Dorsal Hand Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Case reports on hand prejuvenation: clinical outcomes in middle-aged women with hyaluronic acid filler plus lidocaine

Background

Hand rejuvenation with hyaluronic acid filler injections is gaining more attention for its ability to correct volume loss and improve skin quality. The hand dorsum is prone to loss of dermal elasticity and subcutaneous atrophy as individuals age, and administering hyaluronic acid fillers has become an option to restore the smoothness and youthful contour of the hand.

Objective

The aim of this study is to demonstrate that injections with Definisse Touch Filler Plus Lidocaine are effective and safe for hand rejuvenation.

Methods

Ten subjects underwent filler placement of 0.5 to 1.0 mL in the dorsal superficial lamina, which is devoid of sensory nerves and major skin vessels, using a blunt cannula via the fanning technique. Measurements were done before, immediately after, and 1 month after the treatment using validated aesthetic scales.

Results

There was a significant correction of volume loss immediately after the first treatment and an improvement in skin texture and topography 1 month after the procedure. No lasting or severe adverse effects were observed.

Limitations

To show significant and conclusive results, it is recommended to conduct further prospective, comparative, blinded studies in more subjects followed for longer periods (ie, 12 months or more). Objective analysis of volumetric changes using automated three-dimensional surface techniques is likewise beneficial.

Conclusion

Injecting a low G-prime hyaluronic acid along the dorsal superficial lamina via cannula provides an effective and tolerable option for improving the appearance of aged hands.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Single-group Studies Assessing the Role of Calcium Hydroxylapatite in Aesthetic Enhancements and Satisfaction

Background

Many studies assess aesthetic effectiveness of calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), with single-group designs as the most frequently applied designs in practice. This study systematically reviewed CaHA's effectiveness for aesthetic purposes among these studies.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across 5 bibliographic databases. Single-group studies with at least 10 human adults were included. Summary measures of patients satisfaction and global aesthetic improvement scores were combined using the generalized linear mixed model. This systematic review adhered to the PRISMA reporting standards.

Results

Of 3131 records, 46 single-group studies, majority focused on facial areas (n = 32), were included for final qualitative analysis. A total number of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Findings of the meta-analysis showed that 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91%-99%; I 2, 0.0%) of patients were satisfied with the injection results in the facial area and 90% (95% CI, 67%-97%, I 2, 35%) in other treated body areas. Also, patients reported 89% (95% CI, 76%-96%; I 2, 65%) improvement on the global aesthetic improvement scale in facial areas and 94% (95% CI, 75%-99%; I 2, 0.0%) in other treated regions. Similarly, investigators reported global aesthetic improvement in 92% of patients (95% CI, 33%-100%; I 2, 92%) in facial areas and 95% (95% CI, 1%-100%; I 2, 89%) in other treated areas.

Conclusions

Our findings showed aesthetic improvements and satisfaction following CaHA injections in both facial and nonfacial areas. However, studies focusing on nonfacial regions are limited. We recommend more rigorously designed trials to better understand CaHA's clinical effects.

A clinical and novel dermoscopic investigation of combined peels as a hand aging treatment

BACKGROUND

The hands are one of the areas where skin aging is most noticeable, alongside the face, but limited studies used dermoscopic evaluation on hand aging. The Dermoscopy Photoaging Scale (DPAS) is frequently used to assess face aging but is never used for hand aging. Treating skin aging using chemical peeling is a commonly used method to rejuvenate the skin on the hands, as it is relatively affordable. Using multiple chemical peels may yield more significant results.

AIMS

To determine the effectiveness of a chemical peeling combination in retarding hand aging and to assess the utility of DPAS in this process.

METHODS

This study involved 69 Fitzpatrick skin types III-IV volunteers aged 20-69. One hand of each participant was treated with 20% glycolic acid (GA), while the other received a combination of peels consisting of 20% GA and 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The hands were clinically examined before and after the treatments, and dermoscopic examinations were performed using a modified DPAS.

RESULTS

Four treatments improved clinical and dermoscopic characteristics in both hands. The combined peeling considerably improved pigmentation intensity on the dorsal hand compared to the GA peel (p < 0.001). Post-chemical peeling patient satisfaction increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

The modified DPAS is a valuable instrument to assess the signs of hand aging. The combination of GA and TCA effectively improves skin aging of the hands and offers an accessible and economical option for addressing skin aging.

Defining Key Features in Patient Perspectives of Hand Aesthetics

BACKGROUND

The hand is highly visible and contributes to an individual's aesthetic image and perceived age. Current perspectives on hand aesthetics are primarily based on expert opinion rather than on lay population perspectives, which are less understood. Our study explores general population perceptions on the features that contribute most to an attractive hand.

METHODS

Participants rated the attractiveness of 20 standardized hands as well as the appearance based on each characteristic: freckles, hair presence, skin tone, wrinkles, vein appearance, and soft tissue volume. The relative importance of each feature was assessed by comparison with overall attractiveness scores through multivariate analysis of variance.

RESULTS

A total of 223 participants completed the survey. Soft tissue volume (r = 0.73) was most strongly correlated with overall attractiveness, followed by wrinkles (r = 0.71), skin tone consistency (r = 0.69), veins (r = 0.65), freckles (r = 0.61), and hair (r = 0.47). Female hands were perceived as more attractive, with a mean rating of 4.7 of 10, compared with 4.4 in males (P < 0.001). Participants correctly identified the gender of 90.4% of male hands and 65.0% of female hands. Age was strongly inversely correlated with attractiveness (r = -0.80).

CONCLUSIONS

Soft tissue volume is the most important factor in lay perception of hand aesthetics. Female and younger hands were perceived as more attractive. Hand rejuvenation may be optimized by prioritizing soft tissue volume with filler or fat grafting, with secondary priority on resurfacing to address skin tone and wrinkling. An understanding of the factors most important to patients in aesthetic appearance is critical to achieving a pleasing result.

Revitalizing Hands: A Comprehensive Review of Anatomy and Treatment Options for Hand Rejuvenation

Dorsal hand rejuvenation is gaining popularity as a solitary procedure and adjunct to face and neck rejuvenation treatments. As the hands age, the skin loses elasticity and becomes more translucent, the veins, joints, and tendons appear more prominent, and the bones become more noticeable. These changes are due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Current treatment methods include the injection of dermal fillers and autologous fat grafting. Anatomic studies to ensure the successful implementation of rejuvenation procedures identified three separate fascial layers in the dorsum, from superficial to deep. More recent re-evaluations revealed a less distinct, inseparable, sponge-like fascial layer. All authors agree that the superficial dermal layer is probably the optimal location for the injection of volumizing materials because it is free of anatomical structures. Many methods for harvesting, preparing, and injecting fat grafts to the dorsum of the hand have been described in the past three decades. Both filler and fat-graft procedures are performed on an ambulatory basis under local anesthesia. Good results with low postoperative and long-term complication rates and high patient satisfaction have been reported.

Combination Approaches to Hand Rejuvenation: A Review of the Literature and Discussion

BACKGROUND

Various noninvasive/minimally invasive modalities for hand rejuvenation exist, and the efficacy and safety of these procedures as both monotherapy and same-day procedures is increasingly being studied.

OBJECTIVE

To review data on the efficacy and safety of hand rejuvenation modalities and suggest a practical combination approach for these procedures.

METHODS

The PubMed database was queried for peer-reviewed articles regarding hand rejuvenation techniques, including chemical peels, laser and light sources, sclerotherapy, autologous fat transfer, and injectable volumetric fillers.

RESULTS

Chemical peels have been studied the least, with most studies evaluating the use of fillers and laser/light-based devices. Most studies reported overall good results with high patient satisfaction. Satisfaction rates were lower in laser/light-based treatments compared with other modalities. Transient erythema, edema, or pain after procedures was common; most studies did not report serious postprocedure complications. Importantly, there was no significant increase in adverse effects after same-day procedures.

CONCLUSION

Using same-day procedures allows practitioners to address hand rejuvenation from different aspects, seems to improve outcomes, and reduces time spent in the office for patients. The authors suggest a practical framework for combining cosmetic approaches to achieve the most optimal outcome for hand rejuvenation.

The Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light as a Treatment for Benign Pigmented Lesions on the Dorsal Hand

BACKGROUND

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a noninvasive therapeutic option to treat benign pigmented lesions by targeting melanin.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to assess IPL as a treatment for benign pigmented dorsal hand lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of fifteen subjects, 40 to 73 years old, received 3 monthly IPL treatments over the dorsal hands. Subjects followed up 1 and 3 months after treatment. At every visit, photographs were taken using the VISIA Complexion Analysis System (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) and analyzed using the RBX Brown Spots Analysis algorithm. The Clinician Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale were completed at both follow-up visits.

RESULTS

A total of fifteen subjects completed all six visits. The number of brown spots decreased 9.26% ( p = .0004) and 7.52% ( p = .0132) at each follow-up visit. The mean brown intensity decreased 6.15% ( p = .0183) and 7.67% ( p = .0178), whereas the mean contrast intensity decreased 8.88% ( p < .0001) and 6.60% ( p = .0007) 1 and 3 months after treatment, respectively. The mean Clinician Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was 2.03 and 2.23, whereas the mean Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale 1 and 3 months after treatment was 1.6 and 1.8, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Objective analysis, along with clinician and subject assessments, showed an improvement in the appearance of benign pigmented lesions in the treated area after 3 IPL treatments.

A Single-Center Pilot Study to Classify Signs of Dorsal Hand Aging Using 3 Grading Scales

Background

While validated scales must be created in order to systemically evaluate patients and quantify outcomes of aesthetic hand treatments, scales currently available are limited to the analysis of volume loss alone.

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to develop 3 validated scales for the assessment of dorsal hand aging that also take into consideration wrinkling and pigmentation.

Methods

Fifty (50) healthy volunteers (40 females and 10 males) with Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV were recruited, and standard photographs of their left and right dorsal hands were taken with a Nikon D7100 (Nikon; Minato, Tokyo, Japan) camera. Using 25 randomized photographs, 11 plastic surgery physicians (3 chief residents, 6 senior residents, and 2 aesthetic surgery fellows) were trained on the 3 scales under investigation as well as the already-validated Merz Hand Grading Scale (MHGS). The evaluators then viewed the remaining 75 photographs independently and assigned a grade for each of the 4 scales to each photograph. Inter-rater variability was calculated for each scale.

Results

The Kappa score for the MHGS was 0.25, indicating fair agreement; 0.40 for wrinkle scale, indicating fair agreement; and 0.48 and 0.46 for the pigmentation density and intensity scales, respectively, indicating moderate agreement (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results show that after receiving training, the inter-rater agreement for the 3 scales under investigation was similar or slightly higher than that for the MHGS. These 3 photographic classification systems can be used consistently and reliably to characterize multiple signs of dorsal hand aging.

Level of Evidence: 2