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Houghton M, Terauds A, Shaw J. Rapid range expansion of an invasive flatworm, Kontikia andersoni, on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Leihy RI, Chown SL. Wind plays a major but not exclusive role in the prevalence of insect flight loss on remote islands. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202121. [PMID: 33290676 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial species on islands often show reduced dispersal abilities. For insects, the generality of explanations for island flight loss remains contentious. Although habitat stability is considered the most plausible explanation, others are frequently highlighted. Adopting a strong inference approach, we examined the hypotheses proposed to account for the prevalence of flightlessness in island insect assemblages, for a region long suspected to be globally unusual in this regard-the Southern Ocean Islands (SOIs). Combining comprehensive faunal inventories, species' morphological information, and environmental variables from 28 SOIs, we provide the first quantitative evidence that flightlessness is exceptionally prevalent among indigenous SOI insect species (47%). Prevalence among species which have evolved elsewhere is much lower: Arctic island species (8%), species introduced to the SOIs (17%), and globally (estimated as approx. 5%). Variation in numbers of flightless species and genera across islands is best explained by variation in wind speed, although habitat stability (thermal seasonality proxy) may play a role. Variables associated with insularity, such as island size, are generally poor predictors of flightlessness. The outcomes redirect attention to Darwin's wind hypothesis. They suggest, however, that wind selects for flightlessness through an energy trade-off between flight and reproduction, instead of by displacement from suitable habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I Leihy
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Ouisse T, Day E, Laville L, Hendrickx F, Convey P, Renault D. Effects of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of a carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1234. [PMID: 31988370 PMCID: PMC6985133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic changes can induce geographic expansion and altitudinal shifts in the distribution of invasive species by offering more thermally suitable habitats. At the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands, the predatory insect Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), introduced in 1913, rapidly invaded coastal habitats. More recent colonisation of higher elevation habitats by this species could be underlain by their increased thermal suitability as the area has warmed. This study compared the effect of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of adult M. soledadinus sampled along two altitudinal transects (from the foreshore to 250 m a.s.l.) and a horizontal lowland transect orthogonal to the seashore (400 m length). Although high inter-individual and inter-transect variations in the traits examined were present, we observed that body mass of males and females tended to decrease with elevation, and that triglyceride contents decreased with distance from the shore. Moreover, protein contents of females as well as those of 26 metabolites were influenced significantly by distance to the foreshore. These results suggest that future climate change at the Kerguelen Islands will further assist the colonisation of lowland inland and higher altitude habitats by this aggressively invasive predator, by making previously sub-optimal habitats progressively more suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ouisse
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, cedex, France
| | - E Day
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, cedex, France
| | - L Laville
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, cedex, France
| | - F Hendrickx
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, terrestrial ecology unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom
| | - D Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042, Rennes, cedex, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, cedex 05, France.
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Species-energy relationships of indigenous and invasive species may arise in different ways - a demonstration using springtails. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13799. [PMID: 31551483 PMCID: PMC6760167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between species richness and available energy is well established for a range of spatial scales, exploration of the plausible underlying explanations for this relationship is less common. Speciation, extinction, dispersal and environmental filters all play a role. Here we make use of replicated elevational transects and the insights offered by comparing indigenous and invasive species to test four proximal mechanisms that have been offered to explain relationships between energy availability, abundance and species richness: the sampling mechanism (a null expectation), and the more individuals, dynamic equilibrium and range limitation mechanisms. We also briefly consider the time for speciation mechanism. We do so for springtails on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Relationships between energy availability and species richness are stronger for invasive than indigenous species, with geometric constraints and area variation playing minor roles. We reject the sampling and more individuals mechanisms, but show that dynamic equilibrium and range limitation are plausible mechanisms underlying these gradients, especially for invasive species. Time for speciation cannot be ruled out as contributing to richness variation in the indigenous species. Differences between the indigenous and invasive species highlight the ways in which deconstruction of richness gradients may usefully inform investigations of the mechanisms underlying them. They also point to the importance of population size-related mechanisms in accounting for such variation. In the context of the sub-Antarctic our findings suggest that warming climates may favour invasive over indigenous species in the context of changes to elevational distributions, a situation found for vascular plants, and predicted for springtails on the basis of smaller-scale manipulative field experiments.
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Leihy RI, Duffy GA, Nortje E, Chown SL. High resolution temperature data for ecological research and management on the Southern Ocean Islands. Sci Data 2018; 5:180177. [PMID: 30179229 PMCID: PMC6122169 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean Islands are globally significant conservation areas. Predicting how their terrestrial ecosystems will respond to current and forecast climate change is essential for their management and requires high-quality temperature data at fine spatial resolutions. Existing datasets are inadequate for this purpose. Remote-sensed land surface temperature (LST) observations, such as those collected by satellite-mounted spectroradiometers, can provide high-resolution, spatially-continuous data for isolated locations. These methods require a clear sightline to measure surface conditions, however, which can leave large data-gaps in temperature time series. Using a spatio-temporal gap-filling method applied to high-resolution (~1 km) LST observations for 20 Southern Ocean Islands, we compiled a complete monthly temperature dataset for a 15-year period (2001-2015). We validated results using in situ measurements of microclimate temperature. Gap-filled temperature observations described the thermal heterogeneity of the region better than existing climatology datasets, particularly for islands with steep elevational gradients and strong prevailing winds. This dataset will be especially useful for terrestrial ecologists, conservation biologists, and for developing island-specific management and mitigation strategies for environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Grant A. Duffy
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Erika Nortje
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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The Araneae of Svalbard: the relationships between specific environmental factors and spider assemblages in the High Arctic. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The Antarctic region comprises the continent, the Maritime Antarctic, the sub-Antarctic islands, and the southern cold temperate islands. Continental Antarctica is devoid of insects, but elsewhere diversity varies from 2 to more than 200 species, of which flies and beetles constitute the majority. Much is known about the drivers of this diversity at local and regional scales; current climate and glacial history play important roles. Investigations of responses to low temperatures, dry conditions, and varying salinity have spanned the ecological to the genomic, revealing new insights into how insects respond to stressful conditions. Biological invasions are common across much of the region and are expected to increase as climates become warmer. The drivers of invasion are reasonably well understood, although less is known about the impacts of invasion. Antarctic entomology has advanced considerably over the past 50 years, but key areas, such as interspecific interactions, remain underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia;
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom;
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Kwon TS, Lee CM, Kim TW, Kim SS, Sung JH. Prediction of abundance of forest spiders according to climate warming in South Korea. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Convey P, Chown SL, Clarke A, Barnes DKA, Bokhorst S, Cummings V, Ducklow HW, Frati F, Green TGA, Gordon S, Griffiths HJ, Howard-Williams C, Huiskes AHL, Laybourn-Parry J, Lyons WB, McMinn A, Morley SA, Peck LS, Quesada A, Robinson SA, Schiaparelli S, Wall DH. The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity. ECOL MONOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/12-2216.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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LEE JENNIFERE, LE ROUX PETERC, MEIKLEJOHN KIAN, CHOWN STEVENL. Species distribution modelling in low-interaction environments: Insights from a terrestrial Antarctic system. AUSTRAL ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2012.02401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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MORTIMER ELIZABETH, VAN VUUREN BETTINEJANSEN, MEIKLEJOHN KIAN, CHOWN STEVENL. Phylogeography of a mite, Halozetes fulvus, reflects the landscape history of a young volcanic island in the sub-Antarctic. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01770.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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