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Carini M, Fredi M, Cavazzana I, Bresciani R, Ferrari F, Monti E, Franceschini F, Biasiotto G. Frequency Evaluation of the Interleukin-6 -174G>C Polymorphism and Homeostatic Iron Regulator (HFE) Mutations as Disease Modifiers in Patients Affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16300. [PMID: 38003490 PMCID: PMC10671518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are generally characterized by a multifactorial etiology and are often associated with a genetic predisposition. Both iron metabolism and the inflammatory cytokine system have been shown to play a pivotal role in the dysregulation of the immune response in many different autoimmune conditions, rheumatologic diseases included. The purpose of this work was to analyze the frequency of mutations altering the expression of IL-6 or influencing iron metabolism in patients affected by autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). In this study, 144 patients were enrolled: 77 and 67 patients were affected by RA and SLE, respectively. In these cohorts, the frequency of the IL-6 polymorphism -174G>C located in the IL-6 gene promoter was tested. Moreover, the frequencies of the three HFE gene variations associated with iron overload were analyzed: p.His63Asp, p.Ser65Cys and p.Cys282Tyr. The two mutations p.His63Asp and p.Ser65Cys in the HFE gene did not reach statistical significance in any of the comparisons, regardless of the statistical model, cohorts of patients and control populations analyzed. The frequencies of the p.Cys282Tyr mutation and the IL-6 polymorphism -174G>C were found to be overall significantly decreased in RA and SLE patients when the Dominant model and Allele contrast were adopted with both the Odds Ratio and Chi-square. Although further investigation is needed, the examination of the frequencies of the -174G>C IL-6 promoter polymorphism and HFE mutations may add some valuable information on the interplay linking iron metabolism, inflammation and immunity in autoimmune diseases such as SLE and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Carini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Highly Specialized Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Micaela Fredi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.F.); (F.F.)
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Cavazzana
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bresciani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Highly Specialized Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ferrari
- Pediatrics, Mother’s and Baby’s Health Department, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital Insitute, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.F.); (F.F.)
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Biasiotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.C.); (R.B.); (E.M.)
- Highly Specialized Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Frota LAA, Santos NC, Ferreira GP, da Silva FRP, Pereira ACTDC. What is the association between the IL6-174 G > C (rs1800795) polymorphism and the risk of dengue? Evidence from a meta-analysis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 91:104778. [PMID: 33662586 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The association of polymorphisms in genes responsible for immunological mediators with dengue allows the identification of certain genetic alterations that increase or decrease the development risk of the disease. A few number of studies that correlate the interleukin 6-174 G > C (IL6-174 G > C) polymorphism (rs1800795) with dengue. However, there is an inconsistency on the polymorphism influence on the disease which motivated this meta-analysis. So, this study aimed to evaluate the rs1800795 polymorphism with protection or susceptibility for development of dengue. A search of the literature was performed for studies published before 05 September 2020 in various databases. Calculations of Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% of Confidence Intervals (CI) and heterogeneity (I2) were assessed and publication bias was done by Begg' and Egger's test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered as significant. As results, five case-control studies were identified and included in the results. The analysis showed that the heterozygous genotype has a protective role against dengue without warning signs (DWOS) (OR = 0.57, p = 0.001), as well as the polymorphic C allele (OR = 0.77, p = 0.04). When unifying the data from the included studies, the GG genotype was more prevalent among individuals with dengue with warning signs (DWWS) when compared to the control group (p = 0.0221). GC genotype was more prevalent in the control group than in the DWWS group (p = 0.0119). Therefore, in our study we observed that the GC genotype and the C allele have a protective role against DWOS. Since this polymorphism is associated with low IL-6 expression, thus it is expected that there will be a decreased pro-inflammatory response. However, more studies regarding this thematic are necessary to have a consensus about this polymorphism and dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lineker Alberto Araújo Frota
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Naiany Carvalho Santos
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos - BIOMIC, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro Reis Velloso, CEP 64202-020, Parnaíba - PI, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Portela Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos - BIOMIC, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro Reis Velloso, CEP 64202-020, Parnaíba - PI, Brasil
| | | | - Anna Carolina Toledo da Cunha Pereira
- Laboratory of Biology of Microorganisms, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Laboratório de Biologia de Microrganismos - BIOMIC, Av. São Sebastião, 2819, Bairro Reis Velloso, CEP 64202-020, Parnaíba - PI, Brasil.
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