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Vecchi M, Tsvetkova A, Stec D, Ferrari C, Calhim S, Tumanov D. Expanding Acutuncus: Phylogenetics and morphological analyses reveal a considerably wider distribution for this tardigrade genus. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 180:107707. [PMID: 36681365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The tardigrade genus Acutuncus has been long thought to be an Antarctic endemism, well adapted to this harsh environment. The Antarctic endemicity of Acutuncus was recently dispelled with the description of Acutuncus mariae Zawierucha, 2020 found in the Svalbard archipelago. The integrated analyses on two newly found Acutuncus populations from UK and Italy, and a population of Acutuncus antarcticus found close to its type locality allowed us to expand the climatic and geographic range of the genus Acutuncus. These findings also allowed us to re-evaluate the morphological diagnoses of Acutuncus and accommodate it in the newly proposed monotypic family Acutuncidae fam. nov. Two new Acutuncus species morpho-groups are instituted based on eggs morphology: one (Acutuncus antarcticus morphogroup) including the Antarctic Acutuncus taxa characterized by eggs with long pillars within the chorion and eggs laid freely to the environment, the other (Acutuncus mariae morphogroup) including the European species, characterized by eggs with short pillars within the chorion and eggs laid in the exuvium. Finally, we describe two new Acutuncus species from Europe: Acutuncus mecnuffisp. nov. and Acutuncus giovanniniaesp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vecchi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, PO Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Alexandra Tsvetkova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daniel Stec
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland
| | - Claudio Ferrari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 33/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Calhim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyvaskyla, PO Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Denis Tumanov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034, Universitetskaja nab. 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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Two new tardigrade genera from New Zealand's Southern Alp glaciers display morphological stasis and parallel evolution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 178:107634. [PMID: 36208696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tardigrada is an invertebrate phylum that often constitutes a dominant micrometazoan group on glaciers worldwide. We investigated tardigrades residing in surface ice above the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) on three temperate glaciers of New Zealand's Southern Alps. Morphological, morphometric and multilocus DNA analyses (CO1, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2) revealed two new genera comprising four species, of which two are formally described here: Kopakaius gen. nov. nicolae sp. nov. and Kararehius gen. nov. gregorii sp. nov. The former is represented by three genetically distinct phyletic lineages akin to species. According to CO1, Kopakaius gen. nov. nicolae sp. nov. inhabits Whataroa Glacier only while the remaining two Kopakaius species occur on Fox and Franz Joseph Glaciers, suggesting low dispersal capabilities. Although morphological characteristics of the new genera could indicate affinity with the subfamily Itaquasconinae, phylogenetic analysis placed them confidently in the subfamily Diphasconinae. Kopakaius gen. nov. lack placoids in the pharynx similar with some Itaquasconinae, whereas dark pigmentation and claw shape aligns them with the glacier-obligate genus, Cryobiotus (subfamily Hypsibiinae), which is an example of parallel evolution. The second genus, Kararehius gen nov. could be classified as Adropion-like (subfamily Itaquasconinae), but differs greatly by genetics (placed in the subfamily Diphasconinae) as well as morphology (e.g., lack of septulum), exemplify deep stasis in Hypsibiidae. Our results suggest that glacier fragmentation during the Pleistocene triggered tardigrade speciation, making it a suitable model for studies on allopatric divergence in glacier meiofauna.
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Mioduchowska M, Kačarević U, Miamin V, Giginiak Y, Parnikoza I, Roszkowska M, Kaczmarek Ł. Redescription of Antarctic eutardigrade Dastychius improvisus (Dastych, 1984) and some remarks on phylogenetic relationships within Isohypsibioidea. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1854877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mioduchowska
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Marine Plankton Research, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - U. Kačarević
- Department of Morphology, Systematics and Phylogeny of Animals, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V. Miamin
- Sector for Monitoring and Cadastre of Animal World, Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Biological Resources, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Y. Giginiak
- Sector for Monitoring and Cadastre of Animal World, Scientific and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for Biological Resources, Minsk, Belarus
| | - I. Parnikoza
- Department of Biology and Ecology, National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M. Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ł. Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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Zawierucha K, Buda J, Jaromerska TN, Janko K, Gąsiorek P. Integrative approach reveals new species of water bears (Pilatobius, Grevenius, and Acutuncus) from Arctic cryoconite holes, with the discovery of hidden lineages of Hypsibius. ZOOL ANZ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gąsiorek P, Michalczyk Ł. Phylogeny of Itaquasconinae in the light of the evolution of the flexible pharyngeal tube in Tardigrada. ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gąsiorek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Kraków Poland
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Cesari M, Montanari M, Kristensen RM, Bertolani R, Guidetti R, Rebecchi L. An integrated study of the biodiversity within the Pseudechiniscus suillus–facettalis group (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pseudechiniscus is the second most species-rich genus in Heterotardigrada and in the family Echiniscidae. However, previous studies have pointed out polyphyly and heterogeneity in this taxon. The recent erection of the genus Acanthechiniscus was another step in making Pseudechiniscus monophyletic, but species identification is still problematic. The present investigation aims at clarifying biodiversity and taxonomy of Pseudechiniscus taxa, with a special focus on species pertaining to the so-called ‘suillus–facettalis group’, by using an integrated approach of morphological and molecular investigations. The analysis of sequences from specimens sampled in Europe and Asia confirms the monophyly of the genus Pseudechiniscus. Inside the genus, two main evolutionary lineages are recognizable: the P. novaezeelandiae lineage and the P. suillus–facettalis group lineage. Inside the P. suillus–facettalis group, COI molecular data points out a very high variability between sampled localities, but in some cases also among specimens sampled in the same locality (up to 33.3% p-distance). The integrated approach to the study of Pseudechiniscus allows confirmation of its monophyly and highlights the relationships in the taxon, pointing to its global distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Cesari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Martina Montanari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Bertolani
- Department of Education and Humanities, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Civic Museum of Natural History, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Guidetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorena Rebecchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Gąsiorek P, Morek W, Stec D, Blagden B, Michalczyk Ł. Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela). ZOOSYSTEMA 2019. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gąsiorek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Witold Morek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Daniel Stec
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
| | - Brian Blagden
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Inverdee House, Baxter Street, Aberdeen, AB11 9QA (United Kingdom)
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków (Poland)
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Stec D, Morek W, Gąsiorek P, Michalczyk Ł. Unmasking hidden species diversity within the Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri complex, with an integrative redescription of the nominal species for the family Ramazzottiidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela). SYST BIODIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2018.1424267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stec
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Morek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Gąsiorek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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