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Caruso D, De Santis D, Del Gaudio A, Valanzuolo D, Pugliese D, Zerunian M, Polici M, Tremamunno G, Masci B, Laghi A. Lean body weight-based contrast injection protocol in liver CT: optimization of contrast medium dose. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2025; 130:486-492. [PMID: 39738873 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-024-01944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate liver enhancement and image quality of abdominal CECT examinations acquired with multiple LBW-based contrast medium injection protocols. MATERIAL & METHODS One hundred fifty patients who underwent a clinically indicated CECT examination were prospectively and randomly assigned to one of the following contrast medium injection protocol groups: A, 700 mg iodine(I)/kg of LBW; B, 650 mgI/kg of LBW; and C, 600 mgI/kg of LBW. Liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and magnitude of contrast enhancement (ΔHU) were calculated. Subjective image quality was assessed with 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS The final population included 145 patients (64 females), with 50, 48, and 47 in group A, B, and C, respectively. Group A showed significantly higher SNR, CNR and ΔHU than group B (p = .018, p = .004, and p = .031, respectively) and group C (p = .024, p = .043, and p = .004). Group B had similar SNR, CNR, and ΔHU to group C (all p = 1). ΔHU was < 50 HU in 2, 7, and 11 patients in group A (48.2 ± 0.1), B (43.7 ± 5), and C (44.4 ± 5), respectively. Group A achieved the highest scores in terms of overall image quality, artifacts, and diagnostic confidence (both scores: 4; IQRs: 4-5) compared to group B (both scores: 3; IQRs: 3-5; p ≥ .037) and group C (overall image quality score: 3; IQR: 2-5; p = .011. Artifact and diagnostic confidence score: 3; IQR: 1-4; p ≥ .009). CONCLUSIONS A dosage of 700 mgI/kg of LBW yields optimal liver enhancement and grants higher image quality compared to lower contrast medium dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Caruso
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico De Santis
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Gaudio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Valanzuolo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Dominga Pugliese
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zerunian
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Polici
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tremamunno
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Masci
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Radiology Unit - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
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Valletta R, Bonatti M, Vingiani V, Corato V, Proner B, Lombardo F, Avesani G, Pertner P, Zamboni GA. Feasibility of a single-phase portal venous CT protocol using bolus tracking technique and lean body weight-based contrast media dose. Eur Radiol 2025; 35:1067-1075. [PMID: 39122853 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-11009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of the use of lean body weight (LBW)-based contrast material (CM) dose and bolus tracking technique on portal venous phase abdominal CT image quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRB-approved prospective study; informed consent was acquired. In the period July-November 2023, we randomly selected 105 oncologic patients scheduled for a portal venous phase abdominal CT to undergo our experimental protocol (i.e., 0.7 gI/Kg of LBW CM administration and bolus tracking on the liver). Included patients had performed a "standard" portal venous phase abdominal CT (i.e., 0.6 gI/Kg of total body weight (TBW) contrast material administration and 70 s fixed delay) on the same scanner within the previous 12 months. One reader evaluated CT images measuring liver, portal vein, kidney cortex, and spleen attenuation; values were normalized to paraspinal muscles. RESULTS Median administered contrast dose (350 mgI/mL CM) was 99 mL (IQR: 81-115 mL) using the experimental protocol and 110 mL (IQR: 100-120 mL) using the standard one (p < 0.0001). Median acquisition delay using the experimental protocol was 65" (IQR 59-73"). Median normalized hepatic enhancement was significantly higher using the experimental protocol (1.97, IQR: 1.83-2.47 vs. 1.86, IQR: 1.58-2.11; p < 0.0001). Median normalized portal vein enhancement was significantly higher using the experimental protocol (3.43, IQR: 2.73-4.04 vs. 2.91, IQR: 2.58-3.41; p < 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were found in the kidneys' cortex and aorta normalized enhancement (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of LBW-based CM dose administration and bolus tracking allows a significant CM dose reduction and a significant liver and portal vein enhancement increase. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Lean body weight-based contrast material (CM) dose administration and bolus tracking technique in portal venous phase CT scans overcome differences in body composition and hemodynamics, improving reproducibility. It allows a significant CM dose reduction with increased liver and portal vein enhancement. KEY POINTS Lean body weight (LBW)-based contrast material (CM) dosing could be superior to total body weight dosing. Portal venous phase CT with a liver bolus tracking technique improved liver and spleen enhancement with a reduced contrast dose. The combination of LBW-based CM dosing and liver bolus tracking technique enables more "customized" CT examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Valletta
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsius Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bonatti
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsius Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vingiani
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsius Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Valentina Corato
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsius Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Bernardo Proner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsius Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Fabio Lombardo
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria, Negrar (VR), Italy
| | - Giacomo Avesani
- Department of Imaging and Radiotherapy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pertner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsius Medical University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Giulia A Zamboni
- Radiology Unit, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Henning MK, Aaløkken TM, Martinsen AC, Pripp AH, Johansen S. Impact of individually tailored contrast medium on vascular attenuation in chest CT: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Radiol 2025; 66:72-81. [PMID: 39574330 DOI: 10.1177/02841851241297531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individually tailored contrast medium (CM) may improve vascular image quality in chest computed tomography (CT). PURPOSE To evaluate vascular attenuation in chest CT by comparing CM dose calculations using lean body mass (LBM) and body surface area (BSA) with a fixed-dose protocol. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients referred for contrast-enhanced chest CT were categorized as either normal, muscular, or overweight. Patients were accordingly randomized into three CM dosing protocols: fixed-dose group (n = 87), LBM group (n = 92), and BSA group (n = 93). RESULTS Of the patients, 94% in the fixed-dose group, 99% in the LBM group, and 98% in the BSA group achieved optimal vascular attenuation. In the overweight category, lower attenuation was demonstrated in the fixed-dose group compared to the LBM group (P = 0.032) and the BSA group (P = 0.010). In the fixed-dose group, vascular attenuation showed a negative correlation with total body weight for all body composition categories. In the LBM group, a positive correlation was observed between attenuation and total body weight in the muscular category (P = 0.041), while a negative correlation was noted for the overweight category in the BSA group (P = 0.049). CONCLUSION Fixed-dose CM protocol exhibited larger variations in vascular attenuation between patients of various body weights and body compositions compared to tailored CM doses based on LBM and BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Karen Henning
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Mogens Aaløkken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faulty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Catrine Martinsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- The Research Department, Sunaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesoddtangen-Bjornemyr, Norway
| | - Are Hugo Pripp
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Safora Johansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Health and Social Sciences cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
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Camera L, D'Ambrosio V, Pinto L, Paludi A, Liuzzi R, De Cicco R, Ponsiglione A, Lagnese MG, Maurea S, Brunetti A. Fixed rate vs fixed injection duration in single-pass contrast-enhanced abdominal multi-detector CT: effects on vascular enhancement. Br J Radiol 2025; 98:114-123. [PMID: 39374549 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqae202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects on vascular enhancement of either a fixed rate (FR) or a fixed injection duration (FID) in single-pass (SP) contrast-enhanced abdominal multi-detector CT (CE-MDCT). METHODS Ninety-nine (54 M; 45 F; aged 18-86 years) patients with nontraumatic acute abdomen underwent a SP CE-MDCT after i.v. injection of 1.7 cc/Kg of a nonionic iodinated contrast media (370 mgI/mL) performed with either a FR (2 cc/s; Group A) or a FID (55 s; Group B). In both groups, patients were further stratified according to total body weight (kg) as follows: 40-60 (L); 61-80 (M); 81-100 (H). Signal- (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were calculated for the liver and for both abdominal aorta (AA) and main portal vein (MPV). Statistical analysis was performed by Student t- or Chi-square test for continuous and categorical data, respectively, whereas post hoc analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney test (P < .05). RESULTS There were no significant differences in demographic and physical characteristics between Group A (n = 50; 53 ± 20 years; BMI = 23.4 ± 4.4) and Group B (n = 50; 51 ± 17 years; BMI 22.7 ± 4.2). Whereas overlapping findings were observed in the M sub-groups (n = 40), SNR and CNR were significantly higher (P < .01) in Group B for both AA and MPV in the high (H) weight sub-groups (n = 20) while not significant differences were observed in the low (L) weight sub-groups (n = 40) despite a significantly lower injection rate (1.6 ± 0.2 cc/s, P < .01) in Group B. CONCLUSION A FID results in an overall better vascular enhancement than a FR in SP CE-MDCT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Single-pass is an optimized contrast-enhanced abdominal CT protocol combining the benefits of vascular and visceral enhancement and characterized by a customized scan delay tailored around a monophasic contrast injection. In single-pass protocol, a fixed injection duration (55 s) results in an overall better vascular enhancement than a fixed rate (2 cc/s) and should be therefore regarded as the injection modality of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Camera
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Section of Radiology, University "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D'Ambrosio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Section of Radiology, University "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaele Liuzzi
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (National Research Council), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cicco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Section of Radiology, University "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ponsiglione
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Section of Radiology, University "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lagnese
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Section of Radiology, University "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Maurea
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Section of Radiology, University "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-Section of Radiology, University "Federico II", Via S. Pansini 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
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Arenas-Jiménez JJ, Bernabé García JM, Fernández Suárez G, Calvo Blanco J. Optimising the use of iodinated contrast agents in CT scans: Vascular, visceral, multiphasic and split-bolus examinations. RADIOLOGIA 2024; 66 Suppl 2:S15-S28. [PMID: 39603737 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2024.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Iodinated contrast is administered when carrying out computed tomography (CT) scans to define anatomical structures and detect pathologies. The contrast is administered according to different protocols which vary significantly and include vascular, visceral, multiphasic and split-bolus injection studies. Each protocol has its own indications and particularities to optimise the use of the contrast medium in each situation. There are numerous factors that influence the degree of contrast enhancement obtained, including the patient's weight, cardiac output, study delay, the technical characteristics used for acquisition-mainly kilovoltage-, and variables related to the administration and dosage of the contrast medium, such as iodine delivery rate and load. This article will discuss how each of these variables affects the level of enhancement achieved and the parameters that can be modified in order to optimise the results of the different types of scans performed with iodinated contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Arenas-Jiménez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis; Departamento de Patología y Cirugía, Universidad Miguel Hernández; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
| | - J M Bernabé García
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - G Fernández Suárez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Calvo Blanco
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Gulizia M, Ding S, Sá Dos Reis C, Jaques C, Dromain C. Adjustments of iodinated contrast media using lean body weight for abdominopelvic computed tomography: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 2024; 178:111631. [PMID: 39029240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to compare the effect of contrast media (CM) dose adjustment based on lean body weight (LBW) method versus other calculation protocols for abdominopelvic CT examinations. METHOD Studies published from 2002 onwards were systematically searched in June 2024 across Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, Google Scholar and four other grey literature sources, with no language limit. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCT of abdominopelvic or abdominal CT examinations in adults with contrast media injection for oncological and acute diseases were included. The comparators were other contrast dose calculation methods such as total body weight (TBW), fixed volume (FV), body surface area (BSA), and blood volume. The main outcomes considered were liver and aortic enhancement. Titles, abstracts and full texts were independently screened by two reviewers. RESULTS Eight studies were included from a total of 2029 articles identified. Liver parenchyma and aorta contrast enhancement did not significantly differ between LBW and TBW protocols (p = 0.07, p = 0.06, respectively). However, the meta-analysis revealed significantly lower contrast volume injected with LBW protocol when compared to TBW protocol (p = 0.003). No statistical differences were found for contrast enhancement and contrast volume between LBW and the other strategies. CONCLUSION Calculation of the CM dosage based on LBW allows a reduction in the injected volume for abdominopelvic CT examination, ensuring the same image quality in terms of contrast enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Gulizia
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sandrine Ding
- School of Health Sciences HESAV, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Avenue de Beaumont 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Bureau d'Echange des Savoirs pour des praTiques exemplaires de soins (BEST) a JBI Center of Excellence, Avenue Vinet 30, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Cláudia Sá Dos Reis
- School of Health Sciences HESAV, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Avenue de Beaumont 21, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Cécile Jaques
- Bureau d'Echange des Savoirs pour des praTiques exemplaires de soins (BEST) a JBI Center of Excellence, Avenue Vinet 30, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland; Medical Library, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Clarisse Dromain
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Varughese NA, Panakkal NC, Nair VT, Kadavigere R, Lakshmi V, Sukumar S. Effect of patient characteristics on aortic attenuation in iodinated contrast-enhanced Abdominopelvic CT: A retrospective study. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30 Suppl 1:94-101. [PMID: 39106556 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) abdomen and pelvis is a common imaging procedure. Hospitals typically follow fixed protocols of contrast volume administration for triple-phase CECT abdomen and pelvis scans and have found that patients are either underdosed or overdosed with respect to their body habitus. The aim of the study was to correlate different patient characteristics such as Total body weight (TBW), Lean Body Mass (LBM), Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA) and Blood Volume (BV) with aortic enhancement in the arterial and portal venous phases for CECT Abdomen and pelvis. METHODS A total of 106 patients who underwent triple-phase CECT abdomen & pelvis were retrospectively studied. A circular region-of-interest (ROI) of 100 mm2 was positioned on descending aorta for unenhanced, arterial, and portal venous phases to measure the aortic enhancement in Hounsfield's units. Measure of contrast attenuation (ΔH) was calculated from the difference of CT values on unenhanced images and contrast images. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relation of patient body characteristics with aortic enhancement. RESULTS Correlation analysis revealed that BMI exhibited the least correlation when compared to the other characteristics in both arterial (r = -0.3; p = 0.002) and portovenous phases (r = -0.35; p < 0.001) whereas TBW, LBW, BSA and BV reported moderate inverse correlations. BV was found to be the strongest of all characteristics under linear regression. CONCLUSION The study supports the use of protocols that adjust contrast volume to either TBW, LBW, BSA, or BV for CT abdomen and pelvis scan. IMPLICATION OF PRACTICE The right body parameter ensures optimal contrast enhancement, improving the visualization of anatomical structures and helps in adapting tailored contrast injection protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Varughese
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - N C Panakkal
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - V T Nair
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - R Kadavigere
- Radio-diagnosis & Imaging, Department of Radio Diagnosis & Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - V Lakshmi
- Department of Data Sciences, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - S Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Kobayashi N, Masuda T, Nakaura T, Shiraishi K, Uetani H, Nagayama Y, Kidoh M, Funama Y, Hirai T. The Feasibility of Using a Deep Learning-Based Model to Determine Cardiac Computed Tomographic Contrast Dose. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2024; 48:85-91. [PMID: 37531644 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to predict contrast effects in cardiac computed tomography (CT) from CT localizer radiographs using a deep learning (DL) model and to compare the prediction performance of the DL model with that of conventional models based on patients' physical size. METHODS This retrospective study included 473 (256 men and 217 women) cardiac CT scans between May 2014 and August 2017. We developed and evaluated DL models that predict milligrams of iodine per enhancement of the aorta from CT localizer radiographs. To assess the model performance, we calculated and compared Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) between the actual iodine dose that was necessary to obtain a contrast effect of 1 HU (iodine dose per contrast effect [IDCE]) and IDCE predicted by DL, body weight, lean body weight, and body surface area of patients. RESULTS The model was tested on 52 cases for the male group (mean [SD] age, 63.7 ± 11.4) and 44 cases for the female group (mean [SD] age, 69.8 ± 11.6). Correlation coefficients between the actual and predicted IDCE were 0.607 for the male group and 0.412 for the female group, which were higher than the correlation coefficients between the actual IDCE and body weight (0.539 for male, 0.290 for female), lean body weight (0.563 for male, 0.352 for female), and body surface area (0.587 for male, 0.349 for female). CONCLUSIONS The performance for predicting contrast effects by analyzing CT localizer radiographs with the DL model was at least comparable with conventional methods using the patient's body size, notwithstanding that no additional measurements other than CT localizer radiographs were required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kobayashi
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University1, Kumamoto
| | - Takanori Masuda
- Department of Radiological Technology, Tsuchiya General Hospital, Hiroshima
| | - Takeshi Nakaura
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University1, Kumamoto
| | - Kaori Shiraishi
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University1, Kumamoto
| | - Hiroyuki Uetani
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University1, Kumamoto
| | - Yasunori Nagayama
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University1, Kumamoto
| | - Masafumi Kidoh
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University1, Kumamoto
| | | | - Toshinori Hirai
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University1, Kumamoto
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9
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Kesen S, Svensson A, Thor D, Brismar TB. Hepatic enhancement at computed tomography: is there a dependence on body weight past institutional contrast dosing limits? Acta Radiol 2023; 64:435-440. [PMID: 35266404 PMCID: PMC9905147 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221079014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although described in product monographs, the maximum contrast media (CM) dose at computed tomography (CT) varies among institutions. PURPOSE To investigate whether an upper limit of 40 g of iodine in women and 50 g in men is sufficient or if there is a body weight (BW) dependence of mean hepatic enhancement (MHE) beyond those thresholds. MATERIAL AND METHODS At our institution, CM injection duration is fixed to 30 s and dosed 600 mg iodine/kg up to 40 g in women and 50 g in men. Pre- and post-contrast hepatic attenuation values (HU) were retrospectively obtained in 200 women and 200 men with glomerular filtration rate >45 mL/min undergoing 18-flurodeoxyglucose PET-CT (18F-FDG PET-CT) of which half weighed below and half above those dose thresholds using iodixanol 320 mg iodine/mL or iomeprol 400 mg iodine/mL. The correlation between BW and MHE was assessed by simple linear regression. RESULTS Weight range was 41-120 kg in women and 47-137 kg in men. There was no significant relationship between MHE and BW in women receiving <40 g (r = -0.05, P = 0.63) or in men receiving <50 g (r = 0.18, P = 0.07). Above those thresholds there was an inverse relationship (r = -0.64, P<0.001 in women and r = -0.30, P<0.002 in men). There was no apparent upper limit where the dependence of hepatic MHE on BW decreased. Hepatosteatosis limited MHE. CONCLUSION Adjusting CM to BW diminishes the dependence of MHE on BW. There was no apparent upper limit for the relationship between BW and MHE in heavier patients at CM-enhanced CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savas Kesen
- Division of Radiology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Radiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden,Savas Kesen, Division of Radiology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Södersjukhuset, Department of Radiology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anders Svensson
- Division of Radiology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Radiology, Imaging and Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Thor
- Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Imaging and Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkel B. Brismar
- Division of Radiology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Radiology, Imaging and Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Bae JS, Lee JM, Kim SW, Park S, Han S, Yoon JH, Joo I, Hong H. Low-contrast-dose liver CT using low monoenergetic images with deep learning-based denoising for assessing hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial. Eur Radiol 2022; 33:4344-4354. [PMID: 36576547 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low monoenergetic images obtained using noise-reduction techniques may reduce CT contrast media requirements. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of low-contrast-dose CT using dual-energy CT and deep learning-based denoising (DLD) techniques in patients at high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We performed a prospective, randomized controlled noninferiority trial at a tertiary hospital between June 2019 and August 2020 (NCT04027556). Patients at high risk of HCC were randomly assigned (1:1) to the standard-contrast-dose group or low-contrast-dose group, which targeted a 40% reduction in contrast medium dose based on lean body weight. HCC conspicuity on arterial phase images was the primary endpoint with a noninferiority margin of 0.2. Images were independently assessed by three radiologists; model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) images of the standard-contrast-dose group and low monoenergetic (50-keV) DLD images of the low-contrast-dose group were compared using a generalized estimating equation. RESULTS Ninety participants (age 59 ± 10 years; 68 men) were analyzed. Compared with the standard-contrast-dose group (n = 47), 40% less contrast media was used in the low-contrast-dose group (n = 43) (107.0 ± 17.1 mL vs. 64.5 ± 11.3 mL, p < 0.001). In the arterial phase, HCC conspicuity on 50-keV DLD images in the low-contrast-dose group was noninferior to that of MBIR images in the standard-contrast-dose group (2.92 vs. 2.56; difference, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, -0.13 to ∞; p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS The contrast dose in liver CT can be reduced by 40% without impairing HCC conspicuity when using 50-keV and DLD techniques. KEY POINTS • In the arterial phase, hepatocellular carcinoma conspicuity on 50-keV deep learning-based denoising images in the low-contrast-dose group was noninferior to that of model-based iterative reconstruction images in the standard-contrast-dose group. • HCC detection was comparable between 50-keV deep learning-based denoising images in the low-contrast-dose group and model-based iterative reconstruction images in the standard-contrast-dose group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Armed Forces Daejeon Hospital, 90, Jaun-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34059, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Park
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, 120-1, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchul Han
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsook Hong
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
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11
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Van Gompel G, Delombaerde L, Zanca F, Tanaka K, Belsack D, de Mey J, Buls N. A patient- and acquisition-tailored injection approach for improving consistency of CT enhancement towards a target CT value in coronary CT angiography. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 24:e13867. [PMID: 36537145 PMCID: PMC9860000 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unoptimized coronary CT angiography (CTA) exams typically result in a highly variable arterial enhancement (HUa ) across patients. This study aimed at harmonizing arterial enhancement by implementing a patient-, contrast- and kV-tailored injection protocol. METHODS First, the optimal body size metric to predict HUa was identified by retrospectively analysing images of 76 patients, acquired with 70 ml contrast media (G1). Second, using phantom experiments, correction factors for the effect of kV and contrast concentration on HUa were determined. Third, a model was developed, prescribing the optimal contrast dose to be injected to obtain a diagnostically appropriate arterial target enhancement HUtarget . The model was then validated on 278 prospectively collected patients, in two groups with two different HUtarget : 525 HU (207 patients, G2A) and 425 HU (71 patients, G2B). The HUa histograms were compared among groups and to the target enhancement through their mean and standard deviation (SD) at 100 kVp reference level. Also, signal-to-noise ratio was obtained and compared among the groups. RESULTS Fat free mass (FFM) showed the highest correlation with HUa (r = 0.69). KVp correction factors ranged from 0.65 at 70 kVp to 1.22 at 140 kVp. The obtained model reduced the group heterogeneity (SD) from 101HU for reference G1 to 75HU (p < 0.001) for G2A and 68HU (p < 0.001) for G2B. The mean HUa of 506HU in G2A was slightly below HUtarget = 525HU (p = 0.01) whereas in G2B, the mean HUa of 414HU was not significantly different from HUtarget = 425HU (p = 0.54). The total iodine dose was lowered from 19.5 g-I to 17.6 g-I and 14.2 g-I from G1 to G2A and G2B, on average. CONCLUSION A contrast injection model, based on patient's fat free mass and accounting for the contrast agent concentration and the planned CT-scan tube voltage, harmonized arterial enhancement among patients towards a predefined target enhancement in coronary CTA scanning, without affecting the bolus timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert Van Gompel
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of RadiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of RadiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Dries Belsack
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of RadiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Johan de Mey
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of RadiologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Nico Buls
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of RadiologyBrusselsBelgium
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12
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Martens B, Wildberger JE, Van Kuijk SMJ, De Vos-Geelen J, Jeukens CRLPN, Mihl C. Influence of Contrast Material Temperature on Patient Comfort and Image Quality in Computed Tomography of the Abdomen: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Invest Radiol 2022; 57:85-89. [PMID: 34280944 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guideline recommendations on safe use of contrast media (CM) are conflicting regarding the necessity to prewarm iodinated CM. PURPOSE Aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of room temperature CM compared with prewarmed CM on image quality, safety, and patient comfort in abdominal computed tomography (CT). METHODS CATCHY (Contrast Media Temperature and Patient Comfort in Computed Tomography of the Abdomen) is a double-blinded, randomized noninferiority trial. Between February and August 2020, 218 participants referred for portal venous abdominal CT were prospectively and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. All patients received iopromide at 300 mg I/mL: group 1 at room temperature (~23°C [~73°F]) and group 2 prewarmed to body temperature (37°C [99°F]). A state-of-the-art individualized CM injection protocol was used, based on body weight and adapted to tube voltage. Primary outcome was absolute difference in mean liver attenuation between groups, calculated with a 2-sided 95% confidence interval. The noninferiority margin was set at -10 HU. Secondary outcomes were objective (signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio) and subjective image quality; CM extravasations and other adverse events; and participant comfort (5-point scale questionnaire) and pain (numeric rating scale). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04249479). RESULTS The absolute difference in mean attenuation between groups was + 4.23 HU (95% confidence interval, +0.35 to +8.11; mean attenuation, 122.2 ± 13.1 HU in group 1, 118.0 ± 15.9 HU in group 2; P = 0.03). Signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and subjective image quality were not significantly different between groups (P = 0.53, 0.23, and 0.99 respectively). Contrast extravasation occurred in 1 patient (group 2), and no other adverse events occurred. Comfort scores were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P = 0.03); pain did not significantly differ (perceived P > 0.99; intensity P = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS Not prewarming iodinated CM was found noninferior in abdominal CT imaging. Prewarming conferred no beneficial effect on image quality, safety, and comfort, and might therefore no longer be considered a prerequisite in state-of-the art injection protocols for parenchymal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sander M J Van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center
| | | | - Cécile R L P N Jeukens
- From the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center
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13
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Kan J, Milne M, Tyrrell D, Mansfield C. Lean body weight-adjusted intravenous iodinated contrast dose for abdominal CT in dogs reduces interpatient enhancement variability while providing diagnostic quality organ enhancement. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:719-728. [PMID: 35687840 PMCID: PMC9796484 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is increasingly used to screen for abdominal pathology in dogs, and the contrast dose used is commonly calculated as a linear function of total body weight (TBW). Body fat is not metabolically active and contributes little to dispersing or diluting contrast medium (CM) in the blood. This prospective, analytic, cross-section design pilot study aimed to establish the feasibility of intravenous CM dosed according to lean body weight (LBW) for abdominal CECT in dogs compared to TBW. We hypothesized that when dosing intravenous CM according to LBW, studies will remain at diagnostic quality, there will be a reduced interindividual contrast enhancement (CE) variability, and there will be less change to heart rate and blood pressure in dogs compared to when administering CM calculated on TBW. Twelve dogs had two CECT studies with contrast doses according to TBW and LBW at least 8 weeks apart. Interindividual organ and vessel CE variability, diagnostic quality of the studies, and changes in physiological status were compared between protocols. The LBW-based protocol provided less variability in the CE of most organs and vessels (except the aorta). When dosed according to LBW, liver enhancement was positively associated with grams of iodine per kg TBW during the portal venous phase (P = 0.046). There was no significant difference in physiological parameters after CM administration between dosing protocols. Our conclusion is that a CM dose based on LBW for abdominal CECT lowers interindividual CE variability and is effective at maintaining studies of diagnostic quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kan
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
| | - Marjorie Milne
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
| | - Dayle Tyrrell
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Diagnostic Imaging Department of U‐Vet Werribee Animal HospitalVictoriaAustralia
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14
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Individualized Scan Protocols in Abdominal Computed Tomography: Radiation Versus Contrast Media Dose Optimization. Invest Radiol 2021; 57:353-358. [PMID: 34935651 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT), radiation and contrast media (CM) injection protocols are closely linked to each other, and therefore a combination is the basis for achieving optimal image quality. However, most studies focus on optimizing one or the other parameter separately. PURPOSE Reducing radiation dose may be most important for a young patient or a population in need of repetitive scanning, whereas CM reduction might be key in a population with insufficient renal function. The recently introduced technical solution, in the form of an automated tube voltage selection (ATVS) slider, might be helpful in this respect. The aim of the current study was to systematically evaluate feasibility of optimizing either radiation or CM dose in abdominal imaging compared with a combined approach. METHODS Six Göttingen minipigs (mean weight, 38.9 ± 4.8 kg) were scanned on a third-generation dual-source CT. Automated tube voltage selection and automated tube current modulation techniques were used, with quality reference values of 120 kVref and 210 mAsref. Automated tube voltage selection was set at 90 kV semimode. Three different abdominal scan and CM protocols were compared intraindividually: (1) the standard "combined" protocol, with the ATVS slider position set at 7 and a body weight-adapted CM injection protocol of 350 mg I/kg body weight, iodine delivery rate (IDR) of 1.1 g I/s; (2) the CM dose-saving protocol, with the ATVS slider set at 3 and CM dose lowered to 294 mg I/kg, resulting in a lower IDR of 0.9 g I/s; (3) the radiation dose-saving protocol, with the ATVS slider position set at 11 and a CM dose of 441 mg I/kg and an IDR 1.3 g I/s, respectively. Scans were performed with each protocol in arterial, portal venous, and delayed phase. Objective image quality was evaluated by measuring the attenuation in Hounsfield units, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio of the liver parenchyma. The overall image quality, contrast quality, noise, and lesion detection capability were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = excellent, 5 = very poor). Protocols were compared for objective image quality parameters using 1-way analysis of variance and for subjective image quality parameters using Friedman test. RESULTS The mean radiation doses were 5.2 ± 1.7 mGy for the standard protocol, 7.1 ± 2.0 mGy for the CM dose-saving protocol, and 3.8 ± 0.4 mGy for the radiation dose-saving protocol. The mean total iodine load in these groups was 13.7 ± 1.7, 11.4 ± 1.4, and 17.2 ± 2.1 g, respectively. No significant differences in subjective overall image or contrast quality were found. Signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were not significantly different between protocols in any scan phase. Significantly more noise was seen when using the radiation dose-saving protocol (P < 0.01). In portal venous and delayed phases, the mean attenuation of the liver parenchyma significantly differed between protocols (P < 0.001). Lesion detection was significantly better in portal venous phase using the CM dose-saving protocol compared with the radiation dose-saving protocol (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS In this experimental setup, optimizing either radiation (-26%) or CM dose (-16%) is feasible in abdominal CT imaging. Individualizing either radiation or CM dose leads to comparable objective and subjective image quality. Personalized abdominal CT examination protocols can thus be tailored to individual risk assessment and might offer additional degrees of freedom.
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15
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Camera L, Dell'Aversano-Orabona G, Gambardella M, Riccitiello F, Galatola R, Liuzzi R, Longobardi M, Danzi R, Ponsiglione A, Stanzione A, Maurea S, Brunetti A. Tailored versus fixed scan delay in contrast-enhanced abdominal multi-detector CT: An intra-patient comparison of image quality. Eur J Radiol 2021; 143:109914. [PMID: 34509881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To perform anintra-patient comparison betweena single-pass protocol (SP) and a portal venous phase (PVP) by means ofboth quantitative and qualitative analysis of image quality. METHODS Forty patients (31 M; 9F; aged 20-77 years; BMI 23 ± 4 Kg/m2) underwent both a SP and a PVP using a 64-rows multi-detector CT with a median interval time of 56 days (range5-903). All patients underwent i.v. bolus injection (2.0 cc/sec) of 1.7 cc/Kg of a non ionic iodinated contrast-media (370 mgI/ml) with scan delays of 67 ± 8 and 90 s for the SP and the PVP, respectively. Signal- (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were calculated for most visceral organs and for both abdominal aorta (AA) and main portal vein (MPV). For qualitative analysis, reproduction of abdominal viscera and vascular structures was blindly evaluated and inter-observer agreement calculated by the weighted Cohen k-analysis. RESULTS Attenuation values (H.U.) of AA (232 ± 53vs180 ± 36) and MPV (215 ± 39vs187 ± 42) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the SP than in PVP, respectively. At qualitative analysis, reproduction of mostabdominal viscerawas also significantly sharper (p < 0.001) with the SP than the PVPwith inter-observer agreement scores (k)ranging from 0.60 to 0.88 for all but one imaging criteria. CONCLUSIONS As the SP resulted in a significantly higher vascular enhancement and in a sharper reproduction of most abdominal viscera, it may be better suited than a PVP for the CT evaluation of non traumatic acute abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Camera
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1).
| | | | - Michele Gambardella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1)
| | | | - Roberta Galatola
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1)
| | - Raffaele Liuzzi
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (National Research Council), (https://www.cnr.it/en/institute/017), University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(2)
| | - Margaret Longobardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1)
| | - Roberta Danzi
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Grazie, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy(3)
| | - Andrea Ponsiglione
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1)
| | - Arnaldo Stanzione
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1)
| | - Simone Maurea
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1)
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy(1)
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16
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A Metric for Quantification of Iodine Contrast Enhancement (Q-ICE) in Computed Tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2021; 45:870-876. [PMID: 34469906 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000001215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor contrast enhancement is related to issues with examination execution, contrast prescription, computed tomography (CT) protocols, and patient conditions. Currently, our community has no metric to monitor true enhancement on routine single-phase examinations because this requires knowledge of both pre- and postcontrast CT number. PURPOSE We propose an automatable solution to quantifying contrast enhancement without requiring a dedicated noncontrast series. METHODS The difference in CT number between a target region in an enhanced and unenhanced image defines the metric "quantification of iodine contrast enhancement" (Q-ICE). Quantification of iodine contrast enhancement uses the noncontrast bolus tracking baseline image from routine abdominal examinations, which mitigates the need for a dedicated noncontrast series. We applied this method retrospectively to 312 patient livers from 2 sites between 2017 and 2020. Each site used a weight-based contrast injection protocol for weights 60 to 113 kg and a constant volume less than 60 kg and greater than 113 kg. Hypothesis testing was performed to compare Q-ICE between sites and detect Q-ICE dependence on weight and kilovoltage (kV). RESULTS Mean Q-ICE differed between sites (P = 0.004) by 4.96 Hounsfield unit with 95% confidence interval (1.63-8.28), albeit this difference was roughly 2 times smaller than the SD in Q-ICE across patients at a single site. For patients between 60 and 113 kg, we did not observe evidence of Q-ICE varying with patient weight (P = 0.920 and 0.064 for 120 and 140 kV, respectively). The Q-ICE did vary with patient weight for patients less than 60 kg (P = 0.003) and greater than 113 kg (P = 0.04). We observed a roughly 10 Hounsfield unit reduction in Q-ICE liver for patients scanned with 140 versus 120 kV. We observed several underenhancing examinations with an arterial phase appearance motivating our CT protocol optimization team to consider increasing the delay for slowly enhancing patients. CONCLUSIONS A quality metric for quantifying CT contrast enhancement was developed and suggested tangible opportunities for quality improvement and potential financial savings.
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17
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Costa AF, Peet K. Contrast media injection protocol for portovenous phase abdominal CT: does a fixed injection duration improve hepatic enhancement over a fixed injection rate? Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:2968-2975. [PMID: 33386915 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether a fixed contrast media (CM) injection duration improves the magnitude and inter-patient variability in hepatic enhancement over a fixed injection rate. METHODS Outpatients who underwent portovenous phase abdominal CT (fixed duration, February-November 2018; fixed rate, January-July 2020) with 1.22 mL/kg iohexol 350 were included. Subjects with liver, kidney or heart disease were excluded. The number of subjects and injection protocols were as follows: fixed duration arm, 56 women, 60 men, 35 s injection duration; fixed rate arm, 66 women, 62 men, 3 mL/s injection rate. Liver attenuation measurements were obtained from regions of interest on pre- and post-contrast images. Mean hepatic enhancement (MHE) and MHE normalized to iodine dose (MHE/I) were compared (unpaired t-tests and F-tests). RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in age, weight, body mass index or CM dosing (p > 0.05). Enhancement indices were significantly lower in the fixed rate group as compared to the fixed duration group, as follows: MHE, 50.0 ± 12 vs. 54.8 ± 11 HU (p = 0.001); and MHE/I, 1.53 ± 0.43 vs. 1.66 ± 0.51 HU/g, (p = 0.04). However, there was no significant difference in the variances of MHE (p = 0.51) and MHE/I (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION A fixed CM injection duration yields a greater magnitude in hepatic enhancement indices than a fixed injection rate. Inter-patient variability in hepatic enhancement indices do not significantly differ between the two injection protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu F Costa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd floor, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada.
| | - Kris Peet
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Victoria General Building, 3rd floor, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
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18
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Zanca F, Brat HG, Pujadas P, Racine D, Dufour B, Fournier D, Rizk B. Prospective multicenter study on personalized and optimized MDCT contrast protocols: results on liver enhancement. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:8236-8245. [PMID: 33914115 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine a personalized and optimized contrast injection protocol for a uniform and optimal diagnostic level of liver parenchymal enhancement, in a large patient population enrolled in a multicenter study. METHODS Six hundred ninety-two patients who underwent a standardized multi-phase liver CT examination were prospectively assigned to one contrast media (CM) protocol group: G1 (100 mL fixed volume, 37 gI); G2 (600 mgI/kg of total body weight (TBW)); G3 (750 mgI/kg of fat-free mass (FFM)), and G4 (600 mgI/kg of FFM). Change in liver parenchyma CT number between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced images was measured by two radiologists, on 3-mm pre-contrast and portal phase axial reconstructions. The enhancement histograms were compared across CM protocols, specifically according to a target diagnostic value of 50 HU. The total amount of iodine dose was also compared among protocols by median and interquartile range (IQR). The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess significant differences (p < 0.005), as appropriate. RESULTS A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found across the groups with liver enhancement decreasing from median over-enhanced values of 77.0 (G1), 71.3 (G2), and 65.1 (G3) to a target enhancement of 53.2 HU for G4. Enhancement IQR was progressively reduced from 26.5 HU (G1), 26.0 HU (G2), and 17.8 HU (G3) to 14.5 HU (G4). G4 showed a median iodine dose of 26.0 gI, significantly lower (p < 0.001) than G3 (33.9 gI), G2 (38.8 gI), and G1 (37 gI). CONCLUSIONS The 600 mgI/kg FFM-based protocol enabled a diagnostically optimized liver enhancement and improved patient-to-patient enhancement uniformity, while significantly reducing iodine load. KEY POINTS • Consistent and clinically adequate liver enhancement is observed with personalized and optimized contrast injection protocol. • Fat-free mass is an appropriate body size parameter for correlation with liver parenchymal enhancement. • Diagnostic oncology follow-up liver CT examinations may be obtained using 600 mgI/kg of FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zanca
- Palindromo Consulting, Willem de Corylaan, 51 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - H G Brat
- Institut de Radiologie de Sion, Groupe 3R, Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - D Racine
- Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA), Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Dufour
- Institut de Radiologie de Sion, Groupe 3R, Sion, Switzerland
| | - D Fournier
- Institut de Radiologie de Sion, Groupe 3R, Sion, Switzerland
| | - B Rizk
- Centre d'Imagerie de Fribourg, Groupe 3R, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Caruso D, Rosati E, Panvini N, Rengo M, Bellini D, Moltoni G, Bracci B, Lucertini E, Zerunian M, Polici M, De Santis D, Iannicelli E, Anibaldi P, Carbone I, Laghi A. Optimization of contrast medium volume for abdominal CT in oncologic patients: prospective comparison between fixed and lean body weight-adapted dosing protocols. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:40. [PMID: 33743100 PMCID: PMC7981367 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-00980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient body size represents the main determinant of parenchymal enhancement and by adjusting the contrast media (CM) dose to patient weight may be a more appropriate approach to avoid a patient over dosage of CM. To compare the performance of fixed-dose and lean body weight (LBW)-adapted contrast media dosing protocols, in terms of image quality and parenchymal enhancement. Results One-hundred cancer patients undergoing multiphasic abdominal CT were prospectively enrolled in this multicentric study and randomly divided in two groups: patients in fixed-dose group (n = 50) received 120 mL of CM while in LBW group (n = 50) the amount of CM was computed according to the patient’s LBW. LBW protocol group received a significantly lower amount of CM (103.47 ± 17.65 mL vs. 120.00 ± 0.00 mL, p < 0.001). Arterial kidney signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and pancreatic CNR were significantly higher in LBW group (all p ≤ 0.004). LBW group provided significantly higher arterial liver, kidney, and pancreatic contrast enhancement index (CEI) and portal venous phase kidney CEI (all p ≤ 0.002). Significantly lower portal vein SNR and CNR were observed in LBW-Group (all p ≤ 0.020). Conclusions LBW-adapted CM administration for abdominal CT reduces the volume of injected CM and improves both image quality and parenchymal enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Caruso
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Panvini
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ICOT Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Rengo
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ICOT Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Davide Bellini
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ICOT Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Giulia Moltoni
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Bracci
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Lucertini
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Zerunian
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Polici
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico De Santis
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Elsa Iannicelli
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Anibaldi
- Hospital Direction and Clinical Departments, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Carbone
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ICOT Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Via Franco Faggiana, 1668, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
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20
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Zanardo M, Doniselli FM, Esseridou A, Agrò M, Panarisi NAR, Monti CB, Di Leo G, Sardanelli F. Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:132. [PMID: 33296036 PMCID: PMC7726088 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Zanardo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Martino Doniselli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Neuroradiology Department, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastassia Esseridou
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agrò
- Postgraduate School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi
- Postgraduate School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Beatrice Monti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Leo
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Peet KA. Response to: Abdominal CT: a radiologist-driven adjustment of the dose of iodinated contrast agent approaches a calculation per lean body weight. Eur Radiol Exp 2020; 4:56. [PMID: 32959104 PMCID: PMC7505906 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-020-00178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kris A Peet
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Victoria General Hospital, Dalhousie University, Victoria Building, 3rd Floor, North Wing, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada.
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22
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A Solution for Homogeneous Liver Enhancement in Computed Tomography: Results From the COMpLEx Trial. Invest Radiol 2020; 55:666-672. [PMID: 32898357 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to reach homogeneous enhancement of the liver, irrespective of total body weight (TBW) or tube voltage. An easy-to-use rule of thumb, the 10-to-10 rule, which pairs a 10 kV reduction in tube voltage with a 10% decrease in contrast media (CM) dose, was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 256 patients scheduled for an abdominal CT in portal venous phase were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 groups. In group 1 (n = 64), a tube voltage of 120 kV and a TBW-adapted CM injection protocol was used: 0.521 g I/kg. In group 2 (n = 63), tube voltage was 90 kV and the TBW-adapted CM dosing factor remained 0.521 g I/kg. In group 3 (n = 63), tube voltage was reduced by 20 kV and CM dosing factor by 20% compared with group 1, in line with the 10-to-10 rule (100 kV; 0.417 g I/kg). In group 4 (n = 66), tube voltage was decreased by 30 kV paired with a 30% decrease in CM dosing factor compared with group 1, in line with the 10-to-10 rule (90 kV; 0.365 g I/kg). Objective image quality was evaluated by measuring attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU), signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio in the liver. Overall subjective image quality was assessed by 2 experienced readers by using a 5-point Likert scale. Two-sided P values below 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS Mean attenuation values in groups 1, 3, and 4 were comparable (118.2 ± 10.0, 117.6 ± 13.9, 117.3 ± 21.6 HU, respectively), whereas attenuation in group 2 (141.0 ± 18.2 HU) was significantly higher than all other groups (P < 0.01). No significant difference in attenuation was found between weight categories 80 kg or less and greater than 80 kg within the 4 groups (P ≥ 0.371). No significant differences in subjective image quality were found (P = 0.180). CONCLUSIONS The proposed 10-to-10 rule is an easily reproducible method resulting in similar enhancement in portal venous CT of the liver throughout the patient population, irrespective of TBW or tube voltage.
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Tailoring Contrast Media Protocols to Varying Tube Voltages in Vascular and Parenchymal CT Imaging: The 10-to-10 Rule. Invest Radiol 2020; 55:673-676. [PMID: 32898358 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The latest technical developments in CT have created the possibility for individualized scan protocols at variable kV settings. Lowering tube voltages closer to the K-edge of iodine increases attenuation. However, the latter is also influenced by patient characteristics such as total body weight. To maintain a robust contrast enhancement throughout the patient population in both vascular and parenchymal CT scans, one must adapt the contrast media administration protocols to both the selected kV setting and patient body habitus. This article proposes a simple rule of thumb for how to adapt the contrast media protocol to any kV setting: the 10-to-10 rule.
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Costa AF, Peet K, Abdolell M. Dosing Iodinated Contrast Media According to Lean Versus Total Body Weight at Abdominal CT: A Stratified Randomized Controlled Trial. Acad Radiol 2020; 27:833-840. [PMID: 31439467 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To compare the magnitude and interpatient variability in normalized mean hepatic enhancement (MHE) indices when dosing contrast media (CM) according to total body weight (TBW) and lean body weight (LBW). MATERIALS AND METHODS This ethics-approved stratified randomized controlled study allocated 280 outpatients for abdominal Computed Tomography (CT) between February-November 2018 to TBW- or LBW-dosing using computer-generated tables. CTs were acquired in portal venous phase after fixed 35-second injection of Iohexol 350. Patients with missing precontrast image, incorrect dose, or chronic kidney, liver or heart disease were excluded. The number of included patients and CM doses were: TBW arm, 51 women and 60 men, 1.22 mL/kg; LBW arm, 59 women, 1.66 mL/kg LBW, and 59 men, 1.52 mL/kg LBW. Liver attenuations were obtained from regions of interest. Values and standard deviations in MHE indices normalized to iodine dose (MHE/I) and iodine dose per kg TBW (aMHE = MHE/[I/TBW]) were compared (unpaired t tests and F-tests). RESULTS Cohorts were similar in age, sex, TBW, and LBW. TBW groups received more CM than LBW groups: men, 106.5 ± 20 versus 98.4 ± 11 mL, p = 0.007; women, 93.7 ± 20 versus 77.5 ± 11 mL, p < 0.0001. TBW and LBW groups showed no significant difference in MHE/I (women, 1.75 ± 0.5 versus 1.86 ± 0.6 HU/g, p = 0.31; men, 1.53 ± 0.4 versus 1.52 ± 0.4 HU/g, p = 0.90) or aMHE (women, 0.03 ± 0.01 versus 0.03 ± 0.01 HU/g/kg, p = 0.25; men, 0.02 ± 0.01 versus 0.02 ± 0.01 HU/g/kg, p = 0.52). Variances in MHE/I and aMHE were not significantly different for all groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION TBW- and LBW-based CM dosing yield a similar magnitude and interpatient variability in normalized MHE indices at routine abdominal CT.
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25
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Cost-Minimization Analysis of Multidose and Single-Dose Packaging of Contrast Media for Contrast-Enhanced CT: Results From Real-World Data in China. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215:5-14. [PMID: 32208008 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Utilization and waste in diagnostic imaging have substantially increased worldwide. The purpose of this study was to highlight the utilization of contrast material and cost savings resulting from implementation of a multidose bulk IV contrast delivery system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An observational study was conducted in October-November 2018 in eight hospitals in eight provinces in China. Contrast media specifications were 100-mL single-use IV contrast vials and 200-mL and 500-mL bulk packaging. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing contrast media use. Cost-minimization and sensitivity analyses were performed from patient and payer perspectives. RESULTS. A total of 1032 patients, some of whom underwent more than one CT examination, were enrolled in this study (100-mL package, 776 CT examinations; 200-mL package, 382 CT examinations). The mean injected volume of contrast medium was 75.46 mL. Number of scanned body parts, specification of amount of contrast medium (0, 100 mL; 1, 200 mL), whether the examination was CT angiography (CTA) (0, not CTA; 1, CTA), and patient weight all had a positive impact on the injected volume of contrast medium (p < 0.001 for all variables). Implementation of a multidose bulk IV contrast delivery system combined with different reimbursement units resulted in substantial waste reduction, estimated at US$5.59-6.04 per contrast-enhanced CT examination from the payer perspective, US$12.84-14.66 per examination from the patient perspective, and a total reduction of US$18.29-20.70 per examination. CONCLUSION. Use of multidose packaging of contrast media combined with reimbursement units for patients undergoing IV contrast-enhanced CT was found to be cost saving compared with use of single-dose packaging.
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Individually Body Weight-Adapted Contrast Media Application in Computed Tomography Imaging of the Liver at 90 kVp. Invest Radiol 2019; 54:177-182. [PMID: 30721159 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the attenuation and image quality (IQ) of a body weight-adapted contrast media (CM) protocol compared with a fixed injection protocol in computed tomography (CT) of the liver at 90 kV. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred ninety-nine consecutive patients referred for abdominal CT imaging in portal venous phase were included. Group 1 (n = 100) received a fixed CM dose with a total iodine load (TIL) of 33 g I at a flow rate of 3.5 mL/s, resulting in an iodine delivery rate (IDR) of 1.05 g I/s. Group 2 (n = 99) received a body weight-adapted CM protocol with a dosing factor of 0.4 g I/kg with a subsequent TIL adapted to the patients' weight. Injection time of 30 seconds was kept identical for all patients. Therefore, flow rate and IDR changed with different body weight. Patients were divided into 3 weight categories; 70 kg or less, 71 to 85 kg, and 86 kg or greater. Attenuation (HU) in 3 segments of the liver, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast-to-noise ratio were used to evaluate objective IQ. Subjective IQ was assessed by a 5-point Likert scale. Differences between groups were statistically analyzed (P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant). RESULTS No significant differences in baseline characteristics were found between groups. The CM volume and TIL differed significantly between groups (P < 0.01), with mean values in group 1 of 110 mL and 33 g I, and in group 2 of 104.1 ± 21.2 mL and 31.2 ± 6.3 g I, respectively. Flow rate and IDR were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05). Body weight-adapted protocoling led to more homogeneous enhancement of the liver parenchyma compared with a fixed protocol with a mean enhancement per weight category in group 2 of 126.5 ± 15.8, 128.2 ± 15.3, and 122.7 ± 21.2 HU compared with that in group 1 of 139.9 ± 21.4, 124.6 ± 24.8, and 116.2 ± 17.8 HU, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Body weight-adapted CM injection protocols result in more homogeneous enhancement of the liver parenchyma at 90 kV in comparison to a fixed CM volume with comparable objective and subjective IQ, whereas overall CM volume can be safely reduced in more than half of patients.
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27
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Hibino T, Ichikawa K, Fang Y, Ito S, Kawashima H, Bae KT. Determination of contrast medium dose for hepatic CT enhancement with improved body size dependency using a non-linear analysis based on pharmacokinetic principles. Clin Radiol 2019; 75:238.e11-238.e19. [PMID: 31679815 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To propose a pharmacokinetic non-linear analysis method to determine contrast medium (CM) dose for computed tomography (CT) hepatic enhancement to improve body size dependency and validate the proposed CM dose determination method through a clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enhancement data of 105 patients who underwent hepatic dynamic CT with a fixed CM dose were analysed. From the analysis results, CM doses as a function of each of four body size indices (body weight [BW], lean body weight [LBW], blood volume [BV], and body surface area [BSA]) for achieving improved body size dependency were determined (proposed method), and the body size dependencies were simulated using the enhancement data from 105 patients. The proposed method was validated with a two-arm clinical study on BW. Body size dependency was evaluated using p-value of correlation coefficient between Body size indices and enhancements (p<0.05: significant dependency) and mean absolute error (MAE). RESULTS The simulation showed that significant body size dependencies not considered by the conventional method can be improved by the proposed method. MAEs of BW, LBW, and BV were also significantly reduced (p<0.05). The clinical study with BW demonstrated a similar improvement to that in the simulation result. MAE was also significantly reduced (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The proposed method demonstrated more improved BW, LBW, and BV dependence compared to the conventional method. Through the two-arm clinical study, the proposed method using BW only, without height information, is a suitable index for improving body size dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hibino
- Department of Radiological Technology, Daiyukai General Hospital, 1-9-9 Sakura, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 491-8551, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - K Ichikawa
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan.
| | - Y Fang
- MIMOSA Diagnostics, 1 Yonge St, Toronto, M5E1E5, Canada
| | - S Ito
- Department of Radiology, Daiyukai General Hospital, 1-9-9 Sakura, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 491-8551, Japan
| | - H Kawashima
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-0942, Japan
| | - K T Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3362 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Abstract
Contrast agents have become an indispensable part of everyday life in diagnostic radiology. In multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), they provide essential diagnostic information, especially for vascular, inflammatory or oncologic diseases, which otherwise could not be answered. The two most important groups are iodine- and gadolinium-containing contrast agents. Rare side effects include PC-AKI (post-contrast acute kidney injury); more common are allergic and chemotoxic reactions. Since the introduction of guidelines, nephrogenic fibrosis has not been reported anymore, whereas gadolinium deposition in the central nervous system (CNS) has become a new topic. Concerning contrast media use in patients with reduced renal function, at a eGFR threshold of <45 ml/min or <30 ml/min, hydration and a review of indication for enhanced MDCT, depending on the application, is recommended. Low kV and DE-scan protocols with MDCT can help to reduce the amount of iodinated contrast agents. In MRI examinations, only macrocyclic contrast agents should be used for enhanced MRI exams. There has to be a careful risk-benefit analysis with enhanced studies in pregnancy, during lactation and in the pediatric population. Patient information and legal aspects with nonapproved indications are indispensable parts of daily clinical routine. The continuous updating and broadening of knowledge regarding the appropriate use of the various contrast agents has to be an integral part of clinical diagnostic radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krestan
- Abteilung für Allgemeine- und Kinderradiologie, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
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Walgraeve MS, Pyfferoen L, Van De Moortele K, Zanca F, Bielen D, Casselman JW. Implementation of patient-tailored contrast volumes based on body surface area and heart rate harmonizes contrast enhancement and reduces contrast load in small patients in portal venous phase abdominal CT. Eur J Radiol 2019; 121:108630. [PMID: 31587920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a patient-tailored contrast volume protocol on portal venous phase abdominal CT-images compared to a fixed volume protocol in daily radiological practice. METHOD Data of 77 patients who underwent two contrast-enhanced CT-examinations were collected. The first examination was performed with a fixed contrast volume (95 ml), the follow-up examination was performed with a patient-tailored contrast volume based on patient's BSA and heart rate. The patient-tailored volume was calculated by a software application integrated in the interface of the injection pump. Two independent radiologists assessed subjective and objective image quality. Differences in enhancement and contrast volumes between both protocols were analysed. RESULTS Despite a significant contrast volume reduction in women and in patients with low to normal BMI, enhancement was more consistent over different BMI-categories in the patient-tailored contrast volume protocol and there was no significant difference in subjective image quality between both injection protocols. CONCLUSIONS A patient-tailored contrast volume protocol based on BSA and heart rate can be considered in daily radiological practice to decrease contrast volumes in women and in low to normal BMI patients and to achieve more consistent contrast enhancement across different BMI-categories in venous phase abdominal CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Walgraeve
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, AZ St-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; Department of Radiology, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - L Pyfferoen
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, AZ St-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - K Van De Moortele
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, AZ St-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - F Zanca
- GE Healthcare, 283 Rue de la Minière, 78530 Buc, France; Palindromo Consulting, Willem de Croylaan 51, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - D Bielen
- Department of Radiology, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 505, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J W Casselman
- Department of Radiology-Medical Imaging, AZ St-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Ruddershove 10, 8000 Bruges, Belgium; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Peet K, Clarke SE, Costa AF. Hepatic enhancement differences when dosing iodinated contrast media according to total versus lean body weight. Acta Radiol 2019; 60:807-814. [PMID: 30227724 DOI: 10.1177/0284185118801137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kris Peet
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sharon E Clarke
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andreu F Costa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Camera L, Pezzullo F, Acampora A, Liuzzi R, Rispo A, Nardone OM, Luglio G, Bucci L, Castiglione F, Brunetti A. Multi-detector CT enterography in active inflammatory bowel disease: Image quality and diagnostic efficacy of a low-radiation high contrast protocol. Clin Imaging 2019; 58:27-33. [PMID: 31228828 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate image quality and diagnostic efficacy of a low radiation-high contrast (LR-HC) CT Enterography (CTE) in active Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-five (36M; 49F; 17-75 yrs) patients with active IBD underwent contrast-enhanced CTE and were stratified in two groups according to age (< or ≥45 yrs): Group A (N = 45; 32 ± 9 yrs; 58 ± 10 kg) and Group B (N = 40; 58 ± 10 yrs; 61 ± 13 kg). Each group received a different amount of radiation (Noise Index, NI) and non-ionic iodinated contrast media (LOCM) as follows: Group A (NI = 15; 2.5 ml/kg) and Group B (NI = 12.5; 2 ml/kg). Thyroid functional tests were performed in all patients of group A at 4-6 wks. Signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated for liver (L) and abdominal aorta (A). Statistical analysis was performed by Student's t- or Chi-square test for continuous and categorical data, respectively. RESULTS No patient of Group A developed signs of thyrotoxicosis. SNRL, CNRL and diagnostic accuracy of CTE were 8.4 ± 1.7 vs 8.9 ± 2.1 (p = 0.256), 5.4 ± 1.5 vs 5.6 ± 1.7 (p = 0.486) and 91.1 vs 92.5% (p = 0.764) whereas the effective dose and the LOCM administered were 6.7 ± 2.2 vs 13.9 ± 6.0 mSv (p < 0.001) and 144 ± 25 vs 122 ± 25 ml (p < 0.001) for Group A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION LR-HC CTE is a dose-effective protocol in the evaluation of active IBD in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Camera
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Filomena Pezzullo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Acampora
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Liuzzi
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rispo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery - Sections of Gastroenterology, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Maria Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery - Sections of Gastroenterology, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Luglio
- Colo-rectal Surgery, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Bucci
- Colo-rectal Surgery, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery - Sections of Gastroenterology, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences - Section of Diagnostic Imaging, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Zanardo M, Doniselli FM, Esseridou A, Tritella S, Mattiuz C, Menicagli L, Di Leo G, Sardanelli F. Abdominal CT: a radiologist-driven adjustment of the dose of iodinated contrast agent approaches a calculation per lean body weight. Eur Radiol Exp 2018; 2:41. [PMID: 30515613 PMCID: PMC6279751 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-018-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contrast agent (CA) dose for abdominal computed tomography (CT) is typically based on patient total body weight (TBW), ignoring adipose tissue distribution. We report on our experience of dosing according to the lean body weight (LBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, we retrospectively screened 219 consecutive patients, 18 being excluded for not matching the inclusion criteria. Thus, 201 were analysed (106 males), all undergoing a contrast-enhanced abdominal CT with iopamidol (370 mgI/mL) or iomeprol (400 mgI/mL). LBW was estimated using validated formulas. Liver contrast-enhancement (CEL) was measured. Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation. Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and the Levene test were used. Results Mean age was 66 ± 13 years, TBW 72 ± 15 kg, LBW 53 ± 11 kg, and LBW/TBW ratio 74 ± 8%; body mass index was 26 ± 5 kg/m2, with 9 underweight patients (4%), 82 normal weight (41%), 76 overweight (38%), and 34 obese (17%). The administered CA dose was 0.46 ± 0.06 gI/kg of TBW, corresponding to 0.63 ± 0.09 gI/kg of LBW. A negative correlation was found between TBW and CA dose (r = -0.683, p < 0.001). CEL (Hounsfield units) was 51 ± 18 in underweight patients, 44 ± 8 in normal weight, 42 ± 9 in overweight, and 40 ± 6 in obese, with a significant difference for both mean (p = 0.004) and variance (p < 0.001). A low but significant positive correlation was found between CEL and CA dose in gI per TBW (r = 0.371, p < 0.001) or per LBW (r = 0.333, p < 0.001). Conclusions The injected CA dose was highly variable, with obese patients receiving a lower dose than underweight patients, as a radiologist-driven ‘compensation effect’. Diagnostic abdomen CT examinations may be obtained using 0.63 gI/kg of LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Zanardo
- PhD Course in Integrative Biomedical Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fabio Martino Doniselli
- Postgraduate School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastassia Esseridou
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Stefania Tritella
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Chiara Mattiuz
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Laura Menicagli
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Leo
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Patients With Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Utility of Noise-Reduced Monoenergetic Images for the Evaluation of Washout and Image Quality in the Equilibrium Phase. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2018; 42:937-943. [PMID: 29659425 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the utility of virtual monoenergetic images for detecting washout of small (≤2 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the equilibrium phase. METHODS We performed 120-kVp-equivalent linear-blended (M120) and monoenergetic reconstructions from 40 to 90 keV by standard (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90) and novel noise-reduced (nMERA: 40+, 50+, 60+, 70+, 80+, 90+) monoenergetic reconstruction algorithms. Image quality and tumor visibility of delayed washout of HCCs in the equilibrium phase were compared between standard monoenergetic reconstruction algorithm and nMERA by objective and subjective analyses. RESULTS Contrast-to-noise ratio of the tumor at 40+ was the highest, whereas the score of tumor visibility peaked at 50+. The score of overall image quality at 40+ was significantly lower than those on all other image series, and the image quality among other image series were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Virtual monoenergetic image reconstructed with nMERA 50+ was most appropriate to detect washout of small HCCs.
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Kalra MK, Becker HC, Enterline DS, Lowry CR, Molvin LZ, Singh R, Rybicki FJ. Contrast Administration in CT: A Patient-Centric Approach. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 16:295-301. [PMID: 30082238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patient-centric care has garnered the attention of the radiology community. The authors describe a patient-centric approach to iodinated contrast administration designed to optimize the diagnostic yield of contrast-enhanced CT while minimizing patient iodine load and exposure to ionizing radiation, thereby enhancing patient safety while providing reasonable diagnostic efficacy. Patient-centric CT hardware settings and contrast media administration are important considerations for clinical CT quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannudeep K Kalra
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Hans-Christoph Becker
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Carolyn R Lowry
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lior Z Molvin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Stanford Healthcare, Palo Alto, California
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank J Rybicki
- Department of Radiology, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Muroga K, Fukuzawa A, Tsukioka H, Akizawa Y, Ichikawa K. [Effect of Tube Voltage on Contrast Enhancement and Contrast Medium Dose in Abdominal Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2018; 74:61-67. [PMID: 29353837 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2018_jsrt_74.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tube voltage on relationship between a patient's body weight and contrast enhancement in abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Five phantoms with diameters ranging from 19.2 to 30.6 cm, including syringes filled with iodine solution diluted to different concentrations, were used to compare the effects at tube voltages of 80, 100, and 120 kVp. Furthermore, for clinical study, 300 patients who underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT examinations were enrolled and enhancements of aorta and hepatic parenchyma in arterial phase and equilibrium phase were compared at 80, 100, and 120 kVp using a contrast medium administration proportional to the body weight. The contrast enhancement was decreased with increase in phantom size because of the beam-hardening effect, and however, the decrease was less at low tube voltages of 80 and 100 kVp (lowest at 80 kVp), demonstrating the beam-hardening effect was reduced at low tube voltages. The enhancements of aorta and hepatic parenchyma indicated tended to increase in patients with a heavy body weight, and this trend was stronger at 80 and 100 kVp (80 kVp>100 kVp). Therefore, it was indicated that the problem of excessive contrast enhancement in patients with a high body weight was prominent at low tube voltages because the beam-hardening effect in patients with a heavy body weight was weaken by low tube voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Muroga
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Akira Fukuzawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital
| | | | - Yuka Akizawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nagano Red Cross Hospital
| | - Katsuhiro Ichikawa
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University
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Perrin E, Jackson M, Grant R, Lloyd C, Chinaka F, Goh V. Weight-adapted iodinated contrast media administration in abdomino-pelvic CT: Can image quality be maintained? Radiography (Lond) 2018; 24:22-27. [PMID: 29306370 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In many centres, a fixed method of contrast-media administration is used for CT regardless of patient body habitus. The aim of this trial was to assess contrast enhancement of the aorta, portal vein, liver and spleen during abdomino-pelvic CT imaging using a weight-adapted contrast media protocol compared to the current fixed dose method. METHODS Thirty-nine oncology patients, who had previously undergone CT abdomino-pelvic imaging at the institution using a fixed contrast media dose, were prospectively imaged using a weight-adapted contrast media dose (1.4 ml/kg). The two sets of images were assessed for contrast enhancement levels (HU) at locations in the liver, aorta, portal vein and spleen during portal-venous enhancement phase. The t-test was used to compare the difference in results using a non-inferiority margin of 10 HU. RESULTS When the contrast dose was tailored to patient weight, contrast enhancement levels were shown to be non-inferior to the fixed dose method (liver p < 0.001; portal vein p = 0.003; aorta p = 0.001; spleen p = 0.001). As a group, patients received a total contrast dose reduction of 165 ml using the weight-adapted method compared to the fixed dose method, with a mean cost per patient of £6.81 and £7.19 respectively. CONCLUSION Using a weight-adapted method of contrast media administration was shown to be non-inferior to a fixed dose method of contrast media administration. Patients weighing 76 kg, or less, received a lower contrast dose which may have associated cost savings. A weight-adapted contrast media protocol should be implemented for portal-venous phase abdomino-pelvic CT for oncology patients with adequate renal function (>70 ml/min/1.73 m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perrin
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - M Jackson
- St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - R Grant
- St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - C Lloyd
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - F Chinaka
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - V Goh
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Yuan Y, Qiu H, Song L, Hu X, Luo T, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Qiao S, Yang Y, Gao R. A New Risk Factor Profile for Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Who Underwent an Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Angiology 2017; 69:523-531. [PMID: 29082747 DOI: 10.1177/0003319717736157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new risk factor profile for contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) under a new definition in patients who underwent an emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Consecutive patients (n = 1061) who underwent an emergency PCI were divided into a derivation group (n = 761) and a validation group (n = 300). The rates of CI-AKI were 23.5% (definition 1: serum creatinine [SCr] increase ≥25% in 72 hours), 4.3% (definition 2: SCr increase ≥44.2 μmol/L in 72 hours), and 7.0% (definition 3: SCr increase ≥44.2 μmol/L in 7 days). Due to the high sensitivity of definition 1 and the high rate of missed cases for late diagnosis of CI-AKI under definition 2, definition 3 was used in the study. The risk factor profile included body surface area <1.6 m2 ( P = .030), transient ischemic attack/stroke history ( P = .001), white blood cell count >15.00 × 109/L ( P = .047), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ( P = .002) or baseline SCr >133 μmol/L ( P = .007), intra-aortic balloon pump application ( P = .006), and diuretics administration ( P < .001), showing a significant predictive power in the derivation group and validation group. The new risk factor profile of CI-AKI under a new CI-AKI definition in emergency PCI patients is easily applicable with a useful predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Hu
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Luo
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Gao
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Eddy K, Costa AF. Assessment of Cirrhotic Liver Enhancement With Multiphasic Computed Tomography Using a Faster Injection Rate, Late Arterial Phase, and Weight-Based Contrast Dosing. Can Assoc Radiol J 2017; 68:371-378. [PMID: 28720415 DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to update our liver computed tomography (CT) protocol according to published guidelines, and to quantitatively evaluate the effect of these modifications. METHODS The modified liver CT protocol employed a faster injection rate (5 vs 3 mL/s), later arterial phase (20-second vs 10-second postbolus trigger), and weight-based dosing of iodinated contrast (1.7 mL/kg vs 100 mL fixed dose). Liver and vascular attenuation values were measured on CTs of patients with cirrhosis from January to September 2015 (old protocol, n = 49) and from October to December 2015 (modified protocol, n = 31). CTs were considered adequate if liver enhancement exceeded 50 Hounsfield units (HU) in portal venous phase, or when the unenhanced phase was unavailable, if a minimum iodine concentration of 500 mg I/kg was achieved. Attenuations and iodine concentrations were compared using the t test and the number of suboptimal studies was compared with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS CTs acquired with the modified protocol demonstrated higher aortic (P = .001) and portal vein (P < .0001) attenuations in the arterial phase as well as greater hepatic attenuation on all postcontrast phases (P = .0006, .002, and .003 for arterial, venous, and equilibrium phases, respectively). Hepatic enhancement in the portal venous phase (61 ± 15 HU vs 51 ± 16 HU; P = .0282) and iodine concentrations (595 ± 88 mg I/kg vs 456 ± 112 mg I/kg; P < .0001) were improved, and the number of suboptimal studies was reduced from 57% to 23% (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS A liver CT protocol with later arterial phase, faster injection rate, and weight-based dosing of intravenous contrast significantly improves liver enhancement and iodine concentrations in patients with cirrhosis, resulting in significantly fewer suboptimal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Eddy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Andreu F Costa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, QE II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Sardanelli F. Trends in radiology and experimental research. Eur Radiol Exp 2017; 1:1. [PMID: 29708170 PMCID: PMC5909338 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-017-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
European Radiology Experimental, the new journal launched by the European Society of Radiology, is placed in the context of three general and seven radiology-specific trends. After describing the impact of population aging, personalized/precision medicine, and information technology development, the article considers the following trends: the tension between subspecialties and the unity of the discipline; attention to patient safety; the challenge of reproducibility for quantitative imaging; standardized and structured reporting; search for higher levels of evidence in radiology (from diagnostic performance to patient outcome); the increasing relevance of interventional radiology; and continuous technological evolution. The new journal will publish not only studies on phantoms, cells, or animal models but also those describing development steps of imaging biomarkers or those exploring secondary end-points of large clinical trials. Moreover, consideration will be given to studies regarding: computer modelling and computer aided detection and diagnosis; contrast materials, tracers, and theranostics; advanced image analysis; optical, molecular, hybrid and fusion imaging; radiomics and radiogenomics; three-dimensional printing, information technology, image reconstruction and post-processing, big data analysis, teleradiology, clinical decision support systems; radiobiology; radioprotection; and physics in radiology. The journal aims to establish a forum for basic science, computer and information technology, radiology, and other medical subspecialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano and Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan Italy
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Aortic and Hepatic Contrast Enhancement During Hepatic-Arterial and Portal Venous Phase Computed Tomography Scanning: Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis Using Age, Sex, Total Body Weight, Height, and Cardiac Output. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2017; 41:309-314. [PMID: 27759599 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of the age, sex, total body weight (TBW), height (HT) and cardiac output (CO) of patients on aortic and hepatic contrast enhancement during hepatic-arterial phase (HAP) and portal venous phase (PVP) computed tomography (CT) scanning. METHODS This prospective study received institutional review board approval; prior informed consent to participate was obtained from all 168 patients. All were examined using our routine protocol; the contrast material was 600 mg/kg iodine. Cardiac output was measured with a portable electrical velocimeter within 5 minutes of starting the CT scan. We calculated contrast enhancement (per gram of iodine: [INCREMENT]HU/gI) of the abdominal aorta during the HAP and of the liver parenchyma during the PVP. We performed univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis between all patient characteristics and the [INCREMENT]HU/gI of aortic- and liver parenchymal enhancement. RESULTS Univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated statistically significant correlations between the [INCREMENT]HU/gI and the age, sex, TBW, HT, and CO (all P < 0.001). However, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that only the TBW and CO were of independent predictive value (P < 0.001). Also, only the CO was independently and negatively related to aortic enhancement during HAP and to liver parenchymal enhancement when the contrast material injection protocol was adjusted for the TBW (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION By multivariate linear regression analysis only the TBW and CO were significantly correlated with aortic and liver parenchymal enhancement; the age, sex, and HT were not. The CO was the only independent factor affecting aortic and liver parenchymal enhancement at hepatic CT when the protocol was adjusted for the TBW.
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Yuan Y, Qiu H, Hu XY, Luo T, Gao XJ, Zhao XY, Zhang J, Wu Y, Yan HB, Qiao SB, Yang YJ, Gao RL. Risk Factors of Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:45-50. [PMID: 28051022 PMCID: PMC5221111 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.196578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) were mostly based on selective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cases, and risk factors of CI-AKI after emergency PCI are unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors of CI-AKI in a Chinese population undergoing emergency PCI. Methods: A total of 1061 consecutive patients undergoing emergency PCI during January 2013 and June 2015 were enrolled and divided into CI-AKI and non-CI-AKI group. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to identify the risk factors of CI-AKI in emergency PCI patients. CI-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥25% or ≥0.5 mg/dl (44.2 μmol/L) above baseline within 3 days after exposure to contrast medium. Results: The incidence of CI-AKI in patients undergoing emergency PCI was 22.7% (241/1061). Logistic multivariable analysis showed that body surface area (BSA) (odds ratio [OR] 0.213, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.075–0.607, P = 0.004), history of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 1.642, 95% CI: 1.079–2.499, P = 0.021), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR 0.969, 95% CI: 0.944–0.994, P = 0.015), hemoglobin (Hb) (OR 0.988, 95% CI: 0.976–1.000, P = 0.045), estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 1.027, 95% CI: 1.018–1.037, P < 0.001), left anterior descending (LAD) stented (OR 1.464, 95% CI: 1.000–2.145, P = 0.050), aspirin (OR 0.097, 95%CI: 0.009–0.987, P = 0.049), and diuretics use (OR 1.850, 95% CI: 1.233–2.777, P = 0.003) were independent predictors of CI-AKI in patients undergoing emergency PCI. Conclusion: History of MI, low BSA, LVEF and Hb level, LAD stented, and diuretics use are associated with increased risk of CI-AKI in patients undergoing emergency PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Tong Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Hong-Bing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shu-Bin Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Run-Lin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Davenport MS, Parikh KR, Mayo-Smith WW, Israel GM, Brown RK, Ellis JH. Effect of Fixed-Volume and Weight-Based Dosing Regimens on the Cost and Volume of Administered Iodinated Contrast Material at Abdominal CT. J Am Coll Radiol 2017; 14:359-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Comparison between a fixed-dose contrast protocol and a weight-based contrast dosing protocol in abdominal CT. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:1314.e1-1314.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Camera L, Liccardo I, Romano F, Liuzzi R, Rispo A, Imbriaco M, Testa A, Luglio G, De Fronzo S, Castiglione F, Bucci L, Brunetti A. Diagnostic efficacy of single-pass abdominal multidetector-row CT: prospective evaluation of a low dose protocol. Br J Radiol 2016; 90:20160612. [PMID: 27826994 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of single-pass contrast-enhanced multidetector CT (CE-MDCT) performed with a low-radiation high-contrast (LR-HC) dose protocol in selected patients with non-traumatic acute bowel disease. METHODS 65 (32 males, 33 females; aged 20-67 years) consecutive patients with non-traumatic acute bowel disease underwent single-pass CE-MDCT performed 70-100 s after i.v. bolus injection of a non-ionic iodinated contrast medium (CM) (370 mgI ml-1). In 46 (70%) patients with a clinical and/or ultrasonographic suspicion of inflammatory bowel disease, up to 1.2-1.4 l of a 7% polyethylene-glycol solution was orally administered 45-60 mins prior to the CT examination. Patients were then divided into two groups according to age: Group A (20-44 years; n = 34) and Group B (45-70 years; n = 31). Noise index (NI) and CM dose were selected as follows: Group A (NI = 15; 2.5 ml kg-1) and Group B (NI = 12.5; 2 ml kg-1). All patients of Group A underwent thyroid functional tests at 4-6 weeks. Final diagnoses were obtained by open (n = 12) or laparoscopic surgery (n = 4), endoscopy w/without biopsy (n = 24) and clinical (n = 19) and/or instrumental (ultrasonography) (n = 6) follow-up at 11 ± 4 months (range 6-18 mo.). Statistical analysis was performed by χ2 and Student's t-test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity were 91.3 vs 95.4% (p = 0.905) and 90.9 vs 88.8% (p = 0.998) with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 91.1 vs 93.5% (p = 0.756), whereas the radiation (in millisievert) and CM dose (in millilitre) were 7.5 ± 2.8 mSv and 155 ± 30 ml for Group A and 14.1 ± 5.3 mSv and 130 ± 24 ml for Group B (p < 0.001), respectively. No patients of Group A showed laboratory signs of thyrotoxicosis at follow-up. CONCLUSION The LR-HC has proved to be a safe and a dose-effective protocol in the evaluation of selected young patients with non-traumatic acute bowel disease. Advances in knowledge: (1) As reaching the highest diagnostic benefit to risk ratio (AHARA) appears to be the current principle of MDCT imaging, an increased amount of iodinated CM (0.7-0.9 gI ml-1) can be safely administered to young patients (<40 years) with normal thyroid and renal function to compensate for the lower image quality resulting from low-dose CT protocols performed with the standard filter back-projection algorithm. Such an approach will result in a significant reduction of the radiation dose, which could be otherwise achieved only using iterative reconstruction algorithms combined with either low tube voltage and/or low tube current protocols. (2) An optimal scan delay (Tdelay) for a venous phase caudocranial acquisition can be calculated by the following formula: Tdelay = CI + 25 - TSD, where CI is the duration of the contrast injection, 25 is the average of the sum of abdominal aortic and peak hepatic arrival times and TSD is the scan duration. With such an approach, the radiation exposure resulting from bolus tracking, albeit performed with low-dose scans, can be spared in patients with normal transit times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Camera
- 1 Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,2 National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Liccardo
- 1 Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Romano
- 1 Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Liuzzi
- 2 National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rispo
- 3 Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico ll", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Imbriaco
- 1 Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Testa
- 3 Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico ll", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Luglio
- 4 Section of Colo-rectal Surgery, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico ll", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona De Fronzo
- 1 Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- 3 Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico ll", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Bucci
- 4 Section of Colo-rectal Surgery, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico ll", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- 1 Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Minimally Required Iodine Dose for the Detection of Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma on 80-kVp CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:518-25. [PMID: 26901007 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to determine the iodine dose per unit of body weight (BW) or body surface area (BSA) that is minimally required to detect hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on 80-kVp CT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred eleven patients (78 men and 33 women; mean age, 68 years; age range, 43-85 years) with chronic hepatitis were randomized into three groups with different iodine loads (0.5, 0.4, and 0.3 g I/kg BW) and underwent contrast-enhanced CT at 80 kVp. Enhancement of the liver and of hypervascular HCCs was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed on hepatic arterial, portal venous, and equilibrium phase images and compared between the groups. Values for iodine dose per unit of BSA (g I/m(2)) were also computed and analyzed. RESULTS No significant differences in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of hypervascular HCCs in any phase were found between the groups (p = 0.34-0.99). In the portal venous phase, the mean increase in hepatic contrast enhancement (ΔHU) of the 0.5 g I/kg group (80.3 HU) was higher than those of the 0.4 g I/kg (63.4 HU) and 0.3 g I/kg (53.3 HU) groups (p < 0.001). Linear correlation equations for the increase in hepatic contrast enhancement were as follows: ΔHU = 5.9 + 150.0 × IL(BW) (r = 0.69, p < 0.001), where IL(BW) is the iodine load per unit of BW (g I/kg), and ΔHU = 13.0 + 3.68 × IL(BSA) (r = 0.66, p < 0.001), where IL(BSA) is the iodine load pre unit of BSA (g I/m(2)). CONCLUSION The minimal iodine dose required to achieve a tumor-to-liver CNR that is acceptable for the detection of hypervascular HCCs on 80-kVp CT was 0.3 g I/kg BW or 11.0 g I/m(2) BSA.
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Saade C, Deeb IA, Mohamad M, Al-Mohiy H, El-Merhi F. Contrast medium administration and image acquisition parameters in renal CT angiography: what radiologists need to know. Diagn Interv Radiol 2016; 22:116-24. [PMID: 26728701 PMCID: PMC4790062 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2015.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, exponential advances in computed tomography (CT) technology have resulted in improved spatial and temporal resolution. Faster image acquisition enabled renal CT angiography to become a viable and effective noninvasive alternative in diagnosing renal vascular pathologies. However, with these advances, new challenges in contrast media administration have emerged. Poor synchronization between scanner and contrast media administration have reduced the consistency in image quality with poor spatial and contrast resolution. Comprehensive understanding of contrast media dynamics is essential in the design and implementation of contrast administration and image acquisition protocols. This review includes an overview of the parameters affecting renal artery opacification and current protocol strategies to achieve optimal image quality during renal CT angiography with iodinated contrast media, with current safety issues highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Saade
- From the Department of Radiology (C.S., I.A.D., M.M., F.E.M. ), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; the Department of Radiology (H.A.M.), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alsheikh Deeb
- From the Department of Radiology (C.S., I.A.D., M.M., F.E.M. ), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; the Department of Radiology (H.A.M.), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Mohamad
- From the Department of Radiology (C.S., I.A.D., M.M., F.E.M. ), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; the Department of Radiology (H.A.M.), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Al-Mohiy
- From the Department of Radiology (C.S., I.A.D., M.M., F.E.M. ), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; the Department of Radiology (H.A.M.), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi El-Merhi
- From the Department of Radiology (C.S., I.A.D., M.M., F.E.M. ), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; the Department of Radiology (H.A.M.), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Awai K, Kanematsu M, Kim T, Ichikawa T, Nakamura Y, Nakamoto A, Yoshioka K, Mochizuki T, Matsunaga N, Yamashita Y. The Optimal Body Size Index with Which to Determine Iodine Dose for Hepatic Dynamic CT: A Prospective Multicenter Study. Radiology 2016; 278:773-81. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015142941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Low-dose CT angiography of the abdominal aorta and reduced contrast medium volume: Assessment of image quality and radiation dose. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Balancing Radiation and Contrast Media Dose in Single-Pass Abdominal Multidetector CT: Prospective Evaluation of Image Quality. Acad Radiol 2015; 22:1419-26. [PMID: 26264765 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES As both contrast and radiation dose affect the quality of CT images, a constant image quality in abdominal contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (CE-MDCT) could be obtained balancing radiation and contrast media dose according to the age of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two (38 Men; 34 women; aged 20-83 years) patients underwent a single-pass abdominal CE-MDCT. Patients were divided into three different age groups: A (20-44 years); B (45-65 years); and C (>65 years). For each group, a different noise index (NI) and contrast media dose (370 mgI/mL) was selected as follows: A (NI, 15; 2.5 mL/kg), B (NI, 12.5; 2 mL/kg), and C (NI, 10; 1.5 mL/kg). Radiation exposure was reported as dose-length product (DLP) in mGy × cm. For quantitative analysis, signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios were calculated for both the liver (L) and the abdominal aorta (A). Statistical analysis was performed with a one-way analysis of variance. Standard imaging criteria were used for qualitative analysis. RESULTS Although peak hepatic enhancement was 152 ± 16, 128 ± 12, and 101 ± 14 Hounsfield units (P < .001) for groups A, B, and C, respectively, no significant differences were observed in the corresponding SNRL with 9.2 ± 1.4, 9.1 ± 1.2, and 9.2 ± 3. Radiation (mGy × cm) and contrast media dose (mL) administered were 476 ± 147 and 155 ± 27 for group A, 926 ± 291 and 130 ± 16 for group B, and 1981 ± 451 and 106 ± 15 for group C, respectively (P < .001). None of the studies was graded as poor or inadequate by both readers, and the prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa ranged between 0.48 and 0.93 for all but one criteria. CONCLUSIONS A constant image quality in CE-MDCT can be obtained balancing radiation and contrast media dose administered to patients of different age.
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Koiwahara G, Tsuda T, Matsuda M, Hirata M, Tanaka H, Hyodo T, Kido T, Mochizuki T. Different enhancement of the hepatic parenchyma in dynamic CT for patients with normal liver and chronic liver diseases and with the dose of contrast medium based on body surface area. Jpn J Radiol 2015; 33:194-200. [PMID: 25673431 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-015-0398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize hepatic parenchymal enhancement for normal and diseased liver in dynamic computed tomography (CT) with the dose of contrast medium calculated on the basis of body surface area (BSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 328 consecutive patients who underwent triple-phase contrast-enhanced CT were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into four groups: normal liver (n = 125), chronic hepatitis (CH) (n = 92), Child-Pugh grade A liver cirrhosis (LC-A) (n = 78), and Child-Pugh grade B liver cirrhosis (LC-B) (n = 33). All patients received 22 g I m(-2) as contrast material, calculated on the basis of BSA. CT values were measured in the region of interest during the pre-contrast, arterial, and portal phases, and the change in the CT value (ΔHU, where HU is Hounsfield units) compared with pre-contrast images was calculated. RESULTS Mean ΔHU for the hepatic parenchyma for the normal liver, CH, LC-A, and LC-B groups during the portal phase was 55.5 ± 11.8 HU, 55.2 ± 12.5 HU, 50.0 ± 13.0 HU, and 43.0 ± 12.7 HU, respectively; generalized estimating equation analysis showed the differences were significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Hepatic parenchymal enhancement during the portal phase decreased as the severity of chronic liver damage increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Koiwahara
- Department of Radiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shitukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0925, Japan,
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