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Macdonald B, Wang FW, Tobelmann B, Wang J, Landini J, Gunaratne N, Kovac J, Miller T, Mosurkal R, Tuteja A. Design of Abrasion-Resistant, Long-Lasting Antifog Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38440984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Fog formation is a common challenge for numerous applications, such as food packaging, mirrors, building windows, and freezer/refrigerator doors. Most notably, fog forms on the inner surfaces of prescription glasses and safety eyewear (particularly when used with a mask), face shields, and helmet lenses. Fogging is caused by the distortion of light from condensed water droplets present on a surface and can typically be prevented if the surface static water contact angle (θ) is less than ∼40°. Such a low contact angle can be readily achieved by either increasing the substrate surface energy or by engineering surface nanotexture. Unfortunately, such nanotexture can be readily damaged with use, while high surface energy substrates get covered with low surface energy foulants over time. Consequently, even with numerous ephemeral antifog coatings, currently there are no commercially available, durable, and permanent antifog coatings. Here we discuss the development of a new class of high-performance antifog coatings that are abrasion-resistant and long-lasting. These polyvinylpyrrolidone-based coatings, designed based on the classical Ratner-Lancaster wear model, dramatically outperform the base polymer, as well as all tested commercially available antifog coatings. Specifically, these coatings exhibit a > 400% increase in fogging time compared to base polymer, a > 50,000% increase in wear resistance, and excellent long-term antifog performance. The developed coatings also significantly outperformed all tested commercially available antifog coatings in terms of their antifog performance, wear resistance, and long-term cyclical performance. Additionally, the key design strategies employed here─incorporation of toughening agents and hydrophilic slip additives─offer a new approach to developing high-performance, durable antifog coatings based on other well-known antifog polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Macdonald
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Fan-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Brian Tobelmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jason Landini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nipuli Gunaratne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Joseph Kovac
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Todd Miller
- Protection Materials Division, Soldier Protection Directorate, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Ravi Mosurkal
- Protection Materials Division, Soldier Protection Directorate, US Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, 15 General Greene Avenue, Natick, Massachusetts 01760, United States
| | - Anish Tuteja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Türk S. Characterization of chitosan/polyethylenimine film layer as a novel anti‐fog coating surface. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serbülent Türk
- Biomedical, Magnetic and Semi Conductive Materials Research Center (BIMAS‐RC) Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
- Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, Enzyme Technology, Nano & Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications and Sustainably Research & Development Group Sakarya Turkey
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Hsu WJ, Huang PS, Huang YC, Hu SW, Tsao HK, Kang DY. Zeolite-Based Antifogging Coating via Direct Wet Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2538-2546. [PMID: 30673290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites are strongly hydrophilic materials that are widely used as water adsorbents. They are also promising candidates for antifogging coatings; however, researchers have yet to devise a suitable method for coating glass substrates with zeolite-based films. Here, we report on a direct wet deposition technique that is capable of casting zeolite films on glass substrates without exposing the glass to highly basic solutions or the vapors used in zeolite synthesis. We began by preparing cast solutions of pure silica zeolite MFI synthesized in hydrothermal reactions of various durations. The solutions were then applied to glass substrates via spin-on deposition to form zeolite films. The resulting zeolite MFI thin films were characterized in terms of transmittance to visible light, surface topography, thin film morphology, and crystallinity. Wetting and antifogging properties were also probed. We found that hydrophilicity and antifogging capability increased with the degree of thin film crystallinity. We also determined that the presence of the amorphous silica in the thin films is critical to transparency. Fabricating high-performance zeolite-based antifogging coatings requires an appropriate composition of zeolite crystals and amorphous silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Sun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ssu-Wei Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , National Central University , Taoyuan 32001 , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Kwong Tsao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , National Central University , Taoyuan 32001 , Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dun-Yen Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan, ROC
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Water drop-surface interactions as the basis for the design of anti-fogging surfaces: Theory, practice, and applications trends. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 263:68-94. [PMID: 30521982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glass- and polymer-based materials have become essential in the fabrication of a multitude of elements, including eyeglasses, automobile windshields, bathroom mirrors, greenhouses, and food packages, which unfortunately mist up under typical operating conditions. Far from being an innocuous phenomenon, the formation of minute water drops on the surface is detrimental to their optical properties (e.g., light-transmitting capability) and, in many cases, results in esthetical, hygienic, and safety concerns. In this context, it is therefore not surprising that research in the field of fog-resistant surfaces is gaining in popularity, particularly in recent years, in view of the growing number of studies focusing on this topic. This review addresses the most relevant advances released thus far on anti-fogging surfaces, with a particular focus on coating deposition, surface micro/nanostructuring, and surface functionalization. A brief explanation of how surfaces fog up and the main issues of interest linked to fogging phenomenon, including common problems, anti-fogging strategies, and wetting states are first presented. Anti-fogging mechanisms are then discussed in terms of the morphology of water drops, continuing with a description of the main fabrication techniques toward anti-fogging property. This review concludes with the current and the future perspectives on the utility of anti-fogging surfaces for several applications and some remaining challenges in this field.
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