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Kaur R, Saxena S. Penicillium citrinum, a Drought-Tolerant Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Leaves with Plant Growth-Promoting Abilities. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:184. [PMID: 37061641 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have recently garnered significant attention as next-generation bioinoculants due to their plausible role in ameliorating abiotic and biotic stresses. This adaptation is achieved via various signalling molecules and mechanisms established by these symbionts with their hosts. The present study screened 61 endophytic isolates of culturable mycobiome associated with wheat variety PBW725 during their crop cycle. Three endophytic isolates exhibited a minimum reduction in their growth and maximum biomass production during the drought stress developed using polyethylene glycol 6000. Further, these isolates also exhibited plant growth promoting properties by virtue of the production of indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid and ammonia. These isolates also exhibited the propensity to solubilise phosphate and zinc, produce siderophores and further exhibit extracellular enzymatic activities, contributing to plants' adaptability to abiotic stresses. The best isolate amongst the three was #5TAKL-3a, identified as Penicillium citrinum based on multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The isolate as a bioinoculant enhances various biochemical and physiological properties in planta. Hence our studies indicate that Penicillium citrinum #5TAKL-3a is a potential candidate bioinoculant for field trials to improve the adaptability of the wheat plant under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjai Saxena
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India.
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Nizar M, Shaukat K, Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Raza A, Samad A, Ali Q, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM. Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Ameliorate Cadmium Stress in Milk Thistle by Enhancing Morpho-Physiological Attributes Grown at Two Different Altitudes. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:809183. [PMID: 35154205 PMCID: PMC8830505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.809183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd+2) is a potential and widespread toxic environmental pollutant, mainly derived from a rapid industrial process that has inhibitory effects on growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of various plant species, including medicinal plants such as Silybum marianum L. Gaertn commonly known as milk thistle. Plant signaling molecules, when applied exogenously, help to enhance/activate endogenous biosynthesis of potentially important signaling molecules and antioxidants that boost tolerance against various abiotic stresses, e.g., heavy metal stress. The present study documented the protective role of salicylic acid (SA;0.25 μM) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 10 μM) priming, foliar spray, and combinational treatments in reducing Cd+2 toxicity (500 μM) in milk thistle grown at two diverse ecological zones of Balochistan Province of Pakistan i.e., Quetta (Qta) and Turbat (Tbt). The morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of milk thistle were significantly affected by Cd+2 toxicity; however, priming and foliar spray of SA and H2O2 significantly improved the growth attributes (root/shoot length, leaf area, and root/shoot fresh and dry weight), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, and carotenoids) and secondary metabolites (Anthocyanin, Soluble phenolics, and Tannins) at both altitudes by suppressing the negative impact of Cd+2. However, the oxidative damage parameters, i.e., MDA and H2O2, decreased astonishingly under the treatment of signaling molecules, thereby protecting membrane integrity under Cd+2 stress. The morphological variations were profound at the low altitude (Tbt) as compared to the high altitude (Qta). Interestingly, the physiological and biochemical attributes at both altitudes improved under SA and H2O2 treatments, thus hampered the toxic effect of Cd+2. These signaling compounds enhanced tolerance of plants under heavy metal stress conditions with the consideration of altitudinal, and ambient temperature variations remain to be the key concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mereen Nizar
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kanval Shaukat
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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