Low-molar-mass and oligomeric derivatives of carbazole and triphenylamine containing thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole moieties

In-vitro and in-silico assessment of thiazole-thiazolidinone derivatives as selective inhibitors of urease and α-glucosidase

AIMS

Current research work aims to synthesize hybrid compounds with a thiazole-thiazolidinone structure, as potent inhibitors of urease and α-glucosidase enzymes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

These compounds were characterize through1HNMR,13CNMR and HREI-MS techniques. These compounds were also evaluated for their potential to inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzymes for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and diabetes treatments. Moreover, molecular docking and ADMET analysis was carried out to confirm biological outcomes.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Compounds-4 (IC50 = 1.80 ± 0.80 and 3.61 ± 0.59 μM against urease and α-glucosidase, respectively) exhibited significant effectiveness in inhibiting the activity of both enzymes in comparison to the conventional inhibitors thiourea and acarbose. Molecular docking experiments showed that potent compounds exhibited favorable binding orientations in the active sites of urease and α-glucosidase playing a pivotal role in inhibition profile of these compounds. These compounds were also investigated for their drug likeness and were found with desirable attributes for pharmaceutical development. Based on the findings of this research, these compounds have the potential to be developed into effective anti-diabetic and anti-urease treatments in the future.

Enhancement of Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Hole-Selective Layers of Rationally Designed Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole Derivatives

We introduce thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TT)-based derivatives featuring carbazole, phenothiazine, or triphenylamine donor units as hole-selective materials to enhance the performance of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optoelectronic properties of the materials underwent thorough evaluation and were substantially fine-tuned through deliberate molecular design. Time-of-flight hole mobility TTs ranged from 4.33 × 10-5 to 1.63 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 (at an electric field of 1.6 × 105 V cm-1). Their ionization potentials ranged from -4.93 to -5.59 eV. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it has been demonstrated that S0 → S1 transitions in TTs with carbazolyl or ditert-butyl-phenothiazinyl substituents are characterized by local excitation (LE). Mixed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and LE occurred for compounds containing ditert-butyl carbazolyl-, dimethoxy carbazolyl-, or alkoxy-substituted triphenylamino donor moieties. The selected derivatives of TT were used for the preparation of hole-selective layers (HSL) in PSC with the structure of glass/ITO/HSLs/Cs0.18FA0.82Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3/PEAI/PC61BM/BCP/Ag. The alkoxy-substituted triphenylamino containing TT (TTP-DPA) has been demonstrated to be an effective material for HSL. Its layer also functioned well as an interlayer, improving the surface of control HSL_2PACz (i.e., reducing the surface energy of 2PACz from 66.9 to 52.4 mN m-1), thus enabling precise control over perovskite growth energy level alignment and carrier extraction/transportation at the hole-selecting contact of PSCs. 2PACz/TTP-DPA-based devices showed an optimized performance of 19.1 and 37.0% under 1-sun and 3000 K LED (1000 lx) illuminations, respectively. These values represent improvements over those achieved by bare 2PACz-based devices, which attained efficiencies of 17.4 and 32.2%, respectively. These findings highlight the promising potential of TTs for the enhancement of the efficiencies of PSCs.