Pseudoaneurysm after spontaneous rupture of renal angiomyolipoma in tuberous sclerosis: successful treatment with percutaneous thrombin injection

An update on recent developments in rupture of renal angiomyolipoma

BACKGROUND

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign tumor of the kidney. The main complication of AML is retroperitoneal hemorrhage caused by AML rupture, which can be severe and life threatening. The risk of AML rupture used to be determined by tumor size. However, these criteria have been challenged by series of clinical studies and case reports, suggesting prediction AML rupture based on tumor size is not always reliable.

METHODS

The authors searched PubMed using "angiomyolipoma," "AML," and "rupture" and reviewed relevant studies. The authors investigated the risk factors of AML rupture using the retrieved literature. The authors also summarized current modalities to evaluate and manage AML.

RESULTS

It is established that risk of AML rupture is associated with lesion size. However, genetic abnormality, aneurysm formation, and pregnancy are also risk factors for tumor rupture. Thus, the prediction of AML rupture should be based on a more comprehensive risk assessment system. The management of renal AML and tumor rupture was also discussed in the present paper.

CONCLUSION

The risk of AML rupture is associated with but not exclusive to lesion size. Any decision to intervene AML must be based on multiple factors including risk, symptoms, and auxiliary findings.

Renal Angiomyolipoma: Radiologic Classification and Imaging Features According to the Amount of Fat

OBJECTIVE

The purposes of this article are to introduce the radiologic classifications of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) and the clinical implications, to show the imaging features of each type of AML, and to describe which types of AML should be biopsied.

CONCLUSION

Renal AML can be classified according to amount of fat as fat rich, fat poor, or fat invisible. To detect fat, one needs to thoroughly evaluate the entire AML by controlling the size and shape of the ROI. Fat-invisible AML should be biopsied, and fat-poor AML requires further investigation to determine whether biopsy is necessary to differentiate it from renal cell carcinoma. If differentiation between AML and renal cell carcinoma is not clear with CT and MRI, percutaneous biopsy may be performed.

Endovascular Treatment of a Renal Artery Branch Aneurysm

A 58-year-old woman was admitted to our institution because of a left renal artery branch saccular aneurysm with a 2 cm diameter. Due to a hostile abdomen and the infrarenal location, an endovascular approach was chosen. A Jostent Peripheral Stent-Graft was placed under angiographic control, excluding the aneurysm from the circulation. No peri- or postprocedural complications were observed. At 6 months follow-up, the endograft is patent, excluding the aneurysm. Endovascular treatment may represent an alternative to surgery, especially in the distal infraparenchymal location.

Percutaneous treatment of a ruptured superior mesenteric artery aneurysm in a child

Splanchnic artery aneurysms are very rare in children. We report a 10-year-old girl with a large atraumatic ruptured superior mesenteric artery aneurysm that was considered inoperable. She was ultimately treated with two percutaneous US-guided thrombin injections, which led to complete occlusion of the aneurysm. The aetiology of the aneurysm remained unclear, but a family history was suggestive of a congenital connective tissue disease such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome subtype IV.