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Tai YT, Fukuda T, Morozumi Y, Hirai H, Oda AH, Kamada Y, Akikusa Y, Kanki T, Ohta K, Shiozaki K. Fission Yeast TORC1 Promotes Cell Proliferation through Sfp1, a Transcription Factor Involved in Ribosome Biogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:675-692. [PMID: 38051102 PMCID: PMC10761059 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2282349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is activated in response to nutrient availability and growth factors, promoting cellular anabolism and proliferation. To explore the mechanism of TORC1-mediated proliferation control, we performed a genetic screen in fission yeast and identified Sfp1, a zinc-finger transcription factor, as a multicopy suppressor of temperature-sensitive TORC1 mutants. Our observations suggest that TORC1 phosphorylates Sfp1 and protects Sfp1 from proteasomal degradation. Transcription analysis revealed that Sfp1 positively regulates genes involved in ribosome production together with two additional transcription factors, Ifh1/Crf1 and Fhl1. Ifh1 physically interacts with Fhl1, and the nuclear localization of Ifh1 is regulated in response to nutrient levels in a manner dependent on TORC1 and Sfp1. Taken together, our data suggest that the transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in ribosome biosynthesis by Sfp1, Ifh1, and Fhl1 is one of the key pathways through which nutrient-activated TORC1 promotes cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Teng Tai
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichi Morozumi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Hayato Hirai
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa H. Oda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kamada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Akikusa
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanki
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Comparative Research: Regulatory Mechanisms of Ribosomal Gene Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020288. [PMID: 36830657 PMCID: PMC9952952 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Restricting ribosome biosynthesis and assembly in response to nutrient starvation is a universal phenomenon that enables cells to survive with limited intracellular resources. When cells experience starvation, nutrient signaling pathways, such as the target of rapamycin (TOR) and protein kinase A (PKA), become quiescent, leading to several transcription factors and histone modification enzymes cooperatively and rapidly repressing ribosomal genes. Fission yeast has factors for heterochromatin formation similar to mammalian cells, such as H3K9 methyltransferase and HP1 protein, which are absent in budding yeast. However, limited studies on heterochromatinization in ribosomal genes have been conducted on fission yeast. Herein, we shed light on and compare the regulatory mechanisms of ribosomal gene transcription in two species with the latest insights.
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Seike T, Niki H. Pheromone Response and Mating Behavior in Fission Yeast. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0013022. [PMID: 36468849 PMCID: PMC9769774 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00130-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ascomycete fungi, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, secrete two peptidyl mating pheromones: C-terminally modified and unmodified peptides. S. pombe has two mating types, plus and minus, which secrete two different pheromones, P-factor (unmodified) and M-factor (modified), respectively. These pheromones are specifically recognized by receptors on the cell surface of cells of opposite mating types, which trigger a pheromone response. Recognition between pheromones and their corresponding receptors is important for mate discrimination; therefore, genetic changes in pheromone or receptor genes affect mate recognition and cause reproductive isolation that limits gene flow between populations. Such genetic variation in recognition via the pheromone/receptor system may drive speciation. Our recent studies reported that two pheromone receptors in S. pombe might have different stringencies in pheromone recognition. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanism of pheromone response and mating behavior, emphasizing pheromone diversification and its impact on reproductive isolation in S. pombe and closely related fission yeast species. We speculate that the "asymmetric" system might allow flexible adaptation to pheromone mutational changes while maintaining stringent recognition of mating partners. The loss of pheromone activity results in the extinction of an organism's lineage. Therefore, genetic changes in pheromones and their receptors may occur gradually and/or coincidently before speciation. Our findings suggest that the M-factor plays an important role in partner discrimination, whereas P-factor communication allows flexible adaptation to create variations in S. pombe. Our inferences provide new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying pheromone diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Seike
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Niki
- Microbial Physiology Laboratory, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
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Ohtsuka H, Imada K, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Sporulation: A response to starvation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1303. [PMID: 35765188 PMCID: PMC9214231 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe employs two main strategies to adapt to the environment and survive when starved for nutrients. The strategies employ sporulation via sexual differentiation and extension of the chronological lifespan. When a cell is exposed to nutrient starvation in the presence of a cell of the opposite sex, the cells undergo fusion through conjugation and sporulation through meiosis. S. pombe spores are highly resistant to diverse stresses and may survive for a very long time. In this minireview, among the various sexual differentiation processes induced by starvation, we focused on and summarized the findings of the molecular mechanisms of spore formation in fission yeast. Furthermore, comparative measurements of the chronological lifespan of stationary phase cells and G0 cells and the survival period of spore cells revealed that the spore cells survived for a long period, indicating the presence of an effective mechanism for survival. Currently, many molecules involved in sporulation and their functions are being discovered; however, our understanding of these is not complete. Further understanding of spores may not only deepen our comprehension of sexual differentiation but may also provide hints for sustaining life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Imada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Cong J, Xiao K, Jiao W, Zhang C, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Pan H. The Coupling Between Cell Wall Integrity Mediated by MAPK Kinases and SsFkh1 Is Involved in Sclerotia Formation and Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:816091. [PMID: 35547112 PMCID: PMC9081980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum can survive on a wide range of hosts and cause significant losses on crop yields. FKH, a forkhead box (FOX)-containing protein, functions to regulate transcription and signal transduction. As a transcription factor (TF) with multiple biological functions in eukaryotic organisms, little research has been done on the role of FKH protein in pathogenic fungi. SsFkh1 encodes a protein which has been predicted to contain FOX domain in S. sclerotiorum. In this study, the deletion mutant of SsFkh1 resulted in severe defects in hyphal development, virulence, and sclerotia formation. Moreover, knockout of SsFkh1 lead to gene functional enrichment in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in transcriptome analysis and SsFkh1 was found to be involved in the maintenance of the cell wall integrity (CWI) and the MAPK signaling pathway. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that SsFkh1 interacts with SsMkk1. In addition, we explored the conserved MAPK signaling pathway components, including Bck1, Mkk1, Pkc1, and Smk3 in S. sclerotiorum. ΔSsmkk1, ΔSspkc1, ΔSsbck1, and ΔSssmk3knockout mutant strains together with ΔSsmkk1com, ΔSspkc1com, ΔSsbck1com, and ΔSssmk3com complementation mutant strains were obtained. The results indicated that ΔSsmkk1, ΔSspkc1, ΔSsbck1, and ΔSssmk3 displayed similar phenotypes to ΔSsfkh1 in sclerotia formation, compound appressorium development, and pathogenicity. Taken together, SsFkh1 may be the downstream substrate of SsMkk1 and involved in sclerotia formation, compound appressorium development, and pathogenicity in S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cong
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kunqin Xiao
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenli Jiao
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Jiao W, Yu H, Cong J, Xiao K, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang Y, Pan H. Transcription factor SsFoxE3 activating SsAtg8 is critical for sclerotia, compound appressoria formation, and pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:204-217. [PMID: 34699137 PMCID: PMC8743022 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the notorious necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus with wide distribution, is responsible for sclerotium disease in more than 600 plant species, including many economic crops such as soybean, oilseed rape, and sunflower. The compound appressorium is a crucial multicellular infection structure that is a prerequisite for infecting healthy tissues. Previously, the Forkhead-box family transcription factors (FOX TFs) SsFoxE2 and SsFKH1 were shown to play a key regulatory role in the hyphae growth, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. However, little is known about the roles of SsFoxE3 regulating growth and development and pathogenicity. Here, we report SsFoxE3 contributes to sclerotium formation and deletion of SsFoxE3 leads to reduced formation of compound appressoria and developmental delays. Transcripts of SsFoxE3 were greatly increased during the initial stage of infection and SsFoxE3 deficiency reduced virulence on the host, while stabbing inoculation could partially restore pathogenicity. The SsFoxE3 mutant showed sensitivity to H2 O2 , and the expression of reactive oxygen species detoxification and autophagy-related genes were reduced. Moreover, expression of SsAtg8 was also decreased during the infection process of the SsFoxE3 mutant. Yeast 1-hybrid tests suggested that SsFoxE3 interacted with the promoter of SsAtg8. Disruption of SsAtg8 resulted in a phenotype similar to that of the SsFoxE3 mutant. Comparative analysis of the level of autophagy in the wild type and SsFoxE3 mutant showed that N starvation-induced autophagy was reduced in the SsFoxE3 mutant. Taken together, our findings indicate that SsFoxE3 plays an important role in compound appressorium formation and is involved in transcriptional activation of SsAtg8 during infection by S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Jiao
- College of Plant SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Plant SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jie Cong
- College of Plant SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Kunqin Xiao
- College of Plant SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | | | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Plant SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Plant SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Chaudhary A, Singh D. In-silico analysis of the regulatory region of effector protein genes in Verticillium dahliae. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Papp LA, Ács-Szabó L, Póliska S, Miklós I. A modified culture medium and hyphae isolation method can increase quality of the RNA extracted from mycelia of a dimorphic fungal species. Curr Genet 2021; 67:823-830. [PMID: 33837814 PMCID: PMC8405466 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The capability of RNA isolation with good efficiency and high quality is essential for a downstream application such as RNA sequencing. It requires successful cell culturing and an effective RNA isolation method. Although effective methods are available, production of the homogenous mycelia and extraction of good-quality mycelial RNA from true invasive hyphae, which penetrated into the agar plates, are difficult. To overcome these problems, the aim of this study was to develop technical modifications which allow production of homogenous mycelial biomass without extra stimuli agents and improve quality of the RNA extracted from the fungal hyphae. Our alternative culture medium was suitable for production both yeast-phase cells and hyphae of the Schizosaccharomyces japonicus and other dimorphic species, such as the Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Jaminaea angkorensis. To improve quality of the mycelial RNA, we developed an isolation procedure of the hyphal tip, which eliminated the unnecessary vacuoles-containing parts of the hyphae. To increase RNA quantity, we used glass beads in the RNA extraction protocol to achieve stronger breaking of the mycelial walls. All these modifications can also be useful for researchers working with other dimorphic fungi and can contribute to the higher comparability of the transcriptional data coming from yeast-phase cells and hyphae or even from different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Attila Papp
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Ács-Szabó
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ida Miklós
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Seike T. The evolution of peptide mating pheromones in fission yeast. Curr Genet 2019; 65:1107-1111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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HMGB proteins involved in TOR signaling as general regulators of cell growth by controlling ribosome biogenesis. Curr Genet 2018; 64:1205-1213. [PMID: 29713761 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The number of ribosomes and their activity need to be highly regulated because their function is crucial for the cell. Ribosome biogenesis is necessary for cell growth and proliferation in accordance with nutrient availability and other external and intracellular signals. High-mobility group B (HMGB) proteins are conserved from yeasts to human and are decisive in cellular fate. These proteins play critical functions, from the maintenance of chromatin structure, DNA repair, or transcriptional regulation, to facilitation of ribosome biogenesis. They are also involved in cancer and other pathologies. In this review, we summarize evidence of how HMGB proteins contribute to ribosome-biogenesis control, with special emphasis on a common nexus to the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, a signaling cascade essential for cell growth and proliferation from yeast to human. Perspectives in this field are also discussed.
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