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Ali HM, Khan T, Khan MA, Ullah N. The multipotent thidiazuron: A mechanistic overview of its roles in callogenesis and other plant cultures in vitro. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2624-2640. [PMID: 35048414 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thidiazuron (TDZ) is an active substituted phenyl urea compound that has found a significant role as a plant growth regulator. The most exciting aspect of its function is that it can mimic auxins and cytokinin but is chemically different from these two. Many theories have been put forward, and experiments performed to understand the mode of action of TDZ in callogenesis. One suggested mechanism presents that it works by inhibiting the cytokinin degrading enzymes that compete with cytokinin for an active site on the enzyme. An example is the TDZ-induced suppressed expression of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis genes encoding GA3 and GA20 oxidases. This is entailed with a slightly increased expression of GA catabolism genes encoding GA20 oxidase. Similarly, one of the recommendations is that TDZ induces the expression of specific genes and transcription regulatory sequences that are either responsible directly for callus formation or in turn induce other auxins or cytokinin for callogenesis. There is no concise review available that discusses the details of TDZ-induced callus, specifically and other in vitro cultures in general. This review is an attempt to explore all these pathways and mechanisms involved in callogenesis in plants stimulated by TDZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Pakistan
| | - Mubarak Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Chemical Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Bett B, Gollasch S, Moore A, Harding R, Higgins TJV. An Improved Transformation System for Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) via Sonication and a Kanamycin-Geneticin Selection Regime. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 30873198 PMCID: PMC6401653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An improved cowpea transformation method utilizing Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery to explants derived from the cotyledonary nodes of imbibed cowpea seed is described. The explants were regenerated following a sonication procedure and a stringent selection comprising alternating regimes of kanamycin and geneticin. The method was reproducible and led to the recovery of independent fertile transgenic plants in the greenhouse at a level of about one per cent of starting explants. A transgene encoding an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis was used to demonstrate the efficacy of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosibori Bett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Biotechnology Centre, Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organisation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Andy Moore
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert Harding
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas J. V. Higgins
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ribeiro DG, de Almeida RF, Fontes W, de Souza Castro M, de Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, da Cunha RNV, Lopes R, Scherwinski-Pereira JE, Mehta A. Stress and cell cycle regulation during somatic embryogenesis plays a key role in oil palm callus development. J Proteomics 2018; 192:137-146. [PMID: 30194057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oil palm is an oleaginous plant of relevant economic importance since its fruits are rich in vegetable oil. These plants have a single apical meristem and the main method for vegetative propagation is somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify differentially abundant proteins from oil palm genotypes contrasting in the capacity of embryogenic competence acquisition, using shotgun proteomics. Oil palm leaves were subjected to callus induction and the material was collected in biological triplicates at 14 and 90 days of callus induction. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed and revealed a total of 4695 proteins. Responsive and non-responsive genotypes were compared at 14 and 90 days of callus induction and 221 differentially abundant proteins were obtained. The data analysis revealed several proteins mainly related to energy metabolism, stress response and regulation of cell cycle, further analyzed by qRT-PCR, which seem important for embryogenic development. We suggest some of these proteins as key factors for the success of callus formation in oil palm including antioxidant and cell division proteins as well as proteins involved in the ubiquitination pathway. These proteins may also be potential biomarkers for the acquisition of embryogenic competence. SIGNIFICANCE: Antioxidant and cell division proteins as well as proteins involved in the ubiquitination pathway are key factors for the success of callus formation in oil palm. The proteins identified in this study may be potential biomarkers for embryogenic competence acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Gonzaga Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Raphael Ferreira de Almeida
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Castro
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos André Ornelas Ricart
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, University of Brasília, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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Zayed EM, Abd Elbar OH. Morphogenesis of immature female inflorescences of date palm in vitro. ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2015; 60:113-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sivakumar P, Rajesh S, Gnanam R, Manickam A. Effect of in vitro culture conditions on somaclonal variation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) using RAPD markers. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2011; 62:34-44. [PMID: 21388917 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2011.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a high frequency regeneration protocol in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp. var. C 152) via somatic embryogenesis from 10-d-old primary leaf explants. A study was conducted to examine the effect of somaclonal variations in in vitro derived cowpea plants under field conditions. The regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to field after hardening in vitro and grown for collecting R0, R1 and R2 seeds. The seeds of R1 and R2 generations were subsequently, grown under field conditions and their various biometrical traits were compared and evaluated with non-tissue cultured cowpea plants as check. There was no detectable somaclonal variation induced in R0-R2 in any of the biometrical traits. The results indicate that the inclusion of different plant growth promoters at specified concentrations and duration in our earlier tissue culture work did not induce any detectable mutation. The RAPD analysis also shows that there is no genetic variation among R2 cowpea plants. The somatic embryogenesis protocol we report could thus be safely applied for high frequency true-to-type regeneration and transformations protocols without any somaclonal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sivakumar
- Department of Crop Improvement, ADAC & RI, Tiruchirappalli, India.
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Mao B, He B, Chen Z, Wang B, Pan H, Li D. Effects of plant growth regulators on the rapid proliferation of shoots and root induction in the Chinese traditional medicinal plant Atractylodes macrocephala. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-009-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nogueira FCS, Gonçalves EF, Jereissati ES, Santos M, Costa JH, Oliveira-Neto OB, Soares AA, Domont GB, Campos FAP. Proteome analysis of embryogenic cell suspensions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:1333-43. [PMID: 17333015 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protein mapping and mass spectrometry analysis, we have established proteome reference maps of embryogenic cell suspensions of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The cell suspensions were generated from young primary leaves and contained basically pro-embryogenic masses, which enabled us to dissect their proteome composition while eliminating the complexity of too many cell types. Over 550 proteins could reproducibly be resolved over a pI range of 3-10. A total of 128 of the most abundant protein spots were excised, digested in-gel with trypsin and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. This enabled the identification of 67 protein spots. Two of the most abundant proteins were identified as a chitinase and as a ribonuclease belonging to the family of PR-4 and PR-10 proteins, respectively. The expression of the respective genes was confirmed by RT-PCR and the pattern of deposition of the PR-10 protein in cell suspensions as well as in developing cowpea seeds, roots, shoots and flowers were determined by Western blot experiments, using synthetic antibodies raised against a 14-amino acid synthetic peptide located close to the C-terminal region of the PR-10 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C S Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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