1
|
Swain S, Panda J, Swain B, Samal D, Swain J, Priyadarshini A, Sahu R. In Situ Polymerization of Polyaniline on Natural Fibers for Effective Lead Ion Removal from Aqueous Solutions. Chempluschem 2025:e2500069. [PMID: 40178498 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
The contamination of water with heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb2 +), has become a critical environmental and public health issue due to increasing industrialization and urbanization. Lead pollution has contributed to severe health problems, impacting over 10,000 people in recent years. In response to this growing concern, a composite material, PANI@NF, is developed by integrating polyaniline (PANI) with agrowaste fibers from date palm leaves, palm leaves, and korai grass. Among the tested composites, PANI@P20% demonstrates outstanding performance, achieving 96.2% lead removal and a sorption capacity of 24.1 mg g-1 under optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 0.01 g adsorbent, 50 ppm Pb2 +, 298 K). The adsorption process for PANI@P20% follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and conforms well to the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Zeta potential analysis further confirms favorable surface charge interactions at pH 6.0. Additionally, this composite exhibits excellent reusability, maintaining high efficiency over eight adsorption-desorption cycles. This work underscores the potential of using low-cost, biodegradable natural fibers as sustainable adsorbents for effective lead removal, offering a promising solution for water treatment and environmental preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Future Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jagannath Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Future Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Bebina Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Future Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Debadutta Samal
- Department of Chemistry, Future Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jaykishon Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Future Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Anulipsa Priyadarshini
- Department of Chemistry, Future Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Rojalin Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Future Materials Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anisimov YA, Yang H, Kwon J, Cree DE, Wilson LD. Chitosan-Polyaniline (Bio)Polymer Hybrids by Two Pathways: A Tale of Two Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2663. [PMID: 39339127 PMCID: PMC11435797 DOI: 10.3390/polym16182663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research highlights the potential of polyaniline-based biocomposites as unique adsorbents for humidity sensors. This study examines several preparative routes for creating polyaniline (PANI) and chitosan (CHT) composites: Type 1-in situ polymerization of aniline with CHT; Type 2-molecular association in acidic aqueous media; and a control, Type 3-physical mixing of PANI and CHT powders (without solvent). The study aims to differentiate the bonding nature (covalent vs. noncovalent) within these composites, which posits that noncovalent composites should exhibit similar physicochemical properties regardless of the preparative route. The results indicate that Type 1 composites display features consistent with covalent and hydrogen bonding, which result in reduced water swelling versus Type 2 and 3 composites. These findings align with spectral and thermogravimetric data, suggesting more compact structure for Type 1 materials. Dye adsorption studies corroborate the unique properties for Type 1 composites, and 1H NMR results confirm the role of covalent bonding for the in situ polymerized samples. The structural stability adopts the following trend: Type 1 (covalent and noncovalent) > Type 2 (possible trace covalent and mainly noncovalent) > Type 3 (noncovalent). Types 2 and 3 are anticipated to differ based on solvent-driven complex formation. This study provides greater understanding of structure-function relationships in PANI-biopolymer composites and highlights the role of CHT as a template that involves variable (non)covalent contributions with PANI, according to the mode of preparation. The formation of composites with tailored bonding modalities will contribute to the design of improved adsorbent materials for environmental remediation to versatile humidity sensor systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy A. Anisimov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M6, Canada;
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Johnny Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Duncan E. Cree
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lee D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ekapakul N, Lerdwiriyanupap T, Siritanon T, Choochottiros C. Double network structure via ionic bond and covalent bond of carboxymethyl chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol): Factors affecting hydrogel formation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121130. [PMID: 37479459 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The factors were studied that affect the formation of DN hydrogel, which was prepared using a water-based, environmental-friendly system. The DN hydrogel was designed and prepared based on a cross-linked, polysaccharide-based, polymer carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) via an ionic crosslinking reaction for the first network structure. UV irradiation created a radical crosslinking reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) from a double bond at the chain end for the second network structure. It was found that the optimum hydrogel was produced using 9.5 %v/v of 1000PEGGMA, CMCS 5%w/v, and CaCl2 3%w/v. The results showed the highest percentage of the gel fraction was 87.84 % and the hydrogel was stable based on its rheological properties. Factors affecting the hydrogel formation were the concentration and molecular weight of PEGGMA and the concentrations of CMCS and calcium chloride (CaCl2). The DN hydrogel had bioactivity due to its octacalcium phosphate (OCP) hydroxyapatite crystal form. In addition, the composite DN scaffold with a conductive polymer of chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CS-g-PANI) had conduction of 2.33 × 10-5 S/cm when the concentration of CS-g-PANI was 3 mg/ml, confirming the semi-conductive nature of the material. All the results indicated that DN hydrogel could be a candidate to apply in tissue-engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natjaya Ekapakul
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Tharit Lerdwiriyanupap
- School of Chemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Theeranun Siritanon
- School of Chemistry, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chantiga Choochottiros
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du P, Wang J, Hsu YI, Uyama H. Bio-Inspired Homogeneous Conductive Hydrogel with Flexibility and Adhesiveness for Information Transmission and Sign Language Recognition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23711-23724. [PMID: 37145870 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The wearable electronic technique is increasingly becoming an effective approach to overcoming the communication obstacles between signers and non-signers. However, the efficacy of conducting hydrogels currently proposed as flexible sensor devices is hindered by their poor processability and matrix mismatch, which frequently results in adhesion failure at the combined interfaces and deterioration of mechanical and electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose a hydrogel composed of a rigid matrix in which the hydrophobic and aggregated polyaniline was homogeneously embedded, while quaternate-functionalized nucleobase moieties endowed the flexible network with adhesiveness. Accordingly, the resulting hydrogel with chitosan-graft-polyaniline (chi-g-PANI) copolymers exhibited a promising conductivity (4.8 S·m-1) because of the uniformly dispersed polyaniline components and a high strain strength (0.84 MPa) because of the chain entanglement of chitosan after soaking. In addition, the modified adenine molecules not only realized synchronization in improving the stretchability (up to 1303%) and exhibiting a skin-like elastic modulus (≈184 kPa), but also provided a durable interfacial contact with various materials. The hydrogel was further fabricated into a strain-monitoring sensor for information encryption and sign language transmission based on its sensing stability and strain sensitivity of up to 2.77. The developed wearable sign language interpreting system provides an innovative strategy to assist auditory or speech-impaired people in communicating with non-signers using visual-gestural patterns including body movements and facial expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu W, Lou T, Wang X. Enhanced dye adsorption with conductive polyaniline doped chitosan nanofibrous membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124711. [PMID: 37148947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyaniline is widely used in the field of electrochemistry due to its excellent electrical conductivity. However, its effectiveness and mechanism of enhancing adsorption property are unclear. Herein, chitosan/polyaniline nanofibrous composite membranes with average diameter ranging from 200 to 300 nm were fabricated by electrospinning technology. The as-prepared nanofibrous membranes exhibited significantly improved adsorption capacity of 814.9 mg/g and 618.0 mg/g towards acid blue 113 and reactive orange dyes, which were 121.8 % and 99.4 % higher than that of pure chitosan membrane. The doped polyaniline promoted the dye transfer rate and capacity due to the enhanced conductivity of the composite membrane. Kinetic data showed that chemisorption was the rate-limiting step, and thermodynamic data indicated the adsorption of the two anionic dyes was spontaneous monolayer adsorption. This study provides a feasible strategy to introduce conductive polymer into adsorbent to construct high performance adsorbents for wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Liu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Lou
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuejun Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|