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Gomes PT, Rosse IC, Moraes LÂG, Kalapothakis E, de Azevedo CS, Cardoso DC, Cristiano MP. Genetic diversity and relatedness in captive collared peccaries Dicotyles tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cetartiodactyla: Tayassuidae) estimated by microsatellite genotyping using high-throughput sequencing: Implications for their conservation and reintroduction. Zoo Biol 2023; 42:789-796. [PMID: 37466265 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The global population of Dicotyles tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cetartiodactyla: Tayassuidae), commonly known as the collared peccary and distributed in the Neotropics, is currently in decline due to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, five microsatellite loci were used to genetically characterize a group of 20 captive-born collared peccaries intended for reintroduction. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and relatedness of captive individuals using microsatellite markers. The genetic data generated were used to evaluate the viability of the reintroduction and to propose measures for the management and conservation of this species. In this study, we found relatively high genetic diversity indices, indicating that the group was genetically diverse. Inbreeding coefficients with negative values were observed, indicating an excess of alleles in heterozygosis and an absence of inbreeding. One locus showed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which may have been caused by the mixing of individuals from different origins. Relatedness analysis indicated that some individuals were highly related, with coefficients indicating they may be first-degree relatives. Our findings indicate that the studied group has enough genetic diversity to be released into nature, but the high individual relatedness found would require the adoption of strategies after the release of animals in the wild to ensure their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Teixeira Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izinara Cruz Rosse
- Departamento de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lauro Ângelo Gonçalves Moraes
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Evanguedes Kalapothakis
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Ecologia, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Marcadores Moleculares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danon Clemes Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maykon Passos Cristiano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Biomas Tropicais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
Abstract
Sexual size dimorphism is biased toward males in most mammalian species. The most common explanation is precopulatory intramale sexual selection. Large males win fights and mate more frequently. In artiodactyls, previous tests of this hypothesis consisted of interspecific correlations of sexual dimorphism with group size as a surrogate for the intensity of sexual selection (Is). However, group size is not a proper measure of sexual selection for several reasons as is largely recognized in other mammalian taxa. I conducted an interspecific test on the role of sexual selection in the evolution of sexual dimorphism using the variance in genetic paternity as a proxy for the Is. I reviewed the literature and found 17 studies that allowed estimating Is= V/(W2), where V and W are the variance and mean number of offspring per male, respectively. A phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis indicated that dimorphism (Wm/Wf) showed a significant positive regression with the intensity of sexual selection but not group size (multiple r2= 0.40; F3,17= 12.78, P = 0.002). This result suggests that sexual selection may have played a role in the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in Artiodactyla. An alternative hypothesis based on natural selection is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo H Cassini
- Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, IBYME, CONICET, Obligado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Leite DA, Keuroghlian A, Rufo DA, Miyaki CY, Biondo C. Genetic evidence of promiscuity in a mammal without apparent sexual dimorphism, the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wang G. Sexual size dimorphism of group-living Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguicutalus (Muridae: Gerbillinae). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2017.1387942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Wang
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University , Mississippi, USA
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da Silva SDSB, Guimarães DA, Biondo C, Ohashi OM, de Albuquerque NI, Vecchia ACD, Miyaki CY, Le Pendu Y. Dominance relationships between collared peccaries Pecari tajacu (Cetartiodactyla: Tayassuidae) in intensive breeding system. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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da Silva SDSB, Le Pendu Y, Ohashi OM, Oba E, de Albuquerque NI, Garcia AR, Mayor P, de Araujo Guimarães DA. Sexual behavior of Pecari tajacu (Cetartiodactyla: Tayassuidae) during periovulatory and early gestation periods. Behav Processes 2016; 131:68-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Biondo C, Izar P, Miyaki CY, Bussab VSR. Social structure of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu): does relatedness matter? Behav Processes 2014; 109 Pt A:70-8. [PMID: 25173619 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Relatedness is considered an important factor in shaping social structure as the association among kin might facilitate cooperation via inclusive fitness benefits. We addressed here the influence of relatedness on the social structure of a Neotropical ungulate, the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu). As peccaries are highly social and cooperative, live in stable cohesive herds and show certain degree of female philopatry and high mean relatedness within herds, we hypothesized that kin would be spatially closer and display more amicable and less agonistic interactions than non-kin. We recorded spatial association patterns and rates of interactions of two captive groups. Pairwise relatedness was calculated based on microsatellite data. As predicted, we found that kin were spatially closer than non-kin, which suggests that relatedness is a good predictor of spatial association in peccaries. However, relatedness did not predict the rates of social interactions. Although our results indirectly indicate some role of sex, age and familiarity, further studies are needed to clarify the factors that shape the rates of interactions in collared peccaries. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neotropical Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Biondo
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil; Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Izar
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Cristina Y Miyaki
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Vera S R Bussab
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes 1721, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil
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Holekamp KE, Smith JE, Strelioff CC, Van Horn RC, Watts HE. Society, demography and genetic structure in the spotted hyena. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:613-32. [PMID: 21880088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) are large mammalian carnivores, but their societies, called 'clans', resemble those of such cercopithecine primates as baboons and macaques with respect to their size, hierarchical structure, and frequency of social interaction among both kin and unrelated group-mates. However, in contrast to cercopithecine primates, spotted hyenas regularly hunt antelope and compete with group-mates for access to kills, which are extremely rich food sources, but also rare and ephemeral. This unique occurrence of baboon-like sociality among top-level predators has favoured the evolution of many unusual traits in this species. We briefly review the relevant socio-ecology of spotted hyenas, document great demographic variation but little variation in social structure across the species' range, and describe the long-term fitness consequences of rank-related variation in resource access among clan-mates. We then summarize patterns of genetic relatedness within and between clans, including some from a population that had recently gone through a population bottleneck, and consider the roles of sexually dimorphic dispersal and female mate choice in the generation of these patterns. Finally, we apply social network theory under varying regimes of resource availability to analyse the effects of kinship on the stability of social relationships among members of one large hyena clan in Kenya. Although social bonds among both kin and non-kin are weakest when resource competition is most intense, hyenas sustain strong social relationships with kin year-round, despite constraints imposed by resource limitation. Our analyses suggest that selection might act on both individuals and matrilineal kin groups within clans containing multiple matrilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay E Holekamp
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, USA.
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