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Lykholat YV, Khromykh NO, Didur OO, Drehval OA, Sklyar TV, Anishchenko AO. Chaenomeles speciosa fruit endophytic fungi isolation and characterization of their antimicrobial activity and the secondary metabolites composition. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Endophytes promote the survival of the host plants affected by unfavorable environment. To confirm the endophytes role in Chaenomeles speciosa pathogenic resistance, fungal isolates were derived from both fruit peel and pulp, and presumptively identified using macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Antifungal potential of the isolates was assayed by dual culture method and agar disc method against Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, and Fusarium oxysporum strains. Two most active fungal isolates were cultured in Czapek's liquid medium to obtain metabolites. The crude ethyl acetate extracts of metabolites were characterized for antibacterial activity against Basillus subtilis and Erwinia dissolvens, and for component composition by GC–MS technique.
Results
Nine fungal endophytic isolates were derived from the peel and pulp of C. speciosa fruits and tentatively attributed to Penicillium spp. (seven isolates), Aspergillus spp. (one isolate), Mucor spp. (one isolate). Two fungal isolates, one each of the fruit peel and pulp, were designated as Penicillium sp. I and Penicillium sp. II respectively, and selected for further research. Both isolates showed similar activity against A. alternata; however, Penicillium sp. I activity against F. culmorum and F. oxysporum exceeded the activity of Penicillium sp. II. Cultural medium ethyl acetate extracts of both endophytes exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive B. subtilis, while mycelium extracts were more active against Gram-negative E. dissolvens. In general, Penicillium sp. I antibacterial activity was higher in cultural medium extracts, while activity of Penicillium sp. II dominated in mycelium extracts. GC–MS analysis of the fungal metabolites component composition revealed the identity of 27 and 17 compounds, respectively in the ethyl acetate extracts of Penicillium sp. I and Penicillium sp. II cultural medium. Basic compounds produced by the first isolate, were represented by 3-Furanacetic acid, 4-hexyl-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo, Diisooctyl phthalate, 11-Hexadecyn-1-ol, and Propanedioic acid, dihydroxy. At the same time, Phthalic acid diisooctyl ester and other phthalates constituted the main part of the second isolate metabolites, followed by Hexadecanoic acid, Eicosyl isopropyl ether, and 4-Butoxy-2-butanone at a lower content.
Conclusions
The findings showed that the antimicrobial potential of Chaenomeles fruits endophytic fungi is promising and deserves further investigation.
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Abid FMA, Jamalis J, Chander S, Wahab RA, Bhagwat DP, Sankaranarayanan M. Synthesis, characterization, in silico and antifungal studies of thiazolidine analogues. CHEMICAL DATA COLLECTIONS 2019; 21:100219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2019.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Zhang M, Yang C, Powell CA, Avery PB, Wang J, Huang Y, Duan Y. Field Evaluation of Integrated Management for Mitigating Citrus Huanglongbing in Florida. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1890. [PMID: 30766544 PMCID: PMC6365889 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is extremely difficult to control because the psyllid-transmitted bacterial pathogen resides inside the citrus phloem and the disease is systemic. In Florida, the nine billion dollar citrus industry has been significantly impacted by severe HLB epidemics. To combat citrus HLB, in this study we implemented an integrated strategy that includes chemotherapy, thermotherapy, and additional nutrition treatment in three different field trials over three consecutive years. In these trials, only trees already showing HLB symptoms with Ct values ranging from 25.1 to 27.7 were selected for treatments. To assess the complex interactions, we used several methods for evaluating the effectiveness of integrated management, including the slopes (b) of the Ct increase (dy/dt), the pathogenic index (PI) and the decline index (DI) from Ct value and tree scores, and the therapeutic efficacies from PI and DI. This comprehensive analysis showed that most of the tested chemicals were effective to some degree in killing or suppressing the Las bacterium, with higher therapeutic efficacies seen for Grove B, where citrus trees were severely affected by HLB, and it had a higher number of psyllids, relative to Grove E and P in the first 2 years. Trunk-injected penicillin G potassium was the most effective chemical treatment in all groves, followed by Oxytetracycline Calcium Complex, and Silver Nitrate delivered as foliar sprays. Although the steam heat treatment and additional nutrition did not eliminate or suppress Las over the long term, these treatments did positively affect tree growth and recovery in the short term. Overall, our results provide new insights into HLB control method and strategy for integrated management for HLB epidemic plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Zhang
- Agricultural Science College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Agricultural Science College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Charles A. Powell
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Pasco B. Avery
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Jihua Wang
- Agricultural Science College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Youzong Huang
- Agricultural Science College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
| | - Yongping Duan
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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Grzebelus E, Skop L. Effect of β-lactam antibiotics on plant regeneration in carrot protoplast cultures. IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY. PLANT : JOURNAL OF THE TISSUE CULTURE ASSOCIATION 2014; 50:568-575. [PMID: 25298730 PMCID: PMC4182649 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-014-9626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protoplasts of three carrot cultivars were isolated from in vitro-grown plantlets by overnight incubation in an enzyme mixture composed of 1% (w/v) cellulase Onozuka R-10 and 0.1% (w/v) pectolyase Y-23. After cell immobilization in modified thin alginate layers, three types of β-lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime, carbenicillin, or timentin) at five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, or 500 mg L-1) were added to the culture medium. In 20-d-old cultures, a different number of cell colonies had formed and varied on average from 27 to 56% in carbenicillin- and cefotaxime-containing media, respectively. Supplementation of the culture media with antibiotics at concentrations higher than 100 mg L-1 resulted in a decrease in plating efficiency in comparison with the controls. However, from all antibiotic treatments, except carbenicillin at concentrations of 400-500 mg L-1, efficient plant regeneration occurred. For this reason, we believe that cefotaxime and timentin in the concentrations analyzed here may be used in complex in vitro procedures or valuable carrot cultures as a prophylactic agent for prevention against occasional contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Grzebelus
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skop
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
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Zhang M, Duan Y, Zhou L, Turechek WW, Stover E, Powell CA. Screening molecules for control of citrus huanglongbing using an optimized regeneration system for 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-infected periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) cuttings. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 100:239-45. [PMID: 20128697 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-100-3-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Citrus huanglongbing is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. The disease is associated with three different species of 'Candidatus Liberibacter', of which 'Ca. L. asiaticus' is the most widely distributed. An optimized system using 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected periwinkle cuttings was developed to screen chemical compounds effective for controlling the bacterial population while simultaneously assessing their phytotoxicity. The optimal regeneration conditions were determined to be the use of vermiculite as a growth medium for the cuttings, and a fertilization routine using half-strength Murashige and Tucker medium supplemented with both naphthalene acetic acid (4 microg/ml) and indole-3-butyric acid (4 microg/ml). This system allowed a plant regeneration rate of 60.6% for 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected cuttings in contrast to the <1% regeneration rate with water alone. Two chemical agents, penicillin G sodium and 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), were found to be effective at eliminating or suppressing the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium in this periwinkle regeneration system. When treated with penicillin G sodium at 50 microg/ml, all plants regenerated from 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected cuttings were 'Ca. L. asiaticus' negative as determined by both nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, DBNPA was also able to significantly reduce the percentage of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-positive plants and the titer of the 'Ca. L. asiaticus' bacterium at 200 microl/liter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqing Zhang
- IFAS-IRREC, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, 34945, USA
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Rahman LU, Kouno H, Hashiguchi Y, Yamamoto H, Narbad A, Parr A, Walton N, Ikenaga T, Kitamura Y. HCHL expression in hairy roots of Beta vulgaris yields a high accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) glucose ester, and linkage of pHBA into cell walls. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4836-4842. [PMID: 19457657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As part of a study to explore the potential for new or modified bio-product formation, Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) has been genetically modified to express in root-organ culture a bacterial gene of phenylpropanoid catabolism. The HCHL gene, encoding p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydratase/lyase, was introduced into B. vulgaris under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter, using Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA 9402. Hairy root clones expressing the HCHL gene, together with non-expressing clones, were analysed and revealed that one expression-positive clone accumulated the glucose ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) at about 14% on a dry weight basis. This is the best yield achieved in plant systems so far. Determination of cell-wall components liberated by alkaline hydrolysis confirmed that the ratio of pHBA to ferulic acid was considerably higher in the HCHL-expressing clones, whereas only ferulic acid was detected in a non-expressing clone. The change in cell-wall components also resulted in a decrease in tensile strength in the HCHL-expressing clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiq ur Rahman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
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Higa A, Miyamoto E, ur Rahman L, Kitamura Y. Root tip-dependent, active riboflavin secretion by Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots under iron deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:452-60. [PMID: 18367404 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots with/without an exogenous gene (11 clones) were established by inoculation of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. All clones cultured under iron-deficient condition secreted riboflavin from the root tips into the culture medium and the productivity depended on the number and size of root tips among the clones. A decline of pH was observed before riboflavin production and root development. By studying effects of proton-pump inhibitors, medium acidification with external organic acid, and riboflavin addition upon pH change and riboflavin productivity, we indicate that riboflavin efflux is not directly connected to active pH reduction, and more significantly active riboflavin secretion occurs as a response to an internal requirement in H. albus hairy roots under iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataru Higa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Analysis of hairy root culture ofRauvolfia serpentina using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometric technique. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:596-600. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Georgiev MI, Pavlov AI, Bley T. Hairy root type plant in vitro systems as sources of bioactive substances. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:1175-85. [PMID: 17294182 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
"Hairy root" systems, obtained by transforming plant tissues with the "natural genetic engineer" Agrobacterium rhizogenes, have been known for more than three decades. To date, hairy root cultures have been obtained from more than 100 plant species, including several endangered medicinal plants, affording opportunities to produce important phytochemicals and proteins in eco-friendly conditions. Diverse strategies can be applied to improve the yields of desired metabolites and to produce recombinant proteins. Furthermore, recent advances in bioreactor design and construction allow hairy root-based technologies to be scaled up while maintaining their biosynthetic potential. This review highlights recent progress in the field and outlines future prospects for exploiting the potential utility of hairy root cultures as "chemical factories" for producing bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen I Georgiev
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Rahman LU, Kitamura Y, Yamaguchi J, Mukai M, Akiyama K, Yamamoto H, Muranaka T, Ikenaga T. Exogenous plant H6H but not bacterial HCHL gene is expressed in Duboisia leichhardtii hairy roots and affects tropane alkaloid production. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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