients without irAEs from patients with severe irAEs and provide evidence of gut microbiota as an informative source for developing predictive biomarkers to predict the occurrence of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoneng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiying Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Bastacky ML, Wang H, Fortman D, Rahman Z, Mascara GP, Brenner T, Najjar YG, Luke JJ, Kirkwood JM, Zarour HM, Davar D. Immune-Related Adverse Events in PD-1 Treated Melanoma and Impact Upon Anti-Tumor Efficacy: A Real World Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:749064. [PMID: 34900695 PMCID: PMC8662734 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.749064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma by producing durable long-term responses in a subset of patients. ICI-treated patients develop unique toxicities - immune related adverse events (irAEs) – that arise from unrestrained immune activation. The link between irAE development and clinical outcome in melanoma and other cancers is inconsistent; and little data exists on the occurrence of multiple irAEs. We sought to characterize development of single and multiple irAEs, and association of irAE(s) development with clinical variables and impact upon outcomes in advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 ICIs. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 190 patients with metastatic melanoma treated with single-agent anti-PD-1 ICI therapy between June 2014 and August 2020 at a large integrated network cancer center identified through retrospective review of pharmacy records. irAEs were graded based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Results 190 patients were evaluated of whom 114 patients (60.0%) experienced ≥1 irAE, including 30 (15.8%) with grade 3/4 irAEs. The occurrence of any irAE was strongly associated with the development of investigator-assessed response to anti-PD-1 therapy (p < 0.0001); whether evaluated by current (p=0.0082) or best (p=0.0001) response. In patients with ≥2 irAEs, distinct patterns were observed. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were greater in those with any irAE compared to those without (PFS, 28 months vs. 5 months, p < 0.0001; OS, not reached vs. 9 months, p < 0.0001). Development of ≥2 irAEs had a trend towards improved PFS and OS compared to those who developed a single irAE, although this did not reach statistical significance (p=0.2555, PFS; p=0.0583, OS). Obesity but not age or gender was distinctly associated with irAE development. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated that irAE occurrence was significantly associated with response to anti-PD-1 therapy and improved PFS/OS. Those who developed multiple irAEs had a trend towards improved PFS and OS compared to those who developed only a single irAE. Increased BMI but neither age nor gender were associated with irAE development. Distinct patterns of irAEs observed suggest shared etiopathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Bastacky
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dylan Fortman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zahra Rahman
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gerard P Mascara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Timothy Brenner
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yana G Najjar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Diwakar Davar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Li Z, Sun G, Sun G, Cheng Y, Wu L, Wang Q, Lv C, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Tang W. Various Uses of PD1/PD-L1 Inhibitor in Oncology: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:771335. [PMID: 34869005 PMCID: PMC8635629 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cancer are closely related to the immune escape of tumor cells and immune tolerance. Unlike previous surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, tumor immunotherapy is a therapeutic strategy that uses various means to stimulate and enhance the immune function of the body, and ultimately achieves the goal of controlling tumor cells.With the in-depth understanding of tumor immune escape mechanism and tumor microenvironment, and the in-depth study of tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by Programmed Death 1/Programmed cell Death-Ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are becoming increasingly significant in cancer medication treatment. employ a variety of ways to avoid detection by the immune system, a single strategy is not more effective in overcoming tumor immune evasion and metastasis. Combining different immune agents or other drugs can effectively address situations where immunotherapy is not efficacious, thereby increasing the chances of success and alternative access to alternative immunotherapy. Immune combination therapies for cancer have become a hot topic in cancer treatment today. In this paper, several combination therapeutic modalities of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors are systematically reviewed. Finally, an analysis and outlook are provided in the context of the recent advances in combination therapy with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and the pressing issues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichan Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Yang Y, Li J, Till BG, Wang J, Zhang B, Wang H, Huang H, Li T, Gao Q, Li H, Wang Z. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis-Like Reaction Following Combination Therapy With Camrelizumab and Apatinib for Advanced Gallbladder Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:728253. [PMID: 34778042 PMCID: PMC8586206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.728253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, combination regimens based on programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) blockade have become increasingly common in clinical practice for the treatment of cancer. Such combinations significantly improve efficacy, but treatment-related adverse events have also become more complex and severe. Here, we report an acute toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)-like reaction in a patient with gallbladder cancer who received camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) in combination with apatinib. Interestingly, distinct clinical and pathological characteristics were observed that differed from those of the reported cases of severe cutaneous reactions induced by anti-PD-1 antibodies alone; thus, we speculate that it was induced by the combination of camrelizumab and apatinib. It is worth noting that the TEN-like reaction showed resistance to methylprednisolone initially, which was gradually resolved after the addition of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the skin lesion was infiltrated by moderate numbers of CD4+ T cells and large numbers of CD8+ T cells during the progression of the TEN-like reaction, and mass cytometry by time-of-flight showed a significant reduction in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proportions in the peripheral blood after the rash improved. All these findings highlight the essential role of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in the TEN-like reaction induced by camrelizumab plus apatinib treatment, and we speculate that T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, attack keratinocytes. In conclusion, the TEN-like reaction induced by camrelizumab and apatinib deserves clinical attention, and further work is needed to elucidate the exact pathophysiologic mechanism as well as the optimal management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Yang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Brian G Till
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bicheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanping Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiepeng Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongle Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zibing Wang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Abstract
Despite the ability of immune-based interventions to dramatically increase the survival of patients with melanoma, a significant subset fail to benefit from this treatment, underscoring the need for accurate means to identify the patient population likely to respond to immunotherapy. Understanding how melanoma evades natural or manipulated immune responses could provide the information needed to identify such resistant individuals. Efforts to address this challenge are hampered by the vast immune diversity characterizing tumor microenvironments that remain largely understudied. It is thus important to more clearly elucidate the complex interactions that take place between the tumor microenvironment and host immune system.
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21
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Johansson-Percival A, Ganss R. Therapeutic Induction of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer Through Stromal Remodeling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674375. [PMID: 34122434 PMCID: PMC8191417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the effectiveness of anti-cancer immunotherapy remains a major clinical challenge. Cytotoxic T cell infiltration is crucial for immune-mediated tumor rejection, however, the suppressive tumor microenvironment impedes their recruitment, activation, maturation and function. Nevertheless, solid tumors can harbor specialized lymph node vasculature and immune cell clusters that are organized into tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). These TLS support naïve T cell infiltration and intratumoral priming. In many human cancers, their presence is a positive prognostic factor, and importantly, predictive for responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade. Thus, therapeutic induction of TLS is an attractive concept to boost anti-cancer immunotherapy. However, our understanding of how cancer-associated TLS could be initiated is rudimentary. Exciting new reagents which induce TLS in preclinical cancer models provide mechanistic insights into the exquisite stromal orchestration of TLS formation, a process often associated with a more functional or "normalized" tumor vasculature and fueled by LIGHT/LTα/LTβ, TNFα and CC/CXC chemokine signaling. These emerging insights provide innovative opportunities to induce and shape TLS in the tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johansson-Percival
- Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ruth Ganss
- Cancer Microenvironment Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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22
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Kleef R, Bacher V, Nagy R, Reisegger P, Bakacs T. Complete Remission of Vocal Cord Cancer Treated With Low-Dose Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab Combined With Interleukin-2 and Hyperthermia. Cureus 2021; 13:e14500. [PMID: 34007753 PMCID: PMC8123238 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 44-year-old male patient, exposed to tobacco smoke and alcohol, with a locally advanced, multiple recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vocal cord who had undergone resection four times. The patient rejected the mutilating surgery or radiation therapy due to the expected severe lifelong consequences. Instead, the patient opted for complex immunotherapy combining low doses of checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab-nivolumab (0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively) with fever-inducing interleukin-2 (IL-2) and hyperthermia, which induced complete remission (CR). Restaging with MRI and laryngoscopy demonstrated lasting remission ongoing now for two years. The fact that this patient is free of any cancer-related signs or symptoms raises the possibility of a long-lasting remission even after the fourth recurrence of a locally advanced squamous cell vocal cord cancer by the induction of therapeutic fever combined with a safe low-dose ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy to endorse T-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kleef
- Immunology & Integrative Oncology, Dr. Kleef Hyperthermia, Vienna, AUT
| | - Viktor Bacher
- Immunology & Integrative Oncology, Dr. Kleef Hyperthermia, Vienna, AUT
| | - Robert Nagy
- Immunology & Integrative Oncology, Dr. Kleef Hyperthermia, Vienna, AUT
| | | | - Tibor Bakacs
- Probability, Alfred Renyi Institute of Mathematics; The Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, HUN
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23
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Tackling cancer cell dormancy: Insights from immune models, and transplantation. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 78:5-16. [PMID: 33582171 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated non-dividing (dormant) cancer cells as well as those in equilibrium with the immune response remain the major challenge for successful treatment of cancer. The equilibrium between disseminated dormant cancer cells and the immune system is reminiscent of states that can occur during infection or allogeneic tissue and cell transplantation. We discuss here the major competing models of how the immune system achieves a self nonself discrimination (pathogen/danger patterns, quorum, and coinhibition/tuning models), and suggest that taking advantage of a combination of the proposed mechanisms in each model may lead to increased efficacy in tackling cancer cell dormancy.
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