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Tikkisetty K, Filewood T, Yan J, Kwok H, Brunswick P, Cody R, Shang D. Method development for forensic oil identification by direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6040-6047. [PMID: 37916705 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01282d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The current well-established chromatography and mass spectrometry based oil spill identification procedures, such as those outlined by the European Committee for Standardization, are highly reliable as methods, highly defensible in the court of law, and widely applicable to the majority of oil spill situations. Nevertheless, the methodology is time consuming and labour intensive, which may not be ideal when dealing with an emergency oil spill situation. In this study, direct analysis in real time time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART/TOFMS) was used to successfully develop an efficient oil identification method. To confirm the accuracy of this method spilled oil samples were tested from five previous years of blind round robin testing organized by the oil spill identification network of experts (OSINET) under the Bonn Agreement. Heatmap inspection, principal component analysis and finally discriminant analysis of principal components were used to arrive at final predictions regarding the identities of the spilled oil samples. The results were compared with the results of previous gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) analyses of the same oils. While taking only about a tenth of the time, the DART/TOFMS analysis produced results similar to those of classical GC/FID and GC/MS/MS (EI+) procedures. The ability of DART/TOFMS to display this level of validity exemplifies its potential to be a new tool for supplementing classical analyses for oil spill forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaja Tikkisetty
- Pacific and Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Taylor Filewood
- Pacific and Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey Yan
- Pacific and Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Honoria Kwok
- Pacific and Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Pamela Brunswick
- Pacific and Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | - Dayue Shang
- Pacific and Yukon Laboratory for Environmental Testing, Science and Technology Branch, Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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