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Damon A, Lee SJ, Pichelmann M, Nottmeier E, CreveCoeur TS, Clifton W. International Learner Perceptions, Educational Value, and Cost Associated With the Use of Start-to-Finish Surgical Simulation Compared With Cadaveric Models. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:201-208. [PMID: 36637305 DOI: 10.1227/ons.0000000000000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graduate surgical education is highly variable across regions and institutions regarding case volume and degree of trainee participation in each case. Dedicated educational curriculum using cadaveric tissue has been shown to enhance graduate surgical training, however with associated financial and utility burden to the institution. OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of educational and cost applications of a novel method of combining mixed organic hydrogel polymers and 3-dimensional printed anatomic structures to create a complete "start-to-finish" simulation for resident education in spinal anatomy, instrumentation, and surgical techniques. METHODS This qualitative pilot study investigated 14 international participants on achievement of objective and personal learning goals in a standardized curriculum using biomimetic simulation compared with cadaveric tissue. A questionnaire was developed to examine trainee evaluation of individual anatomic components of the biomimetic simulators compared with previous experience with cadaveric tissue. RESULTS A total of 210 responses were acquired from 14 participants. Six participants originated from US residency education programs and 8 from transcontinental residency programs. Survey results for the simulation session revealed high user satisfaction. Score averages for each portion of the simulation session indicated learner validation of anatomic features for the simulation compared with previous cadaveric experience. Cost analysis resulted in an estimated savings of $10 833.00 for this single simulation session compared with previous cadaveric tissue sessions. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate a strong potential of establishing biomimetic simulation as a cost-effective and high-quality alternative to cadaveric tissue for the instruction of fundamental spine surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Damon
- Department of Education, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Seung Jin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mark Pichelmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Health Systems, Eau ClaiSre, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eric Nottmeier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Travis S CreveCoeur
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - William Clifton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Luo P, Shui X, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Liu J, Sun Y, Chang Y. A WeChat-based competency and performance checklist in basic surgical skills course for military medical academy undergraduates. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:858. [PMID: 36510300 PMCID: PMC9743517 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic surgical skills (BSS) is a key bridging course for medical students to acquire basic surgical maneuvers and practice animal surgery before clinical rotation, but the complexity of operational procedures and high demands on asepsis may lead to poor performance and frequent error during practice. The current study intended to improve BSS teaching outcomes by implementing smartphone app-based competency and performance checklists for medical academy undergraduates. METHODS WeChat-based checklists containing competency and performance modules were designed, distributed and collected via smartphone. One hundred seventy-six third-grade undergraduate cadets majoring in clinical medicine or anesthesiology were prospectively enrolled, with 92 set as study group and 84 as control group. Checklists were distributed for self-evaluation before and after each class throughout the semester of autumn 2021-2022. Student age, previous Grade Point Average (GPA), average grades of BSS (including grade-A rate and pass rate), operative time, error rate, and perioperative complications of intestinal anastomosis performed on Beagle dogs between the groups were compared to evaluate the efficacy of the checklists. RESULTS The students aged 20.2 ± 0.63 in Group A and 20.3 ± 0.92 in Group B (P = 0.15), with a previous GPA of 2.9 ± 0.61 vs. 2.87 ± 0.58 (P = 0.61). The average operative time on their final lesson of intestinal anastomosis was 192.3 ± 27.18 min vs. 213.8 ± 29.48 min (P < 0.001). All students passed in BSS course, with a final grade of 89.45 ± 4.360 in Group A and 86.64 ± 4.026 in Group B (P < 0.001), in which grade-A rate was 46.7% vs. 26.2% (P = 0.005). For perioperative comorbidities, 4/23 (17.4%) animals in Group A and 5/21 (23.8%) in Group B recorded wound dehiscence or other incision-related complications; no animals died in Group A, and 2 died in Group B due to hemorrhagic shock or sepsis. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of WeChat-based checklist is a reflection of improved quality of teaching in BSS course that may promote the students' competency and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Luo
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Medical Education - Surgery and Battlefield Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xianqi Shui
- Department of Medical Education - Surgery and Battlefield Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yamei Zhou
- Department of Medical Education - Surgery and Battlefield Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Department of Medical Education - Surgery and Battlefield Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Medical Education - Surgery and Battlefield Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Medical Education - Surgery and Battlefield Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yifan Chang
- Department of Medical Education - Surgery and Battlefield Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Nathan A, Fricker M, Georgi M, Patel S, Hang MK, Asif A, Sinha A, Mullins W, Shea J, Hanna N, Monks M, Peprah D, Sharma A, Ninkovic-Hall G, Lamb BW, Kelly J, Sridhar A, Collins JW. Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: A Parallel-group, Non-inferiority, Adjudicator-blinded, Randomised Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL). JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2022; 79:791-801. [PMID: 34857499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual classroom training (VCT) in comparison to face-to-face training (FFT) and non-interactive computer-based learning (CBL) for basic surgical skills training. DESIGN This was a parallel-group, non-inferiority, prospective randomised controlled trial with three intervention groups conducted in 2021. There were three intervention groups with allocation ratio 1:1:1. Outcome adjudicators were blinded to intervention assignment. Interventions consisted of 90-minute training sessions. VCT was delivered via the BARCO weConnect platform, FFT was provided in-person by expert instructors and CBL was carried out by participants independently. The primary outcome was post-intervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score, adjudicated by two experts and adjusted for baseline proficiency. The assessed task was to place three interrupted sutures with hand-tied knots. SETTING This multicentre study recruited from five medical schools in London. PARTICIPANTS Inclusion criteria were medical student status and access to a personal computer and smartphone. One hundred fifty-nine eligible individuals applied online. Seventy-two participants were randomly selected and stratified by subjective and objective suturing experience prior to permuted block randomization. RESULTS Twenty-four participants were allocated to each intervention, all were analysed per-protocol. The sample was 65.3% female with mean age 21.3 (SD 2.1). VCT was non-inferior to FFT (adjusted difference 0.44, 95% CI: -0.54 to 1.75, delta 0.675), VCT was superior to CBL (adjusted difference 1.69, 95% CI: 0.41-2.96) and FFT was superior to CBL (adjusted difference 1.25, 95% CI: 0.20-2.29). The costs per-attendee associated with VCT, FFT and CBL were £22.15, £39.69 and £16.33 respectively. Instructor hours used per student for VCT and FFT were 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. CONCLUSIONS VCT provides greater accessibility and resource efficiency compared to FFT, with similar educational benefit. VCT has the potential to improve global availability and accessibility of surgical skills training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Nathan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Monty Fricker
- School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Georgi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonam Patel
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Man Kien Hang
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aqua Asif
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amil Sinha
- School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William Mullins
- School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessie Shea
- School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Hanna
- School of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Monks
- Department of Surgery, North Middlesex University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Peprah
- Department of Surgery, North Middlesex University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Akash Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Ninkovic-Hall
- Department of Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin W Lamb
- Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Kelly
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Sridhar
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin W Collins
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bedada AG, Hsiao M, Chilisa U, Yarranton B, Chinyepi N, Azzie G. Surgical Simulation Training for Medical Students: Strategies and Implications in Botswana. World J Surg 2022; 46:1637-1642. [PMID: 35347389 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-022-06529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of simulation in teaching technical skills to medical students is not yet well defined. Strategies for its use may be especially relevant where teachers, time, and resources are limited, especially in low-middle-income countries. METHODS Sixty-seven third-year and 67 fifth-year medical students at the University of Botswana were taught surgical skills by a trained peer medical student, a medical officer with no specialty training or a staff surgeon. Pre- and post-intervention performance of two basic tasks (simple interrupted suture (SIS) and laparoscopic peg transfer (LPT)) and one complex task (laparoscopic intracorporeal suture (LIS)) were assessed. Subjective measures of self-perceived performance, preparedness for internship, and interest in surgery were also measured. RESULTS The simulation program decreased the time to complete the two basic tasks and improved the objective score for the complex task. Performance of the basic skills improved regardless of the seniority of the instructor while performance of the advanced skill improved more when taught by a staff surgeon. All students had similar improvements in their self-reported confidence to perform the skills, preparedness to assist in an operation and preparedness for internship, regardless of the seniority of their instructor. Students taught by a staff surgeon felt better prepared to assist in laparoscopic procedures. CONCLUSION Simulation-based teaching of defined surgical skills can be effectively conducted by peers and near-peers. The implications are widespread and may be most relevant where time and resources are limited, and where experienced teachers are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Corner of Notwane and Mobuto Road, Pvt Bag UB, 00713, Gaborone, Botswana. .,Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Marvin Hsiao
- Division of General Surgery, Royal Columbian Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Unami Chilisa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Corner of Notwane and Mobuto Road, Pvt Bag UB, 00713, Gaborone, Botswana.,Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Brianne Yarranton
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nkhabe Chinyepi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Corner of Notwane and Mobuto Road, Pvt Bag UB, 00713, Gaborone, Botswana.,Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Georges Azzie
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Nathan A, Fricker M, Patel S, Georgi M, Hang MK, Asif A, Sinha A, Mullins W, Shea J, Hanna N, Lamb B, Kelly J, Sridhar A, Collins J. Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: Protocol for a Parallel-Group, Noninferiority, Adjudicator-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e28671. [PMID: 34292162 PMCID: PMC8367109 DOI: 10.2196/28671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional face-to-face training (FFT) for basic surgical skills is inaccessible and resource-intensive. Noninteractive computer-based learning is more economical but less educationally beneficial. Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel method that permits distanced interactive expert instruction. VCT may optimize resources and increase accessibility. Objective We aim to investigate whether VCT is superior to computer-based learning and noninferior to FFT in improving proficiency in basic surgical skills. Methods This is a protocol for a parallel-group, noninferiority, randomized controlled trial. A sample of 72 undergraduates will be recruited from 5 medical schools in London. Participants will be stratified by subjective and objective suturing experience level and allocated to 3 intervention groups at a 1:1:1 ratio. VCT will be delivered using the BARCO weConnect software, and FFT will be provided by expert instructors. Optimal student-to-teacher ratios of 12:1 for VCT and 4:1 for FFT will be maintained. The assessed task will be interrupted suturing with hand-tied knots. Results The primary outcome will be the postintervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills score, adjudicated by 2 experts blinded to the study and adjusted for baseline proficiency. The noninferiority margin (δ) will be defined using historical data. Conclusions This study will serve as a comprehensive appraisal of the suitability of virtual basic surgical skills classroom training as an alternative to FFT. Our findings will assist the development and implementation of further resource-efficient, accessible, virtual basic surgical skills training programs during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the future. Trial Registration International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN12448098; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12448098 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/28671
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Nathan
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sonam Patel
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Georgi
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aqua Asif
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amil Sinha
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jessie Shea
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy Hanna
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Lamb
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Kelly
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gonzalez-Navarro AR, Quiroga-Garza A, Acosta-Luna AS, Salinas-Alvarez Y, Martinez-Garza JH, de la Garza-Castro O, Gutierrez-de la O J, de la Fuente-Villarreal D, Elizondo-Omaña RE, Guzman-Lopez S. Comparison of suturing models: the effect on perception of basic surgical skills. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:250. [PMID: 33933058 PMCID: PMC8088011 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquisition of Basic Surgical Skills (BSS) are essential for medical students. The objective was to determine it's fidelity impact. METHODS Using four suturing models (SM) (pigskin, sponge, commercial pad, and orange), SM-quality and student-SM interaction were evaluated. After a 1-h class, participants were divided into groups and randomly assigned exercises in SM in 15-min intervals. The experiment included completing three individual simple stitches and a 3-stitch continuous suture in each SM. RESULTS Eighty-two medical students participated. Suturing quality was better in pigskin and sponge, which were also the preferred models (p < 0.001). Significant differences in quality between the insertion and exit point, and firmness of knots (p < 0.05) in both simple and continuous sutures, as well as between length and distance in continuous ones (p < 0.001) were identified. CONCLUSIONS Acquisition and quality of BSS are influenced by the intrinsic characteristics of SM. An adequate degree of resistance, consistency, and elasticity are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rafael Gonzalez-Navarro
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Quiroga-Garza
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación de Nuevo Leon, General Surgery, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Adriana Sharai Acosta-Luna
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Salinas-Alvarez
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Javier Humberto Martinez-Garza
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oscar de la Garza-Castro
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-de la O
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - David de la Fuente-Villarreal
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Enrique Elizondo-Omaña
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Santos Guzman-Lopez
- Departamento de Anatomia Humana. Francisco I. Madero and Jose E. Gonzalez sin número, Colonia Mitras Centro Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Yin Mar Oo, Nataraja RM. The application of simulation-based medical education in low- and middle-income countries; the Myanmar experience. Semin Pediatr Surg 2020; 29:150910. [PMID: 32423594 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2020.150910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Simulation-based medical education (SBME) has become a routine part of practice in many disciplines including paediatric surgery. There is an evolving evidence base of its benefits both for surgical education, training and also patient education in high-income countries (HICs) but not in the low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting. The advantages are hypothesised to be the same in both of these settings, although our experience is that they may be increased. In this article we describe the various modalities of SBME that maybe utilised in a LMIC in South East Asia. The various tips for the establishment of a successful simulation-based paediatric surgical programme and the potential pitfall that should be avoided are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Mar Oo
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Yangon Children's Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - R M Nataraja
- Department of Paediatric Surgery & Surgical Simulation, Monash Children's Hospital, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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