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Doescher J, Meyer M, Arolt C, Quaas A, Klußmann JP, Wolber P, Bankfalvi A, Schildhaus HU, Bastian T, Lang S, Laban S, Schuler PJ, Brunner C, Hoffmann TK, Weissinger SE. Patterns of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061383. [PMID: 35326536 PMCID: PMC8946094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with late occurring metastases and recurrences, which makes it necessary for patients to be monitored closely even beyond the usual five years. So far, there is hardly any effective treatment in the palliative situation and trials on immunotherapeutic drugs have not been successful. We sought to find possible prognostic markers by analyzing patterns of tumor infiltrating immune cells and additionally to learn more about possible reasons for this lack of response to immunotherapy. It appears from our data that it is not relevant for prognosis if the tumor is infiltrated by immune cells. This might also be the reason that immunotherapies do not work in this particular disease, which suggests that ACC is not recognized by infiltrating immune cells. Therefore, the tumor would have to be made visible to the immune system, for example, through vaccinations. Abstract Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy in the head and neck. The prognosis remains poor and late recurrences often occur after 5 years and later. To date, there are no reliable prognostic markers for ACC. In several solid tumors, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are associated with improved survival. This study aims to investigate the role of distribution patterns of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIL) in ACC. A cohort of 50 patients from three different cancer centers was available for analysis. Sections were stained for CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20 and evaluated with regard to their distribution of TIL. Patterns were determined as infiltrated-excluded, infiltrated-inflamed and presence of tertiary lymphoid structures. About half of the cases showed an infiltrated-excluded TIL pattern and only a minority of six cases had TLS present within the tumor. Within the inflamed phenotype CD3+ cells were by far the most abundant lymphocyte subtype, and within this compartment, CD8+ T cells were predominant. There was no influence on overall or disease-free survival by any of the TIL patterns. This indicates that ACC is a tumor with very low immunogenicity and even abundance of lymphocytes does not seem to improve prognosis for this disease. Therefore, the observed lack of response towards immunotherapy is not surprising and other methods to induce recognition of ACC by the immune system must be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Doescher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.L.); (P.J.S.); (C.B.); (T.K.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Moritz Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.); (T.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Christoph Arolt
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50973 Cologne, Germany; (C.A.); (A.Q.)
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50973 Cologne, Germany; (C.A.); (A.Q.)
| | - Jens Peter Klußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Philipp Wolber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schildhaus
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.B.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Tobias Bastian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.); (T.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.M.); (T.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.L.); (P.J.S.); (C.B.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.L.); (P.J.S.); (C.B.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.L.); (P.J.S.); (C.B.); (T.K.H.)
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.L.); (P.J.S.); (C.B.); (T.K.H.)
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Zadka Ł, Chrabaszcz K, Buzalewicz I, Wiercigroch E, Glatzel-Plucińska N, Szleszkowski Ł, Gomułkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Kurnol K, Dzięgiel P, Jurek T, Malek K. Molecular profiling of the intestinal mucosa and immune cells of the colon by multi-parametric histological techniques. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11309. [PMID: 34050214 PMCID: PMC8163794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the post-mortem interval (PMI) on the optical molecular characteristics of the colonic mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) were examined by multi-parametric measurements techniques. Inflammatory cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining. Molecular parameters were estimated using the Raman spectroscopy (RS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging. The 3D refractive index (3D-RI) distributions of samples were determined using the digital holographic tomography. The distribution of immune cells between post-mortem (PM) and normal controls did show significant differences for CD4 (P = 0.0016) or CD8 (P < 0.0001), whose expression level was decreased in PM cases. No association was found between individual PMI values and inflammatory cell distribution. However, there was a tendency for a negative correlation between CD4+ cells and PMI (r = - 0.542, P = 0.032). The alterations ongoing in post-mortem tissue may suggest that PMI has a suppressive effect on the effector properties of the cell-mediated immunity. Moreover, it was confirmed that spectroscopic and digital holotomographic histology are also a useful technique for characterization of the differences in inflammation of varying intensity and in GALT imaging in a solid tissue. Anatomical location of immune cells and methods of tissue fixation determine the molecular and optical parameters of the examined cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zadka
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XHistology and Embryology Division, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Chrabaszcz
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Igor Buzalewicz
- grid.7005.20000 0000 9805 3178Bio-Optics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego St., 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wiercigroch
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Glatzel-Plucińska
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XHistology and Embryology Division, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szleszkowski
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Medicine Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomułkiewicz
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XHistology and Embryology Division, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XHistology and Embryology Division, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurnol
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XHistology and Embryology Division, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland ,grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XHistology and Embryology Division, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jurek
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Medicine Unit, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Sun H, Wang Y, Jing HY, Yang XY, Shi XX, Zhang JH, Yu YX, Gao L, Wang XY, Li WH, Yu L. Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 Subunit 6A Is a Prognostic Potential Biomarker That Correlates With the Presence of Immune Infiltrates in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:629856. [PMID: 34017352 PMCID: PMC8129517 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.629856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit (CCT) 6A is an oncogenic 6th subunit of the CCT family. Nevertheless, not much is documented regarding its function in colorectal cancer (COAD). This investigation seeks to explore the role of CCT6A in the prognosis of COAD. Main Methods Sequencing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) were employed to analyze the expression of CCT6A and its involvement in various regulatory networks behind COAD. Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) analyzed Levels of expression and survival rates, while GEPIA was used to uncover further the functional networks that involved CCT6A. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools were used to interpret Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Evaluation of the expression levels of CCT6A in COAD samples was also verified via immunohistochemistry. Key Findings We found that the expression of CCT6A is up-regulated in COAD. CCT6A correlated with poor prognosis and decreased immune infiltrates such as CD4+ T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. CCT6A is increased in COAD patients. CCT6A is associated with several gene networks related to the DDX family and mismatch repair pathways. Significance Our data showed that data mining was able to uncover data regarding levels of CCT6A and its involvement in genetic regulating pathways in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Pharmaceutical Experiment Teaching Center, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao-Yu Jing
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Xiu Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan-Xiu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wan-Hong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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von Hardenberg J, Hartmann S, Nitschke K, Worst TS, Ting S, Reis H, Nuhn P, Weis CA, Erben P. Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Status and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Hot Spots of Primary and Liver Metastases in Prostate Cancer With Neuroendocrine Differentiation. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:145-153.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jeske SS, Weissinger SE, Veit JA, Brunner C, Huber U, Theodoraki MN, Hoffmann TK, Schuler PJ, Doescher J. Treatment-induced changes of lymphocyte subsets in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:1465-1473. [PMID: 30815724 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck is a rare and highly malignant tumor, characterized by perineural growth and early distant metastases. The composition of immune cells in the peripheral blood and the tumor microenvironment is critical to tumor growth and control. However, little is known about the frequency and function of the relevant immune cell subsets in this entity. METHODS In ACC patients (n = 11) and matched healthy donors (n = 11), the frequency of peripheral blood T and B cells was measured by flow cytometry at different treatment stages of disease (24 samples). Cells were further characterized by their expression of CCR7, PD-1, CD39 and CD73. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for ten patients and for three patients by flow cytometry. RESULTS CD4+ T cells had significantly lower frequency after radiotherapy (RT). All other cell frequencies, including Treg, were stable through course of the disease. In B cells, CD73 was reduced after RT. CCR7 expression on T and B cells in patients with relapse/metastases (R/M) differed significantly from patients with active disease. PD-1 remained stable. Treg were more present in TIL compared to peripheral blood. CONCLUSION Composition of lymphocyte subgroups behaves similar to squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck, except for Treg, which remained stable. Nevertheless, the CD4+/Treg ratio was lower after RT, which could stand for an immunosuppressive effect in these patients. Therefore, it could be beneficial treating ACC with combined RT and immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Jeske
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, University of Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - J A Veit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, University of Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - U Huber
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Neuperlach Medical Center, Neuperlach, Germany
| | - M N Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, University of Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - T K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, University of Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - P J Schuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, University of Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, University of Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
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